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研究生： 康育萍
Yu-Ping Kang
論文名稱： 芝麻對停經婦女性激素與血脂的影響
The Influences of Sesame on Sex Hormone and Blood Lipids in Postmenopausal Women
指導教授： 吳文惠
Wu, Wen-Huey
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 人類發展與家庭學系
Department of Human Development and Family Studies
論文出版年： 2004
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 149
中文關鍵詞： 停經婦女 、芝麻 、植物性雌激素 、性激素 、血脂 、抗氧化 、骨質疏鬆
英文關鍵詞： postmenopausal women, sesame, phytoestrogens, sex hormone, blood lipids, antioxidative status, osteoporosis
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：469  下載：25 
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    • 本研究目的為探討芝麻對停經婦女血液性激素、血脂與抗氧化之影響。招募師大附近健康、飲食規律、停經一年以上、半年內無使用雌激素補充治療之婦女24人，實驗採用cross-over設計，每日分別食用50克泰國黑芝麻（薌園）或安慰劑（米粉）各5週，中間間隔3週清除期。食用芝麻或安慰劑前後收集血液與尿液共四次，比較血脂（血漿及各脂蛋白中三酸甘油酯、膽固醇含量）、抗氧化〔LDL氧化遲滯期、thiobarbituric acid reactive substance（TBARS）產生量、血清α與γ-tocopherol含量〕、雌激素〔血清estrone、estradiol、sex-hormone binding gloubin（SHBG）、dehydroepiandorsterone sulfate（DHEAS）、follicle stimulation hormone（FSH）〕、血糖、血清脂肪酸組成、尿液bicyclo PGE2與鈣、鈉、鉀、氯排出的變化。結果顯示，攝取芝麻後各生化值改變量與攝取米粉後改變量比較，血清SHBG顯著上升（p=0.028）、DHEAS顯著下降（p=0.010）；血漿總膽固醇（p=0.072）、LDL-C（p=0.060）有下降的趨勢；體外以銅氧化LDL之TBARS產生量顯著降低（p=0.031），且血清γ-tocopherol∕total lipid呈明顯上升（p=0.000）；血清linoleic acid顯著增加（p=0.018），arachidonic acid∕linoleic acid則顯著下降（p=0.008）；尿鈣濃度顯著下降（p=0.037）。綜合上述，芝麻可增強體內抗氧化能力；此外，對SHBG增高與DHEA降低的作用，或許能減少乳癌、心血管疾病發生之危險；對尿鈣排出量的降低，也許可減少骨質流失。故攝取芝麻對停經婦女在乳癌、心血管疾病的預防與骨骼健康的維護或許有所裨益。

    Objective: The effects of sesame on sex hormone, blood lipids and antioxidative status were investigated in postmenopausal women.

    Methods: Twenty-four apparently healthy postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy participated in this single-blind and randomized crossover-controlled trials. Subjects were supplemented with 50 g either sesame powder or rice powder placebo daily for 5 weeks each which were intervened by a wash-out period of 3 weeks. Fasting blood and first morning urine samples were collected at baseline and at the end of each feeding phase for the measurements of blood lipids, antioxidant capacity (the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and serum α and γ-tocopherol), serum sex hormones [serum estrone, estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandor- sterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) ], serum fatty acid composition, urine bicylo PGE2, urine electrolytes (calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride) and blood sugar.

    Results: Comparing the changes from baseline between sesame and rice supplementation, sesame supplementation increased serum SHBG (p=0.028), decreased serum DHEAS (p=0.010), decreased plasma cholesterol (p=0.072), LDL-C (p=0.060) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production of LDL oxidized by copper in vitro (p=0.031) and increased γ-tocopherol/total lipid ratio (p=0.000). Serum linoleic acid level (p=0.018) increased and arachidonic acid/linoleic acid ratio decreased (p=0.008) by sesame supplementation. Among the urinary electrolytes measured, only a decrease of calcium excretion was found after sesame consuming (p=0.037).

    Conclusion: These data indicate that sesame is effective in enhancing antioxidative ability. The increased SHBG and decreased DHEA may have beneficial effect in protecting postmenopasal women from breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the decrease of urinary calcium may indicate the reduction of bone lose.

    中文摘要………………………………………………………… I 英文摘要…………………………………………………………… II 目錄…………………………………………………………………i 表目錄…………………………………………………………………v 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………vi 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1 第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………………1 第二節 研究目的……………………………………………………2 第三節 名詞界定……………………………………………………2 第四節 名詞縮寫……………………………………………………3 第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………5 第一節 芝麻及其成分之介紹………………………………………5 一、芝麻簡介…………………………………………………………5 二、芝麻成分…………………………………………………………6 第二節 芝麻的生理功能……………………………………………10 一、血脂方面…………………………………………………………10 二、抗氧化方面………………………………………………………11 （一）芝麻中的抗氧化成分及加工的影響………………………11 （二）芝麻及其lignans的抗氧化效果…………………………14 （三）芝麻與維生素E的關係……………………………………15 三、前列腺素方面…………………………………………………18 （一）前列腺素的生合成與代謝…………………………………18 （二）PGE1及PGE2的功能………………………………………19 （三）芝麻及其lignans對前列腺素與其前趨物質生合成的影響..23 第三節 停經婦女的生理與性激素之變化…………………………24 一、停經婦女的定義與生理變化……………………………………24 二、性激素變化………………………………………………………26 （一）雌激素與雄性激素…………………………………………26 （二）性激素結合球蛋白(sex hormone binding globulin；SHBG)29 （三）Dehydroepiandrosterone（DHEA）…………………………30 第四節 Lignans對雌激素的影響……………………………………31 一、亞麻籽（flaxseed）中的lignans………………………………31 二、亞麻籽lignans與雌激素的關係………………………………33 第三章 材料與研究方法……………………………………………35 第一節 研究對象……………………………………………………35 第二節 研究設計……………………………………………………36 第三節 實驗材料……………………………………………………37 第四節 樣本收集與處理……………………………………………39 第五節 分析項目與方法……………………………………………40 一、芝麻成分分析…………………………………………………40 （一）Lignans分析…………………………………………………40 （二）維生素E（α-tocopherol、γ-tocopherol）分析…………41 （三）脂肪酸組成之分析…………………………………………43 （四）草酸含量分析………………………………………………44 （五）鈣含量分析…………………………………………………45 二、血糖含量分析…………………………………………………46 三、雌激素分析……………………………………………………46 （一）Estrone（E1）………………………………………………46 （二）17β-Estrodiol（E2）………………………………………47 （三）Sex Hormone Binding Globulin（SHBG）………………47 （四）Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate（DHEAS）……………48 （五）Follicle Stimulating Hormone（FSH）…………………48 四、脂蛋白分離……………………………………………………49 五、血漿脂質分析…………………………………………………50 （一）膽固醇含量測定……………………………………………50 （二）三酸甘油酯含量測定………………………………………50 六、低密度脂蛋白之體外氧化實驗（in vitro oxidation）……51 （一）LDL的透析及銅離子催化—氧化反應……………………51 （二）共軛雙烯（Conjugated Diene）生成之測定……………52 （三）TBARS（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances）濃度測定...................................................52 七、血清維生素E（α-tocopherol、γ-tocopherol）濃度之測定…53 八、血清脂肪酸組成之測定…………………………………………54 九、尿液creatinine含量測定………………………………………55 十、尿鈣含量測定……………………………………………………55 十一、尿液中鈉、鉀、氯的含量測定………………………………56 十二、尿液中PGE2之代謝物Bicyclo Prostaglandin E2測定……56 十三、體位測量………………………………………………………57 第六節 統計方法……………………………………………………57 第七節 研究限制……………………………………………………58 第四章 研究結果……………………………………………………59 第一節 受試者招募情形、基本資料與問卷調查結果……………59 一、受試者招募、基本資料與身體組成變化………………………59 二、受試者飲食、藥物服用與運動習慣調查………………………59 第二節 研究用芝麻之成分…………………………………………60 一、Lignans含量分析………………………………………………60 二、α與γ-tocopherol含量分析……………………………………61 三、脂肪酸組成分析………………………………………………61 四、鈣與草酸的含量分析…………………………………………61 第三節 生化分析…………………………………………………61 一、血清中性激素濃度的變化情形………………………………61 二、血漿中的血脂濃度……………………………………………62 （一）血漿與各脂蛋白中膽固醇的濃度變化……………………62 （二）血漿與極低密度脂蛋白中三酸甘油酯的濃度變化………63 三、血液中的抗氧化能力…………………………………………63 （一）LDL氧化conjugated diene形成之lag time及變化情形…63 （二）LDL氧化TBARS產生及變化情形………………………63 （三）血清中α與γ-tocopherol濃度之變化…………………64 四、血清中脂肪酸組成之變化…………………………………64 五、尿液中Bicyclo PGE2濃度之變化…………………………65 六、尿液中鈣、鈉、鉀、氯的濃度之變化……………………65 七、血糖濃度之變化……………………………………………65 第五章 討論………………………………………………100 第一節 受試者基本資料與身體組成變化………………………100 一、受試者身體組成………………………………………………100 二、受試者個人資料………………………………………………101 第二節 研究用芝麻之成分………………………………………102 一、Lignans含量…………………………………………………102 二、α與γ-tocopherol含量………………………………………103 三、脂肪酸組成……………………………………………………103 四、鈣與草酸含量…………………………………………………104 第三節 血清中性激素濃度之變化情形…………………………105 一、Estrone（E1）與estradiol（E2）…………………………105 二、Dehydroepiandrosterone（DHEA）…………………………105 三、性激素結合球蛋白(Sex Hormone Binding Globulin；SHBG)107 四、促濾泡成熟激素（Follicle stimulating hormone；FSH）…109 第四節 血漿中的血脂濃度…………………………………………109 一、血漿與各脂蛋白中膽固醇濃度之變化………………………109 二、血漿與極低密度脂蛋白中三酸甘油酯濃度之變化…………110 第五節 血液中的抗氧化能力……………………………………111 第六節 血清脂肪酸組成與尿液中Bicyclo PGE2濃度之變化……116 第七節 尿液中鈣、鈉、鉀、氯濃度之變化………………………118 第八節 血糖濃度之變化……………………………………………120 第九節 研究第一期、第二期食用芝麻粉末與安慰劑的比較……121 第六章 結論…………………………………………………………128 參考文獻……………………………………………………………129 附錄一 邀請停經婦女參加健康食品研究計畫…………………140 附錄二 研究計畫流程說明會……………………………………141 附錄三 問卷調查…………………………………………………142 附錄四 同意書……………………………………………………146 附錄五 實驗期間注意事項………………………………………147 附錄六 收集尿液與血液注意事項………………………………149

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