本研究目的在探討不同太極拳齡中老年人運動者與無規律運動者在健康狀況上的差異，本研究受試者人數總計689名，包括太極拳組423名，無規律運動組266名，男性太極拳組平均年齡、身高、體重依序為52.8 12.4歲、166.6 5.4公分、66.7 7.9公斤；女性太極拳組平均年齡、身高、體重依序為52.1 10.9歲、156.8 5.0公分、57.1 6.9公斤；男性控制組平均年齡、身高、體重依序為48.1 8.2歲、167.1 5.2公分、66.7 8.8公斤；女性控制組平均年齡、身高、體重依序為46.3 8.0歲、154.2 18.9公分、58.2 14.1公斤。本研究採用SF-36問卷量表（其內容擁有八個健康構面包括身體功能、身體角色、心理角色、社會功能、身體疼痛、心理健康、活力狀況、一般自覺健康狀況）及七日身體活動回憶量表作為測量的工具，經單因子變異數分析考驗各組間之顯著水準，並以杜凱氏法（Tukey）作為事後比較分析（本研究顯著差異水準設在α＝.05），結果發現太極拳組比無規律運動組在八個健康構面得分高，顯示出練習太極拳確能改善生理、心理、社會等方面的健康，而不同拳齡間的比較也傾向於拳齡越高者得分越高，尤以自覺健康狀況與活力狀況兩個構面表現最為顯著，因此建議中老年人可將太極拳作為健身運動的方法，如此才能減低因老化而使身心健康變差的因素降低，才能提昇與健康有關的生活品質（health-related quality of life）。

關鍵詞：太極拳、中老年人、SF-36、生活品質

The purpose of this study was to assess the health status between diverse Tai Chi Chuan（TCC） ages of middle-age ＆ old adults and people who do irregular exercise（IE）. Subjects consisted of 689 volunteers（423 TCC and 266 IE）, their mean age, height and weight of male TCC were 52.8 12.4 yrs, 166.6 5.4cm and 66.7 7.9kg, of female TCC were 52.1 10.9 yrs, 156.8 5.0cm and 57.1 6.9kg, of male IE were 48.1 8.2 yrs, 167.1 5.2cm and 66.7 8.8kg and of female IE were 46.3 8.0 yrs, 154.2 18.9cm and 58.2 14.1kg. The SF-36 Health Survey and 7-Days Physical Activity Recall Form were used as the research tools. The one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference of health status and physical activity between TCC groups and IE groups. The results were followed as: The TCC groups scored higher in 8 health scales of SF-36 than those of IE groups, and it appears that adults practicing TCC can certainly improve the physical health, mental health and social functioning. In addition, diverse TCC ages groups tended to the more TCC ages the more the score, especially in the phases of vitality and general health. Therefore, it is suggested that middle ＆ older adults may take TCC training as the way to exercise for health, so it could reduce the risk factors for aging and promote health-related quality of life.

Key words: Tai Chi Chuan, middle-age ＆ old adults, SF-36, quality of life.

一、 中文部分：
方進隆（民81）。運動與健康---減肥健身與疾病的運動處方（增訂版）。台北市：漢文書店。
李水碧（民87）。身體活動與骨密度的關係。台北師院學報，11
，711~729。
李易蓁（民86）。中文版SF-36在臨床施測之初探。高雄醫學院公共衛生研究所。碩士論文。
李佳霙（民86）。探討中部五縣市民眾的健康狀況與醫療利用間的相關研究：SF-36健康量表的合適度。中國醫藥學院環境醫學研究所。碩士論文。6~10。
李惠蘭（民88）。鄉村老年人太極拳教導的身心健康評估。長庚大學護理學研究所。碩士論文。
林麗娟（民82） 。運動與老化。中華體育，7（3），120~125。
陳波章（民86）。從太極拳運動談氣。科學月刊，28，（3），208~211。
陳坤檸（民82）。年齡與骨骼肌特性/肌力的變化。中華體育，7（3），132~138。
陳政友（民83）。衛生教育與生活品質。學校衛生，25，50~57。
陳雪亮（民82），體育與生活品質。北體學報，2，117~128。
張永賢（民83）。探討太極拳對中老年人的運動效益。國術研究，3（1），57~64。
張彩秀（民82）。不同運動型態的中老年人對其體適能及健康的影響。八十二年台灣區運動會運動科學術專刊，77。
黃新作（民82）。國人健康行為及健康運動保健意識之初探。八十二年台灣區運動會運動科學學術專刊，77。
黃美涓、賴金鑫、藍青、張春琴（民79）。太極拳的實際保健效果。復健醫學雜誌，18，92~97。
黃國禎、郭博昭、陳俊忠（民87）。長期從事太極拳運動對男性老年人安靜心跳率變異性之影響。體育學報，25，109~118。
楊國樞（民80）。生活素質的心理學觀。生活素質研究中心研討會論文集，1，明德基金會生活素質研究中心。
賴金鑫、藍青（民83）。初學太極拳者心肺功能追蹤研究。國術研究，3（1），19~36。
賴金鑫、藍青、黃美涓、張春琴及連倚南（民81）。中年太極拳練拳之心肺功能研究。國術研究，1（1），12~15。
謝丞韋（民86）。身體活動能量自我評估法之效度研究。台灣師範大學體育學系。碩士論文。22。
謝贏華（民80）。銀髮生涯---高齡問題之多少。牛頓出版股份有限公司，38。
藍青、賴金鑫、連倚南（民82）。太極拳訓練對初學者心肺功能的促進效果。國術研究，2（1），53~62。
劉影梅、陳麗華、李媚媚（民87）。活躍的銀髮族－社區老人健康體能促進方案的經驗與前瞻。護理雜誌雙月刊，45（6），29~35。

三、 英文部分：
American College of Sports Medicine.（1986）. Guidelines for graded exercise testing and exercise prescription（3ed ed.） Philadelphia: Lea ＆ Febiger.
Blair, S. N.，＆ Garcia， M. E. （1996）. Get up and move：A call to action for older men and women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,44，599~600.
Bray, G. A.（1980）. Comparative Methods of Weight Control. Westport, C.T, Technomic Publishing,192.
Brooks, G. A. ＆ Fahey, T. D.（1987）. Fundamentals of Human Performances,365~378.
Brooks, G. A., Fahey, T. D.（1984）. Exercise physiology—Human bioenergetice and its application. New York: John Wiley ＆ Sons.
Brown, D. D., Mucci. W. G., Hetzler, R. K.＆ Knowlton, R. G.（1989）.Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses during formal-ized T’ai Chi Chuan exercise. Research Quarterly for Exercise Sport,60（3）,246~250.
Cheng, M. C.（1965）. Tai Chi Chuan for Health and self-defense Hong Kong: League Publication Compacy,29.
Cheng, M. C. ＆ Smith, R. W.（1967）. T’ai Chi：The “supreme ultimate” exercise for health,sport,and self-defense. Rutland VT：Charles E. Tuttle.
Ettinger, W. H.（1996）. Physical activity and older people : A walk a day keeps the doctor away. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,44, 207~208.
Fries, J. F.（1980）. Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity. Norrthn England Journal Medicine,303,130~134.
Hayes, K.（1997）. The psychological responses of participants in a women's cardiac rehabilitation program. Microform Publication, Int'l Institution for Sport ＆ Human Performance, University of Oregon.
Hickey, T., Wolf, F. M., Robins, L. S., Wagner, M. B. ＆ Harik, W.（1995）. Physical activity training for functional mobility in older persons. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 14,357~371.
Honda, C. M.（1995）. Cultural diversity：Tai Chi Chuan and Laban movement analysis. The Journal of Physical-Education Recreation ＆ Dance,2,38~40.
Jacobson, B. H., Chen, H. C., Cashel, C. ＆ Guerrero, L.（1997）. The effect of T'ai Chi Chuan Training on balance, kinesthetic sense, and strength. Perceptual and Moter Skills,84,27~33.
Jenkinson, C.（1993）. Self-reported functioning and well-being in patients with Parkinson’s disease : comparison of the short-form health survey（SF-36） and the Parkinson’s disease questionnaire （PDQ-39）. Age and Aging,24, 505~509.
Jette, D. U. ＆ Downing, J.（1994）. Health status of individuals entering a cardiac rehabilitation program as measured by the Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short-Form Survey（SF-36）. Physical Therapy,74（6）, 521~527.
Jiang, J. X.（1984）. An observation on the effect of Tai Chi Quan on serum HDLC and other blood lipids. China Sports Medicine,3,99~101.
Jin, P. T.（1989）. Changes in heart rate, noradrenaline, cortisol and mood during Tai Chi. Journal of Psychosom Research, 33,197~206.
Jin, P. T.（1989）. Efficacy of Tai Chi, brisk walking, ineditation, and reading in reducing mental and emotional stress. Journal of Psychosom Research, 36,361~370.
Jou, T. H.（1983）. The Tao of Tai Chi Chuan: Way to rejuvenation（3rd ed.）. Piscataway, NH: Tai Chi Foundation.
Kathrun, W. M., Bird, S. ＆ Owen, A.（1997）. Effects of an 18 week walking program on cardiac function in previously sedentary or relatively inactive adults.Britain for Sports Medical,31,48~53.
Koh, T. C.（1980）. Tai Chi Chuan. American Journal of Chinese Medicine,6,（1）,15~22.
Kutner， N. J., Barnhart, H., Wolf， S. L., McNeely， E. ＆ Xu,T.（1997）. Self-report benefits of Tai Chi practice by older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences,52B,（5），242~246.
Lai, J. S., Wong, M. K., Lan, C., Chong, C. K. ＆ Lien, I. N.（1993）. Cardiorespiratory responses of Tai Chi Chuan
practitioners and sedentary subjects during cycle ergometry. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,92, 894~899.
Lan, C., Lai, J. S. ＆ Lien, I. N.（1990）.Cardiorespiratory fitness of geriatric Tai Chi Chuan practitioners. Proceedings of Beijing Asian Games Scientific Congress. Beijing September.
Lan，C., Lai,J.S., Wong, M. K. ＆ Yu, M. L.（1996）. cardiorespiratory function, flexibility, and body composition among geriatric Tai Chi Chuan practitioners. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,77,612~616.
Peel, C., Utsey, C., MacGregor, J.（1999）. Exercise training for older adults with limitations in physical function. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity,7（1）,62~75.
Perry, P.（1982）. Sport medical in China：A group philosophy of fitness. The Physician ＆ Sports Medicine,10,177~178.
Province, M. A.， Hadley, E. C. ＆ Hornbrook， M. C.（1995）. The effects of exercise on falls in elderly patients. Journal of the American Medical Association,273,1341~1347.
Qu, M.（1980）. “Taijiquan”- a medical assessment. China Sports,
1.
Ryan, A. J.（1974, March）. T'ai Chi Chuan for mind and body. The Physician ＆ Sports Medicine,58~61.
Sallis, J. F., Haskell, W. L. ＆ Wood, P. D.（1985）. Physical activity assessment methodology in the five-city project. American Journal of Epidemiology,121,91~106.
Schneider, D. ＆ Leung, R.（1991）. Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to the performance of Wing Chun and T’ai Chi Chuan exercise .International Journal of Sports Me-dicine,12,（3）,319~323.
Slater, J. ＆ Hunt, H.（1997）. Postural-vestibular integration and form of dreaming：A preliminary report on the effects of brief T’ai Chi Chuan training. Perceptual and Motor Skills,85,97~98.
Smalheiser, M.（1984）. T’ai Chi Chuan in China today. T’ai Chi Chuan：Perspectives of the way and its movement,1,3~5.
Stewart, A. L., Hay, R. D. ＆ War, J. E.（1993）.The MOS short-form general health survey reliability and validity in a patient population. Medical Care,26（7）,724~735.
Sullivan, M. ＆ Karlsson, J.（1995）. The Swedish SF-36 health survey-1. Evaluation of data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and construct validity across general
populations in Sweden. Society Science Medicine,41（10）,1349~1 358.
Sun, X. S., Xu, Y. G. ＆ Xia, Y. J.（1989）. Determination of E-rosette-forming lymphocyte in aged subjects with Tai Chi Quan exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine,10,217~219.
Tse, S. k. ＆ Bailey, D. M.（1992）. T'ai Chi and postural control in the well elderly. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy,46,295~300.
Vandervoort, A. A.（1992）. Effects of aging on human neur-omuscular function: implications for exercise. Canadian Journal of Sports Sciences,17（3）,178~184.
Ware, J. E. ＆ Donald, S. C.（1988）. The MOS short-form general health survey: 1. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care,30（6）,473~483.
Ware, J. E. ＆ Sherbourne, C. D.（1992）. The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey （SF-36）. 1. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care,30,473~483.
Ware, J. E., Snow, K. K. ＆ Kosinski, M.（1993）. SF-36 Health Survey Manual and Interpretation Guide. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center Hosp-ital.
West, K. M.（1980）. Obesity in Amercian（editorial）. Annual Internal Medicine,92,854.
Whitlatch, S. ＆ Adema, R.（1996）. Functional benefits of a structured hot water group exercise program. Activity, Adapation and Aging,20（3）,75~85.
William, J. E.（1999）. Exercise training guidelines for the elderly. Medical and Science in Sports and Exercise,31, 12~17.
Wilmore, J. H.（1982）. Training for sport and activity（2nd ed.） Boston, MA: Allyn ＆ Bacon.
Wolf, S. L., Barnhart, H. X., Kutner, N. G., McNeely, E., Coogler, C. ＆ Xu, T.（1996）. Reducing frailty and falls in older person: An investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44,489~497.
Wolf, S. L., Coogler, C. ＆ Xu, T.（1997）. Exploring the basis for Tai Chi Chan as a therapeutic exercise approach.
Archives Physical Medicine and Rehabiltation,886~892.
Wolfson, L., Whipple, R., Derby, C., Judgy, J., King, M., Amerman, P., Schmidt, J. ＆ Smyers, D.（1996）. Balance and strength training in older adults: Intervention gains and Tai Chi maintenance. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,44,498~506.
Xu, S. W. ＆ Fan, Z. H.（1988）. Physiological studies of Tai Chi Quan in China. China Sports Medical,28,70~80.
Xu, S. W. ＆ Wang, W. J.（1986）.A study of the effect of Tai Ji Quan on endocrinology. China Journal of Sports Medicine,5,150~151.
Zhou, D., Shephard, R. J., Plyley, M. J. ＆ Davies, G. M.（1984）. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during T’ai Chi Chuan exercise. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science , 9,pp.7~10.