錢鍾書先生（1910~1998）或許是中國當代最博學及具批判意識的一位人文學者。他的「化境」翻譯觀，對中國翻譯話語帶來極大的影響，而且也對提升中國傳統翻譯理論帶來實質貢獻，廣受學界認可。然而，對於錢鍾書翻譯論述的確實性，評論家們有諸多批評，認為是個人經驗談、自相矛盾、甚至是幻象，並與中國翻譯傳統產生斷裂。本論文主要即是針對這些挑戰，做出有效的回應，並對錢鍾書的翻譯觀進行全面分析。作者認為我們無法單獨地理解錢鍾書的翻譯思想，而必須檢視該思想所依據的社會、文化、與歷史脈絡，才能理解錢的想法。因此，本論文嘗試將錢鍾書主要的中英文著作中，散落至各處的翻譯評論與批判觀點串連起來，對他的翻譯觀提供邏輯連貫的論述與分析。首先，探索錢鍾書對佛經翻譯史的論述，並檢視錢鍾書於探討翻譯時運用的闡釋學概念，能全面理解他所支持的忠信翻譯觀的複雜性。第二，本論文也指出錢鍾書的化境翻譯觀，是大多數的中國翻譯理論家們都認識，但只有極少數論者對此觀點仔細地研究。因此，本論文試著對化境觀作出哲學性的詮釋，並探討隱與露的辯證議題。錢鍾書於探討化境這個重要的概念時，即時常提及此重要的文學主題。最後，本論文對晚清當時的社會與文化氛圍做了歷史性的回顧，並試著解釋錢鍾書為何會讚賞林紓於其翻譯作品中作出的種種操作。同時也論證了錢鍾書與林紓兩位知識份子，有雷同的想法，對使用古文與尋找中西方文學的相似性方面，都抱持相似的觀點。錢鍾書作為翻譯批評家與文學批評家的雙重角色，也會在本論文做出討論。整體而言，本論文澄清了前人對錢鍾書翻譯觀的普遍誤解，並深入分析他的翻譯思維在整體翻譯研究的理論潛能。

Qian Zhongshu (1910-1998) is arguably the most learned and critical-minded humanist scholar in contemporary China. His translation concept, huajing or the realm of transformation, has been highly influential in the Chinese discourse of translation and has made widely recognized and significant contribution to the advancement of the traditional Chinese translation theory. Critics, however, dispute the authenticity of Qian’s theorizing of translation, arguing that it is impressionistic, paradoxical, or even illusionary as well as a radical break with the Chinese translation tradition. This project aims to develop an effective response to these challenges and provides a comprehensive analysis of Qian’s translation concept. It argues that we cannot understand Qian’s idea of translation in isolation but examine it in relation to the social, cultural and historical context that his concept of translation is based on. In this sense, the present project tries to piece together Qian’s critical remarks and insights about translation that are scattered over his major works in both Chinese and English and provides a logically-jointed line of argument and analysis of Qian’s conceptualization of translation. Firstly, by exploring the history of Buddhist sutra translation, together with the examination of hermeneutics employed by Qian in his discussion of translation, we have a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of faithfulness or xin信that Qian upholds. Secondly, it is also argued in this project that Qian’s huajing concept is the idea that most Chinese translation theorists know but very few have studied carefully. Therefore, this project attempts to provide a philosophical account of huajing and deal with the issue of concealment and revelation, an important literary motif that Qian frequently refers to in the discussion of this seminal concept. Finally, this project gives a historical review of the social and cultural milieu of the late Qing period and tries to explain why Qian praises Lin Shu’s manipulation in the translations. It also proves that Qian and Lin are two like-minded intellectuals and they all share similar views of the use of classical Chinese as well as find affinities between Chinese and Western literature. It also explores Qian’s dual roles as both the translation and literary critics. By and large, this project clarifies the predominant misconception toward Qian’s translation concept and provides an in-depth analysis of his idea as well as its theoretical potential to the overall translation studies.

WORKS IN WESTERN LANGUAGES:
Bal, Mieke. Travelling Concepts in the Humanities: A Rough Guide. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.
Bassnett, Susan and André Lefevere. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1998.
Bassnett, Susan. Translation. London and New York: Routledge, 2014.
Berman, Antoine. The Experience of the Foreign: Culture and Translation in Romantic Germany. Translated by S. Heyvaert. Albany: State University of New York, 1992.
Bermann, Sandra and Porter, Catherine, eds. A Companion to Translation Studies. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2014.
Cercel, Larisa and Serban, Adriana, eds. Friedrich Schleiermacher and
the Question of Translation. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015.
Chan, Leo Tak-hung. Twentieth-Century Chinese Translation Theory:
Modes, issues and debates. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004.
Chang, Kang-I Sun and Owen, Stephen, eds. The Cambridge History
of Chinese Literature, Vol. II: From 1375. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Chang, Chung-An. “Words, Things, and Translation—Huajing [化境] as
a Possibility for the Revelation of the Truth.” The Journal of Philosophical Ideas, Special Issue, 65s (2017): 319-343.
Cheng, Pei-kai and Ka Wai Fan, eds. New Perspectives on the Research of Chinese Culture. Singapore: Springer, 2013.
Cheung, Martha P. Y. “‘To translate’ means ‘to exchange’? A new
interpretation of the earliest Chinese attempts to define translation
(‘fanyi’).” Target 17/1 (2005): 27-48.
Cheung, Martha P. Y. An Anthology of Chinese Discourse on Translation—Volume One: From Earliest Times to the Buddhist Project. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2006.
Cheung, Martha Y. P., ed. Chinese Discourse on Translation: Positions
and Perspectives. Special Issue of The Translator: Studies in Intercultural Communication. 15/2 (2009): 401-421.
Cheung, Martha P. Y. “Reconceptualizing Translation—Some Chinese
Endeavours.” Meta: Translator’s Journal 56/1 (2011): 1-19.
Chu, Cindy Yik-Yi and Ricardo K. S. Mak, eds. China Reconstructs. Lanham, MD.: University Press of America, 2003.
Confucius. Confucian Analects. Translated by Ezra Pound. London:
Peter Owen, 1956.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mark and Philip J. Ivanhoe, eds. Religious and Philosophical Aspects of the Laozi. New York: State University of
New York Press, 1999.
Curtius, Ernst Robert. European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages.
Translated by Willard R. Trask. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953.
Damrosch, David. What is World Literature? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Damrosch, David, Natalie Melas, and Mbongiseni Buthelezi, eds. The
Princeton Sourcebook in Comparative Literature. Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.
Damrosch, David. ed. World Literature in Theory. Chichester: Wiley
Blackwell, 2014.
Damrosch, David. How to Read World Literature. 2nd edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2018.
Deleuze, Gilles and Parnet, Claire. Dialogues. Revised, edited, and translated by Hugh Tomlinson and Babara Habberjam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007 [1977].
Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Translated by Gayatri Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974 [1967].
Derrida, Jacques. Dissemination. Translated by Barbara Johnson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Derrida, Jacques. Positions. Translated and annotated by Alan Bass. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982.
D’haen, Theo, David Damrosch and Djelal Kadir, eds. The Routledge Companion to World Literature. London: Routledge, 2012.
Doran, Robert. The Theory of the Sublime from Longinus to Kant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Escher, Anton J. and Spickermann, Heike C., eds. Perspektiven der Interkulturalität: Forschungsfelder eines umstrittenen Begriffs. Intercultural Studies 1, Heidelberg: Univeritätsverlag Winter, 2018.
Fang, Weigui, ed. Tensions in World Literature: Between the Local and
the Universal. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
Fairbank, John K. and Kwang-Ching Liu, eds. The Cambridge History
of China, Vol. 2, Late Ch’ing, 1800-1911, Part 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Fenollosa, Ernest. The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for
Poetry. Edited by Ezra Pound. San Francisco: City Lights Books,
1969.
Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human
Sciences. London: Tavistock Publications Limited, 1970.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Philosophical Hermeneutics. Translated and
edited by David E. Linge. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Truth and Method. 2nd rev. ed. & trans. Joel
Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall. New York: Crossroad Publishing Company, 1989.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. The Philosophy of History. Translated
by J. Sibree. New York: Dover Publications, 1956.
Heidegger, Martin. Poetry, Language, Thought. Translated and introduced by Albert Hofstadter. New York: Harper Collins, 1971.
Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time. Translated by Joan Stambaugh. New York: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Heidegger, Martin. Elucidations of Hölderlin’s Poetry. Translated by Keith Hoeller. Amherst, New York: Humanity Books, 2000.
Heidegger, Martin. Off the Beaten Track, ed. and trans. Julian Young
and Kenneth Haynes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Hermans, Theo. Translation in Systems: Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained. Manchester: St. Jerome, 1999.
Hermans, Theo, ed. Crosscultural Transgressions: Research Models in
Translation Studies II, Historical and Ideological Issues. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2002.
Hermans, Theo. The Conference of the Tongues. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2007.
Hillar, Marian. From Logos to Trinity: The Evolution of Religious Beliefs
from Pythagoras to Tertullian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Hill, Michael Gibbs. Lin Shu, Inc. Translation and the Making of Modern Chinese Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Hoy, David Couzens. The Critical Circle: Literature and History in Contemporary Hermeneutics. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University
of California Press, 1978.
Hsia, C. T. A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. 2nd ed. New Haven,
CT: Yale University Press, 1971.
Hung, Eva and Judy Wakabayashi. eds. Asian Translation Traditions. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2005.
Inwood, Michael. Heidegger: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Kant, Immanuel. Critique of the Power of Judgment. Edited by Paul
Guyer and translated by Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Kumar, Krishan. Utopianism (Concepts in Social Thought). Minnesota:
University of Minnesota Press, 1991.
Kwan, Uganda Sze Pui. “Rejuvenating China: The translation of Sir
Henry Rider Haggard’s Juvenile literature by Lin Shu in Late Imperial China.” Translation Studies, 6/1 (2013): 33-47.
Lee, Leo Ou-fan. “Lin Shu and His Translations: Western Fiction in
Chinese Perspective.” Papers on China 19 (1965): 159-193.
Lefevere, André. Translating Literature: The German Tradition from Luther to Rosenzweig. Amsterdam: Van Gorcum, 1977.
Levitas, Ruth. The Concept of Utopia. Syracuse: Syracuse University
Press, 1990.
Li, Tien-yi, ed. Selected Works of George A. Kennedy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964.
Liu, James J. Y. Chinese Theories of Literature. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1975.
McCullough, Christopher. The Merchant of Venice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
McLean, B. H. Biblical Interpretation and Philosophical Hermeneutics.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-
1800. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009.
Owen, Stephen. Traditional Chinese Poetry and Poetics: Omen of the
World.Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.
Palmer, Richard. Hermeneutics: Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamer. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1969.
Pollard, David. ed. Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840-1918. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998.
Pope, Alexander. Alexander Pope: Selected Poetry and Prose. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Pym, Anthony. On Translator Ethics: Principles for Mediation between
Cultures. Translated by Heike Walker. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012.
Qian, Zhongshu. Limited Views: Essays on Ideas and Letters. Selected
and translated by Ronald Egan. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Qian, Zhongshu. A Collection of Qian Zhongshu’s English Essays. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.
Qian, Zhongshu. Humans, Beasts, and Ghosts: Stories and Essays. Edited by Christopher G. Rea and translated by Dennis T. Hu, Nathan K. Mao, Yiran Mao, Christopher G. Rea, and Philip F. Williams. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.
Qian, Zhongshu. Patchwork: Seven Essays On Art and Literature. Translated by Duncan M. Campbell. Leiden: Brill, 2014.
Rea, Christopher, ed. China’s Literary Cosmopolitans: Qian Zhongshu,
Yang Jiang, and the World of Letters. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Robinson, Douglas, ed. Western Translation Theory from Herodotus to
Nietzsche. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2002.
Rosenblatt, Louise M. The Reader, the Text, the Poem: The Transactional Theory of the Literary Work. Carbondale, IL: Southern
Illinois University Press, 1994.
Said, Edward W. The World, the Text, and the Critic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Sakai, Naoki. “Translation.” Theory, Culture & Society. 23/2-3 (2006):
71-78.
Sallis, John. On Translation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.
Saussy, Haun, ed. Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization.
Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University, 2006.
Schleiermacher, Friedrich. Hermeneutics: The Handwritten Manuscripts. Translated by James Duke and Jack Forstman. Edited by Heinz Kimmerle. Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1977.
Schleiermacher, Friedrich. Hermeneutics and Criticism and Other Writings. Translated and edited by Andrew Bowie. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Schwartz, Benjamin I. In Search of Wealth and Power: Yen Fu and the
West. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964.
Schwartz, Benjamin I. China and Other Matters. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Shakespeare, William. Hamlet: Prince of Denmark. Edited by Willard Farnham. New York: Penguin Books, 1970.
Shakespeare, William. The Winter’s Tale. New York: Dover Publications, 2000.
Shei, Chris and Zhao-Ming Gao, eds. The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Translation. London and New York: Routledge, 2018.
Steiner, George. After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Susam-Sarajeva, Şebnem. Theories on the Move: Translation’s Role in
the Travels of Literary Theories. Amsterdam/ New York: Rodopi Press, 2006.
Tan, Zaixi. “The ‘Chineseness’ vs. ‘Non-Chineseness’ of Chinese Translation Theory: An Ethnoconvergent Perspective.” The Translator 15/2 (2009): 283-304.
Tribe, Keith, ed. A Critical Bibliography of Adam Smith. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2002.
Tymoczko, Maria. Enlarging Translation, Empowering Translators. Manchester: St. Jerome, 2007.
Tymoczko, Maria. “Why Translators Should Want to Internationalize
Translation Studies,” in Martha Y. P. Cheung (ed.), Chinese Discourse on Translation: Positions and Perspectives. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 2009, pp. 401-421.
Ullman, Stephen. Semantics: An Introduction to the Science of Meaning. New York: Barnes & Bobel, 1964.
Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility: A history of translation.
London: Routledge, 1995.
Venuti, Lawrence, ed. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge, 2000.
Venuti, Lawrence, ed. The Translation Studies Reader. 3rd ed. London/
New York: Routledge, 2012.
Yu, Chengfa. “On Qian Zhongshu’s Theory of Sublimity.” Perspectives:
Studies in Translatology, 14/3 (2007): 214-229
Waley, Arthur. “Notes on Translation,” The Atlantic Monthly, 11 (1958): 107-112.
Wang, Guowei王國維. Renjian cihua人間詞話 [Notes and Comments on Ci Poetry]. Translated and annotated by Ma Ziyi馬自毅and revised by Gao Guihui高桂惠. Taipei: Sanmin, 1994.
Zhang, Longxi. The Tao and the Logos: Literary Hermeneutics, East and West. Durham & London: Duke University Press, 1992.
Zhang, Longxi. Mighty Opposites: From Dichotomies to Differences in the Comparative Study of China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
Zhang, Longxi. Allegoresis: Reading Canonical Literature East and West. New York: Cornell University Press, 2005.
Zhang, Longxi. “Divine Authority, Reference Culture, and the Concept of Translation.” Taiwan Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 9/ 1 (Issue 17) (June 2012): 1-23.
Zhang, Longxi. “The Relevance of Weltliterature.” Poetica, Vol. 45, No. 3/4 (2013): 241-247.
Zhang, Longxi. From Comparison to World Literature. New York: State University of New York Press, 2015.

WORKS IN CHINESE
Cai, Xinle蔡新樂. Wenxue Fanyi de Yishu Zhexue文學翻譯的藝術哲學[The Art Philosophy of Literary Translation]. Henan: Henan University Press, 2001.
Chen, Fukang陳福康. Zhongguo Yixue Lilun Shigao中國譯學理論史稿[Draft History of Chinese Translation Theory]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1992.
Chyi, Songling齊嵩齡. “譯者主體性與語言生態” [Translators’ Subjectivity and Linguistic Ecology], Compilation and Translation Review編譯論叢, Vol. 8, No. 2 (September 2015), 1-30.
Cui, Younglu崔永祿. “Chuantong de duanlie—weirao Qian Zhongshu xiansheng ‘huajing’ lilun de sikao傳統的斷裂—圍繞錢鍾書先生「化境」理論的思考” [The break with the tradition—thoughts on Qian Zhongshu’s huajing], Foreign Languages and Their Teaching外語與外語教學, 3 (2006): 46-48.
Guo, Tingyi郭廷以. Jindai Zhongguo de Bianju近代中國的變局 [The Transformation of Modern China]. Taipei: Linking Publishing, 1987.
Huang, Hanping黃漢平. “Toward a Cultural Perspective on Textual Abridgement and Supplement in Literary Translation—A Critical Reading of Qian Zhongshu’s Essay Lin Shu’s Translation文學翻譯中刪節原作和增補原作現象的文化透視：兼論錢鍾書林紓的翻譯,” in Chinese Translators Journal中國翻譯, 4 (2003): 26-29
Hui Jiao慧皎, Xinyi Gaoseng Chuan新譯高僧傳 [The New Interpretation of the Memoirs of Eminent Monks], interpreted and annotated by Zhu Hengfu朱恆夫, Wang Xuejun王學鈞, Zhaoyi趙益. Taipei: Sanmin, 2005.
Ji, jin季進. Weicheng Li De Zhizhe: Qian Zhongshu圍城裡的智者：錢鍾書 [The Wise Man in the Fortress Besieged: Qian Zhongshu]. Taipei: The Liberal Arts Press, 2002.
Jin, Shengtan金聖歎. Edited by Lu Lin陸林. Jin Shengtan Quanji金聖歎
全集 [The Complete Works of Jin Shengtan]. 6 vols. Nanjing: Phoenix
Publishing, 2008.
Kwan, Uganda Sze-pui關詩珮. “從林紓看文學翻譯規範由晚清中國到五四的轉變：西化、現代化和以原著為中心的觀念” [Westernization, Modernization, and Concept of Basing on the Source Text: A Study of the Transformation of Norm in Literary Translation from Late Qing to May Forth with Lin Shu as a Case Study], Journal of Chinese Studies中國文化研究所學報, 48 (2008): 343-371.
Lai, Xianzong賴賢宗. Yijing Meixue yu Quanshi Xue 意境美學與詮釋學
[Aesthetics of Realm and Hermeneutics]. Taipei: National History Museum, 2003.
Lao, Sze-kwang勞思光. Xujing yu Xiwang: Lun Dangdai Zhexue yu Wenhua虛境與希望：論當代哲學與文化 [Illusion and Hope: On Contemporary Philosophy and Culture]. Edited by Lau Kwok-ying劉國英. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Li, Baowei李葆衛, “Huajing yingyi bianxi” 化境英譯辨析 [The differentiation and analysis of the English translations of Huajing]. Foreign Language and Literature Research外國語文研究, 3/ 6 (2017): 58-65.
Liang, Qichao梁啟超. Foxue yanjiu shibapian佛學研究十八篇 [Studies in
Buddhism: Eighteen Essays]. Shanghai: Shanghai Chinese Classics Press, 2001.
Liu, Jingzhi劉靖之. Shensi yu Xingsi神似與形似 [Spiritual Resemblance and Formal Resemblance]. Taipei: Bookman, 1996.
Luo, Xinzhang羅新璋 and Cheng, Yingnian陳應年, eds. Fanyi Lunji 翻譯論集 [An Anthology of Essays on Translation]. Beijing: Commercial Press, 2009.
Luo, Xuangmin羅選民. “On Qian Zhongshu’s Concepts of Literary Translation [論錢鍾書的文學翻譯觀],” Asia Pacific Interdisciplinary Translation Studies亞太跨學科翻譯研究, 1 (2015): 1-16.
Peng, Hsiaoyen彭小妍, ed. Wenhua Fanyi yu Wenben Mailuo: Wanming yijiang de Zhongguo riben yu xifang文化翻譯與文本脈絡：晚明以降的中國、日本與西方 [Cultural Translation and Textual Context: China, Japan, and the West since the Late Ming]. Taipei: Academia Sinica, 2013.
Qian, Zhongshu錢鍾書. Tan Yi Lu談藝錄 [Discourses on the Art of Literature]. Taipei: Bookman, 1988.
Qian, Zhongshu錢鍾書. Xiezai rensheng bianshang & Ren shou gui寫在人生邊上&人獸鬼 [On the Margins of Life & Human, Beasts, and Ghosts]. Taipei: Bookman, 1989.
Qian Zhongshu錢鍾書. Qi zhui ji七綴集 [Seven stitched-together essays]. Taipei: Bookman, 1990.
Qian, Zhongshu錢鍾書. Guan zhui bian管錐編 [Pipe-Awl Chapters], 5 vols. Taipei: Bookman, 1990.
Qian Zhongshu錢鍾書, Qian Zhongshu Sanwen錢鍾書散文 [Qian Zhongshu’s Selected Essays], Zhejiang: Zhejiang wenyi publisher, 1997.
Seng You僧祐. Chu sancang jiji出三藏記集 [A Collection of Records on the Emanation of the Chinese Tripitaka]. Beijing: Zhonghua, 1995.
Shan, Te-Hsing單德興. Fanyi yu mailuo翻譯與脈絡 [Translation and Contexts]. Taipei: Bookman, 2013.
Shen, Bing沈冰, ed. Bu Yi Yang de Jiyi: yu Qian Zhongshu Zai Yiqi不一樣的記憶：與錢鐘書在一起 [Different Memory: Staying with Qian Zhongshu]. Beijing: Dangdai Shijie Publishing, 1999.
Tsiang, Tingfu蔣廷黻. Zhongguo Jindaishi Lunji: Tsiang Tingfu Waijiaoshi Zhuzuoxuan中國近代史論集：蔣廷黻外交史著作選 [The Collection of Essays on Modern Chinese History: a collection of Tsiang Tingfu’s Diplomatic history]. Edited by Tsai Dengshan蔡登山. Taipei: Xinrui Wenchuang, 2017.
Wong, Youngtsu汪榮祖. Huaiju Xinshi: Qian Zhongshu de Ziwo jiqi Weishijie槐聚心史：錢鍾書的自我及其微世界 [The Historical Account of Qian Zhongshu’s Mind: His ego and inner world]. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press, 2014.
Xie, Tianzhen謝天振. Miscellany from A Shanghai Scholar海上雜談. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2018.
Yang, Bojun楊伯峻, ed. Chunqiu zuochuan zhu春秋左傳注 [Study of the Zuo Commentary Tradition of the Spring and Autumn Annals]. Taipei: Hungyeh,1993.
Yang, Jiang楊絳. Women Sa我們仨 [We Three]. Taipei: China Times Publishing, 2003.
Yang, Lianfen楊聯芬. Liudong de Shujian: Wanqing yu Wusi Wenxue guanxilun流動的瞬間：晚清與五四文學關係論 [The Movement of Flowing: Thesis on the Literary Relation between Late Qing and the May Fourth Period]. Taipei: Showwe, 2006.
Ye, Jiaying葉嘉瑩. Wang Guowei jiqi wenxue piping王國維及其文學批評 [Wang Guowei and his Literary Criticism]. Taipei: Lauréat Publications, 1992.
Yuan Ruan阮元, ed. Shisan Jing Zhushu十三經注述 [The Thirteen Classics with Annotations], 2 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua, 1980.
Wang, Hongyin王宏印. Zhongguo chuantong yilun jingdian quanshi—cong Dao An dao Fu Lei中國傳統譯論經典詮釋：從道安到傅雷 [Critique of Translation Theories in Chinese Tradition: From Dao An to Fu Lei]. Wuhan: Hubei Education Press, 2003.
Zhang, Longxi張隆溪. Zouchu Wenhua de Fengbi Quan走出文化的封閉圈 [Out of the Cultural Ghetto]. Hong Kong: The Commercial Press, 2000.
Zhou, Yangshan周陽山and Yang, Suxian楊肅獻, eds. Jindai Zhongguo Sixiang Renwulun: Wan Qing Sixiang近代中國思想人物論：晚清思想 [A Collection of Essays on the Contemporary Chinese Intellectuals: The Late Qing Dynasty], Taipei: China Times Publishing, 1980.
Zhou, Yukai 周裕鍇. Zhongguo gudai chanshi xue yanjiu 中國古代闡釋學研究 [A Study of Ancient Chinese Hermeneutics]. Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin Publisher, 2003.