簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳聯暘
Lien-Yang Chen
論文名稱: 數位相機之色調重現演算法設計
Tone Reproduction Algorithm Design for Digital Still Cameras
指導教授: 高文忠
Kao, Wen-Chung
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 84
中文關鍵詞: 色調重現動態範圍壓縮數位相機直方圖等化
英文關鍵詞: Tone reproduction, dynamic range reduction, histogram equalization, digital camera
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:332下載:53
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 色調重現是藉由調整或映射高動態範圍影像,保存原始所看到影像的亮度以及更好的對比度,以獲得真實影像的色調呈現。本論文提出一個影像色調調整的方法,並且整合到我們所開發的穩健的彩色影像處理流程中。藉由影像的巨集邊緣資訊,將巨集邊緣統計分佈圖等化重新分佈,等化分佈的過程中尋求每張圖的色調曲線特性。經由實驗證明,我們提出的色調重現演算法能適應各種場景及環境光源,改善影像的對比及色彩的鮮明度。
    除了在PC模擬之外,我們也將演算法移植到嵌入式系統發展版上。針對系統板的特性及加速執行運算速度,改變變數的宣告型態成為整數以及利用查表法技巧。實驗結果證明提出的演算法能適應於一般的嵌入式系統中,並且執行消耗的功率低於個人電腦執行的消耗功率。

    Tone reproduction attempts to scale or map high dynamic range image data such that the resulting image has preserved the visual brightness and better contrast impression of the original scenes. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to tone reproduction by histogram equalization of macro edges. The proposed approach has been integrated with a robust image processing pipeline, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is very stable for accommodating diverse illuminants and scenes.
    In addition to running simulation on a computer, we also have ported the algorithm to an embedded system development kit. Several modifications are implemented such as changing the variables to integer type, and speeding up some time consuming operations by using lookup tables (LUTs.) The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be realized on a typical embedded system whose computation power is typically lower than a personal computer.

    摘 要 i ABSTRACT ii 致 謝 iii 表目錄 vi 圖目錄 vii 第一章  緒論 1 1.1研究動機 1 1.2相關研究 3 1.2.1色調重現曲線映射 3 1.2.2色調重現運算子映射 4 1.3目前這些方法所存在的缺點及問題 7 1.4提出的方法 8 1.5論文章節架構 9 第二章 數位相機影像流程處理系統架構簡介 10 2.1概述 10 2.2彩色影像處理流程 11 第三章 色調重現相關研究及探討 16 3.1相關背景 16 3.1.1影像的動態範圍 16 3.1.2人類視覺系統 17 3.1.3 CIELAB色彩空間 19 3.1.4 Tone Reproduction Curve 24 3.1.5直方圖處理 26 3.2相關研究概述 30 3.3色調重現曲線映射 31 3.4色調重現運算子映射 42 3.5相關研究問題討論 46 第四章 色調重現演算法 48 4.1演算法架構 48 4.2巨集邊緣偵測 49 4.3動態建立TRC 50 4.4根據TRC調整像素的RGB值 54 第五章 實驗結果 57 5.1 概要 57 5.2彩色影像來源 57 5.3未經過色調重現處理 59 5.4色調重現處理討論 63 5.4.1 在SRGB下調整和L*下調整的比較 68 5.5 實驗結果 70 5.6嵌入式軟體系統討論 72 5.6.1效能的評估比較 73 5.6.2實驗結果 74 第六章 結論與未來展望 77 6.1結論 77 6.2未來展望 78 參考文獻 79 自 傳 83 學 術 成 果 84

    [1] Hsien-Che Lee,“Introduction to color imaging science,”Cambridge University Press, 2005.
    [2] Wen-Chung Kao, Chih-Chung Kao, Shou-Hung Chen, Yen-Wei Hung. “The embedded software architecture for real-time video and audio recording,” in Proc. CVGIP 05, Taiwan, ROC, 2005, pp. 1462-1467.
    [3] Wen-Chung Kao, Sheng-Hong Wang, Lien-Yang Chen, and Sheng-Yuan Lin, “Design Considerations of Color Image Processing Pipeline for Digital Cameras,” IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 53, no. 4, Nov. 2006.
    [4] J.A. Ferwerda, S. Pattanaik, P. Shirley, and D.P. Greenberg, “A model of visual adaptation for realistic image synthesis,”in Proc. SIGGRAPH '96 Conf. Proc., pp. 249-258, Aug. 1996.
    [5] C. Connolly and T. Fliess, “A study of efficiency and accuracy in the transformation from RGB to CIELab color space,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 6, pp. 1046–1048, July 1997.
    [6] G. Ward, H. Rushmeier, and C. Piatko, “A visibility matching tone reproduction operator for high dynamic range scenes,”IEEE Trans. Visualization and computer Graphics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 291-306 Oct.-Dec. 1997.
    [7] G. Qiu, and J. Duan, “An optimal tone reproduction curve operator for the display of high dynamic range images,”in Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 6276-6278, 2005.
    [8] J. Duan , and G.. Qiu, “Fast tone mapping for high dynamic range images,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 847-850, 2004.
    [9] D.J. Jobson, Z. Rahman, G. A. Woodell, “Properties and Performance of a Center/Surround Retinex,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing. vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 451 – 462, Mar. 1997.
    [10] H. C. Lee, L. L. Barski, R. A. Senn, “Automatic tone scale adjustment using image activity measures,” United states Patent 5633511, Dec. 1995.
    [11] J. S. Alkofer, “Tone Value Sample Selection in Digital Image Processing Method Employing Histogram Normalization,” United states Patent 4654722, May. 1985.
    [12] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing, 2/E,” New Jersey, 2002.
    [13] J. Tumblin and B. Wandell, “Tone reproduction for realistic images,” in Proc. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application, vol. 13, pp. 42-48, 1993.
    [14] J. Tumblin, J.K. Hodgins, B. K. Guenter,“ Two Methods for Display of High Contrast Images,” ACM Tran. Graphics, vol. 18, no.1, Jan.1999.
    [15] D.J. Jobson, Z. Rahman, G. A. Woodell, “A multiscale retinex for bridging the gap between color images and the human observation of scenes,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing. vol 6, no. 7, pp.965 – 976, Jul. 1997.
    [16] E. H. Land and J. J. McCann, “Lightness and retinex theory,”Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 1971.
    [17] J. Tumblin, G. Turk, LCIS:A boundary hierarchy for detail-preserving contrast reduction, in Proc. ACM SIGGAPH, pp.83-90, 1999.
    [18] F. Durand, J. Dorsey,“ Fast bilateral filtering for the display of high-dynamic-range images,”ACM Tran. Graphics, vol. 21, no. 3, Jul. 2002.
    [19] R. Fattal, D. Lischinski, and M. Werman, “Gradient domain high dynamic range compression,”ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 249-256, 2002.
    [20] E. Reinhard, M. Stark, P. Shirley, and J. Ferwerda, “Photographic tone reproduction for digital images,”ACM Trans. Graphics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 267-276, 2002.
    [21] F.J.J. Blommaert and J.B.Martens,“An object-oriented model for brightness perception, ”Spatial Vision, vol. 5, no. 1, pp.15-41, 1990.
    [22] M. Ashikmin, “A tone mapping algorithm for high contrast images,”in Proc. 13th Eurographics Workshop Rendering, pp. 145-155, 2002.
    [23] Wen-Chung Kao, Chih-Chung Kao, Shou-Hung Chen, Yen-Wei Hung. “The embedded software architecture for real-time video and audio recording,” in Proc. CVGIP 05, Taiwan, ROC, 2005, pp. 1462-1467.
    [24] R.Ramanath, W.E Snyder, Y. Yoo, M.S. Drew, “Color image processing pipeline,” IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 34 – 43, Jan. 2005.
    [25] G.Sharma, H.J.Trussell,“Digital color imaging,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 901 – 932, Jul. 1997.
    [26] Wen-Chung Kao, Sheng-Hong Wang, and Lien-Yang Chen, “Design consideration of color image processing pipeline for digital cameras,” IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, pp. 1144-1152, vol. 52, no. 4, Nov. 2006.
    [27] Ping-Sing Tsai, Tinku Acharya and Ajay k. Ray, “Adaptive fuzzy color interpolation, ” Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol.11,no.3,July 2002.
    [28] Wen-Chung Kao and Ying-Ju Chen, “Multistage bilateral noise filtering and edge detection for color image enhancement,” IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, pp. 1346-1350, vol. 51, no. 4, Nov. 2005.(SCI)
    [29] K. Devlin,“A review of tone reproduction techniques,”Technical Report CSTR-02-005, Computer Science, Univ. of Bristol, 2002.
    [30] Y. Monobe, H. Yamashita, T. Kurosawa, H. Kotera, “Dynamic range compression preserving local image contrast for digital video camera, ”IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 1, Feb. 2005.
    [31] E. Reinhard, and K. Devlin, “Dynamic range reduction inspired by photoreceptor physiology,”IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 13-24, Jan.-Feb. 2005.
    [32] S.S. Stevens and J.C. Stevens, “Brightness Function: Parametric effects of adaptation and contrast, ” J. Optical Soc. Am., vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 375-385, Mar. 1963.
    [33] H. Zhang, and L. Lucchese, “A fast tone reproduction algorithm for high dynamic range image display,”IEEE 6th Workshop Multimedia on Signal Processing, pp. 275-278, 2004.
    [34] A. Pardo , G. Sapiro“Visualization of High Dynamic Range Images”,IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 639-647, Jun., 2003.

    QR CODE