研究生: |
林嘉琳 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
馬來西亞華人實習心理師在臺灣跨文化諮商學習經驗— 在異鄉找到歸鄉路 Malaysian Chinese Intern-Psychologist’s Cross-Cultural Learning Experience in Taiwan |
指導教授: | 陳秉華 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2012 |
畢業學年度: | 101 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 154 |
中文關鍵詞: | 馬來西亞華人實習心理師 、跨文化 、跨文化諮商學習經驗 |
英文關鍵詞: | Malaysian Chinese intern-psychologist, cross-cultural, learning experience |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:273 下載:72 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在瞭解馬來西亞華人實習心理師在臺灣跨文化學習的經驗、接觸臺灣案主時的跨文化諮商經驗與及跨文化學習經驗對於諮商專業所帶來的影響。
本研究邀請三位就讀臺灣國內公私立大學研究所之馬來西亞國際學生,進行半結構式的深度訪談,以質性研究主題分析法對訪談資料進行分析。本研究之結果如下:
一、原生文化背景對馬來西亞華人實習心理師的跨文化適應帶來正面與負面影響,如原生文化與臺灣文化相近,初期適應或進入障礙較低,但同時也因為文化較接近,原生文化背景容易受到忽略,觸發壓力與負向感受。
二、在臺灣的跨文化學習經驗能促進馬來西亞華人實習心理師的文化認同與自我概念之重新建構,從傾向認同臺灣社會主流文化價值,到後來能漸檢視個人文化需要,重建對個人與文化的觀點。
三、馬來西亞華人實習心理師與臺灣案主的文化背景差異,讓他們主觀知覺到跨文化諮商中因語言隔閡、不熟悉臺灣社會與制度等,對跨文化諮商歷程帶來影響。
四、在臺灣的跨文化學習經驗有助於諮商專業信念與角色的重塑,包括從多元觀點來瞭解案主的處境、釐清助人信念與角色、更能體會尊重接納等治療因子的重要性。
最後根據本研究結果進行討論,並提出建議以作為諮商教育訓練及未來研究的參考。
The purpose of this study was to explore the cross-cultural learning experience of Malaysian Chinese intern-psychologist in Taiwan and how their experience in cross-cultural counseling influenced the professional development.
Three Malaysian international students were invited for semi-structured deep interview in this study, Thematic Analysis was used for data analysis. The results were following:
1. The original cultural background of the three Malaysian intern-psychologists influenced their cultural adaptation in Taiwan. The similarity of Taiwan and Malaysia culture decreased the adaptation difficulties in earlier stage. However, also brought stresses and negative experiences.
2. Cross-cultural learning experiences in Taiwan helped Malaysian Chinese intern-psychologists to enhance their reconstruction of cultural identities and self-concepts.
3. Cultural difference between Malaysian Chinese intern-psychologists and clients affected the process of cross-cultural counseling perceived by the Malaysian intern-psychologists.
4. Based on the experiences of cross-cultural counseling in Taiwan, Malaysian Chinese intern-psychologists refined their professional development in counseling.
Based on the results of the study, discussions and suggestions are proposed in the end.
一﹅中文部份
江宜樺(1998)。自由主義、民族主義與國家認同。臺北:揚智文化。
李臻怡(1999)。同文同種理解難:從跨文化交際看同胞溝通。海外校園,
38期,6-7頁。
易振成(2005)。大學僑生生活問題、因應策略與生活適應之研究。彰化師範
大學:商業教育行政管理研究所碩士論文。
考選部(2008)。96年考選統計。取自考選部網站:http://wwwc.moex.gov.tw,
2010年4月14日。
林水檺(2002)。堅持與成長:馬來西亞華教發展之路。取自:http://www2.thu.edu.tw/~trc/2-thuup/3-program/first/2-work/1-03.pdf
林俐君(2008)。調查國際學生跨文化文效能之研究:以來臺就讀高等教育
學生為例。淡江大學:國際商學研究所碩士論文。
洪子琪(2011)。僑生大學生活適應輔導之初探。學校行政,73期,145-156頁。
洪莉竹、陳秉華(2003)。諮商專業發展歷程之文化反省經驗。教心學報,1
期,1-18頁。
洪麗芬(2010)。馬來西亞華人家庭語言的轉變。東南亞研究,3期,73-84頁。
施秀玲(2005)。外國學生來臺社會支持與適應歷程之探討-以銘傳大學桃園
校區外國學生為例。銘傳大學:公共事務學所碩士論文。
高淑清(2008a)。質性研究的18堂課:首航初探之旅。高雄:麗文文化。
高淑清(2008b)。質性研究的18堂課:揚帆再訪之旅。高雄:麗文文化。
徐光興、肖三蓉(2009)。文化適應的心理學研究。江西社會科學,4期,
234-237頁。
徐昌燕(2006)。大學僑生成功適應歷程之質性研究。臺灣師範大學:公民
教育與活動領導學系在職進修碩士論文。
郭宇寛(2007)。馬來西亞華人社會政治危機和突破。炎黃春秋,11期,75-78頁。
孫杏林(2009)。文化衝擊與跨文化交際。重慶科技學院學報,3期,180-
182頁。
孫雷、安然(2010)。來華印尼留學生跨文化適應研究:華南理工大學短期漢
語師資培訓人員跨文化適應。雲南師範大學學報,5期,66-72頁。
許韶玲、蔡秀玲(2007)。督導必然是正向學習經驗嗎?論負向督導。輔導季
刊,43卷,1期,20-25頁。
陳心懿、林怡君、許昱涵(2010)。行為型文化智商、衝突處理型態與跨文
化適應之關係。中國管理評論國際學報,14卷,2期,1-25頁。
陳主全(2012)。境外生人格特質、生活適應、校園經驗及學習成效關聯性
之研究:以三所中部大專院校為例。朝陽科技大學:企業管理學系碩士論文。
教育部(2010)。外國在華留學人數表。取自教育部網站:http://www.edu.tw,
2012年8月20日。
教育部高教司(2006)。教育部「推動大專院校國際化」個案計畫。取自教育
部高教司網站:http://www.edu.tw/HIGH,2010年4月14日。
教育部國際文教處(2010)。大專校院正式修讀學位之國際學生人數:按學
科類別與國別分。取自教育部國際文教處網站:http://ois.moe.gov.tw,2012年8月20日。
黃文燊(2009)。讀在異鄉為異客:外國學生跨文化適應之質性研究。中興大
學:企業管理學系碩士論文。
黃奕暉(2007)。在臺國際學生社會自我效能與跨文化適應經驗之研究。臺灣
師範大學:教育心理與輔導學研究所碩士論文。
張春興(1991)。現代心理學:現代人研究自身問題的科學。臺北:東華。
潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究理論與應用。臺北:心理出版社。
潘慧玲(2004)。教育研究的取徑:概念與應用。臺北:高等教育。
黎永泰、黎偉(2008)。跨文化溝通特點探討。雲南大學學報, 6期,
46-51頁。
劉品佑(2007)。外國學生的生活適應與生涯發展:以清華大學和交通大學的
攻讀學位外國學生為例。清華大學:科技管理研究所碩士論文。
劉祥生、程向行(2008)。語言、文化與和諧世界。世界文化,7期,4-6
頁。
維基百科(2012)。馬來西亞華人。取自維基百科網站:http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki,2012年10月4日。
賴麗萍(2011)。走在文化心靈之旅的道路上:三位馬來西亞早期華人的生
命歷程與文化認同之敘說。臺灣師範大學:教育心理與輔導學研究所碩士論文。
譚志松(2005)。國外跨文化心理適應研究評述。湖北民族學院學報,6期,
64-67頁。
蕭奕志(2005)。校外實習學生專業社會化歷程之研究—以一所技術學院餐飲系為例。臺灣師範大學:工業教育學系在職進修碩士班。
臺灣心理諮商資訊網(2008)。取自臺灣心理諮商資訊網網站:http://www.heart.net.tw,2010年4月14日。
俞智敏、陳光達、王淑敏譯(1998)。文化。臺北:巨流。Jenks, C. (1993). Culture.
London: Routledge.
二、英文部份
ACA. (2005). Ethics and professional standards. 取自ACA網站:
http://www.counseling.org,2012年9月11日。
Anderson, L. E. (1994). A new look at old construct: Cross cultural adaptation.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 293-328.
APA. (2002). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice,
and organizational change for psychologist-american psychological association. 取自APA網站:http://www.apa.org,2012年9月11日。
APA. (2008). Cultural Competency Guideline. 取自APA網站:
http://www.apa.org,2010年7月23日。
Atkinson, D. R., & Morten, G., & Sue, D. W. (1989). Counseling American Minorities. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
Axelson, J. A. (1993). Counseling and development in a multicultural society.
California, CA: Brooks.
Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards Ethnorelativism: A developmental model of
intercultural sensitivity. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Berk, L. E. (2006). Child Development. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, Acculturation and Adaption. Applied
Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-68.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Thousand Oak, CA: SAGE.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in psychology.
Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Brown, L., & Graham, I. (2009). The discovery of the self through the academic
sojourn. Existential Analysis, 20(1), 79-93.
Brown, L., & Holloway, I. (2008). The initial stage of the international sojourn:
Excitement or culture shock? British Journal of Guidance & Counseling,
36(1), 33-49.
Butler-Byrd, N. M. (2010). An African American Supervisor’s reflections on
multicultural supervision. Training and Education in professional Psychology, 4(11), 11-15.
Chang, T. F. (2008). International students’adaptation process and
Cross-cultural training: A case study in the National Taiwan Normal University. Retrieved from National Taiwan Normal University, Department of International Workforce Education and Development webside: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=p8HyrW/record?r1=1&h1=0
Cheng, K. C. (2007). The changes of culture values: Starting from Hofstede’s
research. Retrieved from National Chi-Nan University, Department of
International Business Studies Master Degree webside:
http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=p8HyrW/record?r1=1&h1=1
Constantine, M. G., & Anderson, G. M., & Berkel, L. A., & Caldwell, L. D., &
Utsey, S. O. (2005). Examining the cultural adjustment experiences of
African international college students: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of
Counseling Psychology, 52(1), 57-66.
Dorozhkin, I. N., & Mazitova, L. T. (2008). Problems of the social adaptation of
foreign college students. Russia Education & Society, 50(2), 23-30.
Education Malaysia. (2009). Why study in Malaysia. 取自Education Malaysia網站:http://www.mohe.gov.my,2012年9月12日。
Fuertes, J. N., & Stracuzzi, T. I., & Bennett, J., & Scheinoltz, J., & Mislowack, A.,
& Hersh, M., & Cheng, D. (2006). Therapist multicultural competency: A study of therapy dyads. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 48(4), 480-490.
Hansen, N. D., & Randazzo, K. V., & Schwartz, A., & Marshall, M., & Kalis, D., & Frazier, R., & Burke, C., & Kershner-Rice, K., & Norvig, G. (2006). Do we practice what we preach? An Exploratory Survey of multicultural psychotherapy competencies. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37(1), 6-74.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International differences in
work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE.
Hsu, C. Y. (2007). A Qualitative Study of oversea Chinese university students’
process of successful adaptation. Retrieved from National Taiwan Normal
University, Department of Civic Education and Leadership webside: http://ir.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/309250000Q/75337?locale=zh-CN
Hutnik, N. (1991). Ethnic Minority Identity: A social psychological perspective.
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ingraham, C. L. (2000). Consultation through a multicultural lens: Multicultural
and cross-cultural consultation in schools. School Psychology Review,
29, 320–343.
Kim, E. (2012). An Alternative Theoretical Model: Examining psychosocial
identity development of international students in The United States.
College Student Journal, 46(1), 109-113.
Kim, Y. Y. (1988). Communication and cross-cultural adaption: An Integrative
Theory. Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters.
Lin, Y. N., & Hsu, Y. P., & Lai, P. H. (2011). Life experiences of overseas
Chinese university students in Taiwan. College Student Journal, 45(4),
793-805.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Lynham, S. A., & Guba, E. G. (2001). Paradigmatic
Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences, Revisited. In N. K. Denzi & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 97-128). Thousand oak, CA: SAGE.
Lo, H. W. (2010). My racial identity development and supervision: A
self-reflection. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 4(1),
26-28.
Maxie, A. C., & Arnold, D. H., & Stephenson, M. (2006). Do therapist address
ethnic and racial differences in cross-cultural psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(1), 85-98.
McClure. J. W. (2007). International graduates’cross-cultural adjustment:
Experiences, coping strategies and suggested programmatic responses.
Teaching in Higher Education, 12(2), 199-217.
Merta, R. J., & Stringham, E. M., Ponterotto, J. G. (1988). Simulating culture
shock in counselor trainees: An experiential exercise for cross-cultural
training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66, 242-245.
Mittal, M., & Weiling, E. (2006). Training experiences of international doctoral
students in marriage and family therapy. Journal of Marital and Family
Therapy, 32(3), 369-383.
Mori, S. (2000). Addressing the mental health concerns of international students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78, 137-144.
Ng, K. M. (2006). Counselor educators’perceptions of and experiences with
international students. International Journal for the Advancement of
Counseling, 28(1), 1-19.
Oberg, K. (1960). Cultural shock: Adjustment to new cultural environment.
Practical Anthropology, 7, 177-182.
Olivas, M., & Li, C. S. (2006). Understanding stressors of international students
in higher education: What college counselors and personnel need to
know. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 33(3), 217-222.
Parekh, B. (2000). Rethinking multiculturalism: Cultural diversity and Political
Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pedersen, P. (2000). Handbook for developing multicultural awareness (3rd ed.).
Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: A review of
research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.
Phinney, J. S., & Rotheram, M. J. (1987). Children’s ethnic socialization: Themes and implications. In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children’s ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development (pp. 274-292). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
Roberts, A., & Chou, P.,& Ching, G. (2010). Contemporary trends in East Asian higher education: Dispositions of international students in a Taiwan University. Higher Education, 50(2), 149-166.
Rogers, M. R. (2000). Examining the cultural context of consultation. School
Psychology Review, 29, 414–418.
Rosenthal, D. A., & Russell, J., & Thomson, G. (2008). The health and wellbeing
of international students at an Australian University. Higher Education,
55, 51-67.
Ryan, J., & Viete, R. (2009). Respectful interactions: Learning with international
students in the English-speaking academy. Teaching in Higher
Education, 14(3), 303-314.
Sangganjanavanich, V. F., & Black, L. L. (2009). Clinical supervision for
international counselors-in-training: Implications for supervisors.
Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory, & Research, 37(2),
52-65.
Salyer, M. (1992). Educators and cultural diversity: A six stage model of
cultural versatility. Education, 113(3), 503-507.
Sam, D., & Vedder, P., & Ward, C., & Horenczyk, G. (2006). Psychological and sociocultural adaptation of immigrant youth. In J. W. Berry, J. Phinney, D. Sam & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity and adjustment across national context (pp. 117-142). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Inc.
Sandhu, D. S., & Asrabadi, B. R. (1994). Development of an acculturative stress
scale for international students: Preliminary findings. Psychological
Reports, 75, 435-448.
Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and
socio-cultural adjustment during cross cultural transition. International
Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449-464.
Suanet, I., & Van De Vijver, F. J. R. (2009). Perceived cultural distance and
acculturation among exchange students in Russia. Journal of Community
& Applied Social Psychology, 19, 182-197.
Sue, D. W. (1990). Cultural specific strategies in counseling: A conceptual
framework. Professional Psychology, 24, 421-433.
Sue, D. W., & Carter, R. T., & Casas, J. M., & Fouad, N. A. Ivey, A. E., & Jensen,
M., & LaFromboise, T., & Manese, J. E., & Ponterotto, J. G., &
Vazquez-Nutall, E. (1998). Multicultural Counseling Competencies:
Individual and organizational Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Swami, V. (2009). Predictors of sociocultural adjustment among sojourning
Malaysia students in Britain. International Journal of Psychology, 44(4),
266-273.
Thomas, K., & Althen, G. (1989). Counseling foreign students. In P. B. Pedersen, J. G. Draguns, W. J. Lonner & J. E. Trimble (Eds.), Counseling cross cultural (pp. 205-241). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Thomas, R. M. (2000). Multicultural Counseling and Human Development
Theories: 21 Theoretical Perspectives. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
Vontress, C. (2001). Cross-cultural counseling in the 21st century. International Journal of the Advancement of Counseling, 23, 83-97.
Ward, C., & Bochner, S., & Furnham, A. (2001). The psychology of culture shock. London: Routledge.
Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1999). The measurement of socio cultural adaptation.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23, 659-677.
Ward, C., & Rana-Deuba, A. (1999). Acculturation and adjustment revisited.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 422-442.
Wilton, L., & Constantine, M. G. (2003). Length of residence, cultural adjustment difficulties, and psychological distress symptoms in Asia and Latin American international college students. Journal of College Counseling, 6, 177-186.
Winkelman, M. (1994). Cultural shock and adaptation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 121-126.