研究生: |
謝嘉珍 Hsieh, Chia-Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
疲於奔命?光鮮亮麗?已婚國小女性教師職家學平衡之探究 Exhausted? Attractive? A research of married elementary school female teachers' work-family-study balance |
指導教授: |
周麗端
Chou, Li-Tuan |
口試委員: |
魏秀珍
Wei, Hsiu-Chen 高旭繁 Kao, Shu-Fang 周麗端 Chou, Li-Tuan |
口試日期: | 2022/09/16 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
人類發展與家庭學系 Department of Human Development and Family Studies |
論文出版年: | 2022 |
畢業學年度: | 110 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 199 |
中文關鍵詞: | 在職進修 、已婚國小女性教師 、職家學平衡 |
英文關鍵詞: | Study while working full time, married elementary school female teachers, work-family-study balance |
研究方法: | 主題分析 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201859 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:180 下載:28 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究目的在於探討已婚國小女性教師在職進修的動機,面臨工作、家庭、學業三角色的衝突、增益及平衡之歷程,以及後續採取因應策略的結果,進而給予後進的職家學老師,或正在職家學挑戰中的老師,一些建議及參考。
本研究採用質性研究,能深入了解已婚國小女性教師在職進修的動機、在職進修的助力與阻力,並探究職家學衝突、增益的歷程及平衡策略。本研究訪談七位已取得碩士學位的已婚國小女性教師,回顧其在職進修的動機、職家學的角色與經驗及職家學的平衡策略。研究者使用主題分析法,將訪談資料文本命名為主題、次主題與子題,並由協同研究員、研究參與者及研究者共同參與分析,以提升研究信實度。
最後根據研究結果,可以得知研究參與者的在職進修動機主為要自我增能(增進經濟能力、增進學識與專業、實現理想)及外界氛圍(來自周圍的鼓勵、受他人影響)。平衡策略主要為找到自己最重要的資源與支持、相信自己與堅持、角色任務適度的彈性調整、排出重要性的優先順序、適時的喊卡與給自己退路。給予準備或正在在職進修的老師建議主要為事先評估客觀條件與資源(檢視自己家庭資源、工作資源、學習資源、社會資源的支持度、進修學校交通往返是否便利、上課時間是否能具有彈性、身心條件是否健康、自我信念是否強韌)。
The purpose of the study was to explore the conflict, gain and balance of the married female primary school teachers faced while dealing with work, family and study as well as the result of countermeasures taken subsequently, thereby providing suggestions and references for junior teachers committed to work, family and study or teachers who were facing challenges at work, family and study.
Carried out in the form of qualitative research, the study could go deep into the motivation, favorable and unfavorable factors for the on-the-job education of married female primary school teachers while also explore the conflicts and gains they encountered at work, family and study as well as the strategies adopted to balance them. Seven married female primary school teachers with master’s degree were interviewed to review their motivations for on-the-job education, roles played while involved in work, family and study and experience as well as the strategies taken to balance them. Based on the Thematic Analysis Approach, the researcher named the interview transcripts as theme, sub-theme and sub-topic, which were accompanied by the participation and analysis of co-researchers, research participants and researcher to strengthen the reliability of the study.
According to the research result, it was learned that the main motivation for the on-the-job education of participants was to enhance their own ability (increasing economic capacity, knowledge and expertise as well as realizing dreams) and respond to external driving forces (encouraged by surrounding people or influenced by others). In terms of strategies to balance, it mainly involved finding the most important resources and supports, believing in themselves, appropriately flexible adjustment of tasks to be accomplished in a role, prioritizing importance, stopping as appropriate and having exit plans. The recommendations given to teachers who were preparing or studying on the job was to assess objective conditions and resources in advance (checking the supports from family resources, work resources, study resources and social resources, whether the transportation to and from the refresher school was convenient, whether the class hours were flexible, whether they were under good conditions both physically and mentally as well as whether they were with firm beliefs).
一、中文部分
王玉珍(2014)。雙生涯成人工作家庭角色衝突與優勢經驗之探究。中華輔導與諮商學報,41,57-92。
王美惠(1987)。已婚職業婦女之家務分工、性別角色態度、社會支援與婚姻滿意之研究。文化大學家政研究所碩士論文,台北。
王姿懿(2007)。已婚職業婦女在職進修之動機、多重角色衝突與因應之研究。國立台中教育大學諮商與應用心理學系碩士論文,台中市。
王晶、吴明霞、 廖禮惠、吳梅寶(2010)。國外工作–家庭平衡研究的現狀述評。心理科学發展,18(8),1269-1276。
王慧姚(1981)。已婚職業婦女的角色衝突與生活滿意度。國立臺灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,台北。
方思文(1998)。影響臺灣地區男女兩性家務參與因素之探討。國立臺灣大學農業推廣學研究所碩士論文,台北。
石麗君(2008)。女性專業工作者在進修、工作與家庭角色衝突與因應策略分析之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,台北。
朱美玲(1994)。在職護理學位班學生壓力及調適之探討。國立陽明大學公共衛生學研究所碩士論文,台北。
朱萸、唐先梅(2005)。已婚婦女參與學習之家庭角色衝突研究—以國立空中大學學生為例。國立空中大學生活科學系生活科學學報,9,141~164。
李永鑫(2009)。由衝突走向平衡:工作-家庭關係研究的新趨向。河南大學學報,49(1),141-146。
吳佳慧、吳珮瑀、蕭高明(2013)。博士媽媽向前走-女性多重角色與進修博士的困境與進路。應用心理研究,57,31-75。
吳美連(2014)。職家平衡的應然與實然-無形支配權的觀點。應用心理研究,60,21-32。
吳淑賢(2009)。國小教師參與在職進修角色衝突與因應策略之研究。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育所碩士論文,嘉義。
何雪珍(1998)。護理科應屆畢業生憂鬱傾向及其與生活壓力、社會支持、自殺傾向之相關性探討。高雄醫學院護理學研究所碩士論文。
卓可欣(2011)。在職進修者職家學衝突之前因及後果。玄奘大學應用心理學系碩士論文,新竹。
周麗端(2012)。工作家庭的生活滿意:工作-家庭衝突與互利的影響。中華心理衛生學刊,25(3),377-418。
林子雯(2000)。成人學生多重角色與幸福感之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文,高雄。
林月琴(2003)。成人教育。新北市:國立空中大學。
林清江(1971)。教師角色理論與師範教育改革動向之比較研究。師大教育研究所集刊,13,45-48。
林清江(1996)。教育理念與教育發展。台北:五南。
林惠彥、高旭繁、馮輝棋(2013)。同酬也要同工:組織公平知覺對國小教師的職家衝突與後果之調節。商略學報,5(2),137-152。
林敬祥(2010)。教師參與進修動饑與學習成效之關係研究-以台北市教師研習中心為例。國立台北教育大學教育學院教育學系碩士論文,台北市。
施淑娟(2005)。國小老師在職進修對家庭與子女的影響。國立花蓮師範學院輔導碩士班碩士論文,花蓮。
高旭繁、卓可欣(2013)。個人資源對在職進修者職家學衝突及後果之影響。應用心理研究,57,81-115 。
高淑清(2008)。質性研究的18堂課 : 揚帆再訪之旅。高雄市 : 麗文文化。
徐宗林(1989)。博雅教育。台灣省政府教育廳。
唐先梅(1996)。什麼是家務工作?家務工作本質之出探。國立空中大學生活科學系生活科學學報,2,2-28。
陳奎熹(1998)。教育社會學。台北:三民書局。
陳惠娟(2019)。新北市國民小學教師在職進修壓力與教學效能之研究。淡江大學教育政策與領導研究所碩士論文,台北。
陳惠敏(1999)。南部某護專三年級學生生活壓力事件、壓力症狀和社會支持系統。護理雜誌。46(6),459-474。
陳嘉彌(1997)。教師參與在職進修動機取向與其接受創新程度間之關係研究。教育資訊,5,45-62。
陳慶福(1992)。大專生生活壓力事件之調查與分析。美和護專學報,152-165。
許寶源(1996)。國民小學教師角色衝突與學校認同關係之研究。國立師範大學社會教育學系研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北。
教育部(2004)。〈教師進修研究獎勵辦法(2004 年11 月15 日修訂)〉。2007 年 4 月15 日,取自全國法規資料庫:http://law.moj.gov.tw
教育部(2005)。〈師資培育法(2005 年12 月28 日修訂)〉。2007 年4 月15 日,取自全國法規資料庫:http://law.moj.gov.tw
教育部(2006)。〈教師法(2006 年5 月24 日修訂)〉。2007 年4 月15 日,取自全國法規資料庫:http://law.moj.gov.tw
陸洛(2013)。職家平衡在台灣:一個發展中國家的現況。應用心理研究,59,49-79。
陸洛、張婷婷(2009)。資源損失與資源獲得對職家衝突之影響:資源保存理論的觀點。臺大管理論叢,20(1),69-98。
陸洛、張婷婷、張妤玥(2012)。工作與家庭的意義對因應職家衝突的影響─華人雙文化自我觀之展現。本土心理學研究,37,141-189。
陸洛、張婷婷、潘君鳳(2012)。工作與家庭的雙向增益:前因、後果及互依我的調節作用。中華心理學刊,54(4),471-493。
張世民(2002)。角色一詞具有兩種涵義:在職碩士研究生的學習障礙及其因應策略之研究。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義縣。
張春興(1989)。張氏心理學辭典。台北:東華。
張淑貞(2003)。國小碩士教師研究所進修學習意涵之探究。國立台中東海大學教育研究所碩士論文,台中市。
張雯、李立(2006)。中國員工“工作/生活平衡”的理論框架。现代管理科学, (5) , 12-15。
郭為藩(1971)。角色理論在教育學上之意義。師大教育研究所集刊,13,15-27。
莊慧美(1998)。國小女性教師在工作、家庭及進修角色之衝突及適應歷程分析之研究。國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東市。
曾巧芬(2000)。護理實習學生休閒、生活壓力及身心健康相關研究:以台北護理學院學生為例。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
曾練平、燕良軾(2013)。中文版工作家庭平衡量表的信效度研究.。中國臨床心理學雜誌, 21(6),988-991。
賈馥茗(1995)。教育哲學。台北:三民。
黃光雄(2001)。教育概論。台北市:師大書苑。
黃昆輝(1988)。教育行政學。台北:東華書局。
黃富順(2000)。成人教育導論。台北:五南。
黃富順(2002)。成人學習。台北:五南。
黃惠敏、黃德祥(2012)。國中小女性教師工作與家庭衝突之研究。人文暨社會科學期刊,8(1),23-33。
葉爾雯(1991)。影響雙生涯夫妻家庭與職業衝突的有關背景、情境及心理因素之研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
劉家岑(2009)。已婚國小女教師在職進修壓力與調適方式之研究。國立台中教育大學社會科教育學系碩士論文,台中。
劉瑾雯(2004)。在職碩士專班已婚婦女進修歷程之研究。國立台灣師範大學社會教育學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
廖鶯娥、黃成財、王麗萍、徐堯(2006)。在職進修者之學習壓力、工作壓力與身心狀況關係之探討~以開南大學為例。通識研究集刊,(10),153-169。
蔡清田(1996)。從課程革新的觀點論教師的專業角色。輯於中華民國範教育學會主編,教育專業(頁129-154)。台北:師大書苑。
鄭秀足(2000)。已婚男女研究生學習與家庭衝突、因應策略及社會支持需求之研究。高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
歐用生(1997)。新世紀的教育發展。台北:師大書苑。
錢芷娟(1994)。師範院校已婚婦女學生家庭—學生角色衝突及其相關因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究 : 理論與應用。台北:心理。
藍采風(1986)。健康的家庭生活。台灣:台灣省社會福利工作人員中心。
謝琇玲(1995)。高雄地區大學生生活壓力與生活適應關係之研究。高雄工學院學報,2,73-400。
謝美蘭(2001)。碩士在職進修專班學生學習與工作衝突及其因應策略之研究。國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所碩士論文,嘉義縣。
謝坤鐘(1993)。職業婦女婚姻角色衝突、婚姻適應與婚姻滿足之研究。中國文化大學家政研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
魏麗敏(2016)。女性教師生涯期望與工作與家庭衝突之關係。諮商與輔導,364,28-33。
Glesne(2005)。質性研究導論。台北市:高等教育。(莊明貞、陳怡如譯)。
二、英文部分
Allen, T.D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 414-435.
Beder, Hal(1990). Reasons for nonparticipation in adult basic education. adult education quarterly, 40(4), 128-207
Beehr. T.A. (1985). The role of social support in coping with organizational stress.
Human Stress and Cognition in Organization.
Behson, S.J. (2002). Which dominates? The relative importance of work-family organizational support and general organizational context on employee
outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 53-72.
Carlson, D. S., Grzywacz, J. G., & Zivnuska, S. (2009). Is Work-Family Balance More than Conflict and Enrichment? Human Relations, 62, 1459-1486.
Caverman, S., & Sheley, J.F. (1986). Change in men’s housework and child-care time, 1965-1975. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 413-422.
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance. Human relations, 53, 747-770.
Cramer, P.L(1982). Causes for attrition Among Adult Basic Education Students.(ERIC NO.ED215111).
Davies, R.(1993). Chronicles: Doing action research: The stories of three teachers. In J.Elliott..(ED.), Reconstrcting teacher education: Teacher evelopment.(pp.145-153). The Falmer Press.
Eagle, B. W. , Miles, E. W. & icenogle, M. L.(1997). Interrole coflicts and permeability of work and family domain: Are there gender differences? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50,168-184.
Edgar,E.E.(1965).Social Foundations of Education.N.Y.:The Center for Applied Research in Education,Inc.
Eaton, S.C. (2003). If you can use them: Flexibility policies, organizational commitment, and perceived performance. Industrial Relations, 42(2), 145-167.
Fairchild, E. E. (2003). Multiple roles of adult learners: New Directions for Student Services, 102, 11-16.
Friedman, S. D., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2000). Work and family: Allies or enemies?: What happens when business professionals confront life choices. Oxford University Press.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992a). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992b). Prevalence of work-family conflict: Are work and family boundaries asymmetrically permeable? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 723-729.
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145-167.
Frone, M. R. (2003). Work-Family Balance. In: J. C. Quick, & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology,American Psychological Association, 143-162.
Geurts,S.A.E.& Demerouti,E.(2004).Work/non work interface:A Reviewof Theories and Findings.In M. J.Schabracq,J.A.M.Winnubst & C.L.Cooper(Eds.),The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology(Second Edition)(pp.279-312). John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.
Goff, S.J., Mount, M.K., & Jamison, R.L. (1990). Employer supported child care, work/family conflict, and absenteeism: A field study. Personnel Psychology, 43,
793-809.
Greenhaus,J.H.,& Beutell,N.J.(1985).Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review,10(1),76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H, Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The Relation between Work-Family Balance and Quality of Life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 510-531.
Greenhaus, J.H., & Kopelman, R. E. (1981). Conflict between work and non-work roles: Implications for the career planning process. Human Resource Planning,
4(1), 1-10.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G.N. (2006).When work and families are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Grzywacz,Carlson Grzywacz,J.G.,& Carlson,D.S.(2007).Conceptualizing workfamily balance:Implications for practice and research. Advances in Developing Human Resources,9,455–471.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work-family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 111-126.
Guba, E. G. (Ed.). (1990). The paradigm dialog. NY: Sage Publications, Incorporated.
Hanson, G.C., Hammer, L.B., &Colton, C.L.(2006).Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work-family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(3), 249-265.
Home, A. M. (1998). Predicting role conflict, overload and contagion in adult women university student with family and job. Adult education guarterly, 4(2), 85-97.
Huter, M. W. (1992). The effect of multiple roles on women majoring in education. Nacada-Journal, 12(1),9-14.
Jackson,S.E.,Zedeck,S. & Summer,E.(1985).Family Life Disruptions Effects of Job-Influenced Structural and Emotional Interference. Academy of Management Journal, 28, 574-586.
Janet P. Near, Robert W. Rice and Raymond G. Hunt (1980).The Relationship between Work and Nonwork Domains: A Review of Empirical Research. The Academy of Management Review, 5(3) , 415-429
Kanter,R,M.(1977).Work and Family in the United States:A Critical Review of Agenga for Reaserch and Policy. Russel Sage Foundation.
Kirby, P. G. ,Biever, J. L.,Martinez, I. G. & Gomez, J. P. (2004).Adults Returning to School: The impact on family and work. Journal of Psychology,138(1), 65-76.
Kirchmeyer, C. (1992). Perceptions of nonwork-to-work spillover: Challenging the common view of conflict-ridden domain relationships. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 13, 231-249.
Konard, A.M., & Mangel, R. (2000). The impact of work: Life programs on firm productivity. Strategic Management Review, 16, 204-221.
Kopelman, R.E., Greenhaus, J.H & Connolly, T.F. (1983). A model of work, family, and interrole conflict: A construct validation study. Organizational Behavior and
Human Performance, 32, 198-215.
Kopp, R. G. (1992). Multiple role Occupancy, Internal/External Locus of Control, And Psychological Well-Being Among Women Returning to School (Women Students). Unpublished Doctor Dissertation. The University of Seton Hall.
Krupp,J.(1981). Adult development: Implications for staff development. Author.
Krupp,J.(1982).The adult learner: A unique entity. Manchester, CT:Author.
Lenz, E. (1982). The Art of Teaching Adult. Holt,Rinehart and Winston.
Lippe,T. van der,Jager,A.,&Kops,Y.(2006).Combination pressure: The paid work-family balance of men and women in European countries. Acta sociologica,49,303-319.
Lobel, S.A. (1999). Impacts of diversity and work-life initiatives in organizations. In G.N. Powell (ed.,) Handbook of Gender and Work (453-467). Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage.
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S.F., & Huang, M.T. (2006). A cross-cultural study of work/family demands, work/family conflict, and well-being: The Taiwanese vs.
British. Career Development International, 11, 9-27.
Madrey F. G. (1983) The Effects of Enrollment on Full-time Married Doctoral Students: An Ethnographic Study. University Tennessee (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 232548)
Mallinckrodt,B.,Leong,F.L. &Kralj,M.M. (1989).Sex difference in graduate student life-change stress and stress symptoms. Journal of College Student development, 30, 332-338.
Mark, S. & MacDermid, S. M. (1996). Multiple Roles, Role Balance and Role Ease, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 417-432.
Miller, S. (1997). The role of a juggler. In S. Parasuraman & J. H. Greenhaus (Eds.), Integrating work and family: Challenges and choices for a changing world (pp. 48-56). Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
Nye,F.I.& Howard M. Bahr.(1976). Role structure and analysis of the family: Sage Publications.Sage library of social research,24.
Richards L. S. (1976).Women’s Perception of Their psychological and Practical Needs Upon Reentry to a Community College:Implications for Restructuring the Learning Environment. Nova University (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 130713).
Scheibl, F., & Dex, S. (1998). Should we have more family-friendly policies? European Management Journal, 16(5), 586-599.
Schmelz, D.R., & Ramsey, R.P. (1997), Considering sources and types of social support: A psycholmetric evaluation of the house and wells (1978). instrument.
Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 12(1), 49-61.
Shellenbarger, S. (1998). April 15. Work and family: Good news at last in battle of the sexes-men are helping more. Wall Street Journal, p. A3.
Staines, G.L., & Pleck, J.H (1983). The impact of work schedules on the family. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research.
Stephenson M.J. (1976). Change Family Patterns of Married Women over Thirty Who Have Returned to College. University of Maryland(ERIC Document Reprodoction Service No:ED186612).
Sue, C. C.(2006).Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Social Science Collections, 53(6), 747-770.
Thomas, L.T, & Ganster, C.D. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables onwork-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 80,6-15.
Thomas, L.T, & Thomas, J.T. (1990). The ABC of child care: Building blocks of competitive advantage. Sloan management Review, 31, 31-41.
Thompson, C.A., Beauvais, L.L., & Lyness, K.S. (1999). When work-family benefits are not enough: The influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization,
organizational attachment, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 392-415.
Van Sell, M., Brief, A.P., &Schuler, R.S.(1981).Role conflict and Role Ambiguity:Integration of the Literature and Directions for Future Research. Human Relations,34(1),43-71.
Van Steenbergen, E. F., Ellemers, N,, &Moojaart, A, (2007).How work and family can facilitate each other: Distinct types of work-family facilitation and outcomes for and women and men. Joumnal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3),279-300.
Vinokur, A.D., Pierce, P. F., & Buck, C. L. (1999). Work-family conflicts of women in the Air Force: Their influence on mental health and functioning. Journal of
Organizational Behavior, 20, 865-878.
Voivodas,G.K.(1983).The impact of elementary children’s school roles and sex roles on teacher attitudes:An interactional analysis.Review of Education Research,53(3),415-437.
Watson, D., Clark, L.A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal
Psychology, 97, 346-353.
Zemke,R.,& Zemke,S.(1995).Adult learning: What do we know for sure? Training Magazine,31-40.