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研究生: 劉妙君
Liu, Miao-Jun
論文名稱: 越語母語者之中文被字句習得探究
Second Language Acquisition of ‘Bei’Sentence in Mandarin Chinese: Evidence from Vietnamese Native Speakers
指導教授: 謝芳燕
Hsieh, Fang-Yan
口試委員: 陳純音
Chen, Doris Chun-yin
張莉萍
Chang, Li-ping
謝芳燕
Hsieh, Fang-Yan
口試日期: 2019/01/11
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 華語文教學系
Department of Chinese as a Second Language
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 94
中文關鍵詞: 二語習得失敗的功能性表徵假說表徵重組假說解釋性表徵假說被字句
英文關鍵詞: Second Language Acquisition, Feature Reassembly Hypothesis, Failed Functional Features Hypothesis, Interpretability Hypothesis, 'Bei' Sentence
研究方法: 實驗設計法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400003
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:99下載:11
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  • 本研究在生成語法的研究框架下,探討越語為母語的學習者習得中文被字句的過程及結果。被字句為中文中一特殊句式,越語中也存在的相對應結構,是為 bi 字句,兩者都有[被動]表徵,但主要有以下三點差異。第一,中文被字句除了受事者、「被」字、動詞和施事者,還須加上補充語成分;在越語中,補充成分是可有可無。第二,中文被字句只能和及物動詞連用,不能與不及物動詞連用;而越語被字句則兩者皆可。第三,中文被字句能用來表達正面或負面的語境;越語只能表達負面的語境。
    如上所述,越語為母語的學習者學習中文被字句時,需要(1)屏除[不需補充成分]表徵;(2)習得[正面語境]表徵;及(3)屏除[與不及物動詞連用]表徵,因此,本研究藉以檢測相關的二語習得理論,分別為表徵重組假說(FRH)、失敗的功能性表徵假說(FFFH)和解釋性表徵假說(IH),採用「文法判斷測驗」和「完成句子測驗」兩種實驗方法,以三組不同語言程度的越南籍中文學習者作為實驗組以及一組中文母語者作為對照組。
    結果顯示,屏除[+不需補充成分]及[+與不及物動詞連用]相較於習得[+正面語境]表徵而言容易許多,連高級學習者皆未習得[+正面語境]表徵。
    此結果反駁 FRH 和 IH,在語意層面上卻支持 FFFH。FRH 認為完全習得第二語言是可能的,而本研究的數據卻顯示學習者只習得了[+不需補充成分]表徵和[+不及物動詞]表徵,無法習得[+正面語境]表徵。IH 主張學習者只能習得語意取向的表徵,無法習得語法取向的表徵,然而本研究卻顯示學習者成功屏除[+不需補充成分]的語法表徵,對於[+正面語境]的語意表徵則習得失敗。實驗的結果在語意層面上大致支持 FFFH,連高級母語者都無法習得母語中不存在的[+正面語境]表徵,說明二語習得是有缺陷的。

    This study aims to investigate the developmental process and learning outcome of Chinese ‘Bei’ sentences by Vietnamese speakers. ‘Bei’ constructions is a special structure in Chinese. There is also a corresponding ‘Bei’ structure in Vietnamese, which is specified by ‘bi’. Both ‘Bei’ and “bi” carry a [passive] feature. However, there are three main differences between the two. First, ‘Bei’ sentences in Chinese is constructed by patient、‘Bei’、verb、agent and complement elements. But in Vietnamese, complement elements are not required. Second, Chinese ‘Bei’ can only be used in sentences with transitive verbs; Vietnamese ’Bi’ can be used in sentences with transitive verbs or intransitive verbs. Third, Chinese ‘Bei’ carries [positive] and [negative] features; however, Vietnamese ’Bi’ carries only [negative] feature.

    As noted above, when Vietnamese Speakers learn Chinese ‘Bei’ constructions, they need to (1) inhibit the [complement unrequirement] feature; (2) acquire the [positive] feature; and (3) inhibit the [intransitive verb] feature. This study re-examines the related SLA theories, such as Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (FRH) and Failed Functional Features Hypothesis (FFFH) and Interpretability Hypothesis (IH). We adopt two experimental methods, which are Grammaticality Judgement Test and Sentence Completion Test. The participants are three Vietnamese learner groups at different language proficiency levels as experiment groups and one Chinese native
    speaker group as a control group.

    According to the result, inhibiting the [intransitive verb] and [complement
    unrequirement] features is easier than acquiring the [positive] feature for the Vietnamese Speakers. Even the highest level of Chinese learners could not succeed in acquiring the [positive] feature.

    The results refute FRH and IH, but support FFFH at the level of semantic. FRH assumes that learners can acquire the second language after features reassembled, but the results report that learners can’t acquire the [positive] feature. IH advocates that learners can only acquire interpretability features, not uninterpretability features, however the result demonstrates the success of inhibiting the [complement unrequirement] feature and the failure of acquiring the [positive] feature. As FFFH assumes, the reason why the highest level of Chinese learners failed acquiring the [positive] feature is there is no [positive] feature in their mother language. The results of the experiment support FFFH at the level of semantic, evidencing that second language acquiring is not possible.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 理論背景 1 第三節 本文架構 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 第一節 中文被字句、越語 bi 字句之研究 3 一、中文被字句分析 3 二、越語 bi 字句分析 10 三、中文被字句及越語 bi 字句的比較 16 第二節 第二語言習得的理論分析 17 一、失敗的功能性表徵假說 17 二、解釋性表徵假說 18 三、表徵重組假說 19 四、三個假說間的異同 21 第三節 研究問題 22 第三章 研究方法 24 第一節 研究對象 24 第二節 實驗材料與工具 25 一、文法接受度測驗 25 二、完成句子測驗 29 第三節 實驗流程 31 第四節 實驗數據處理 33 一、文法接受度測驗 33 二、完成句子測驗 35 第五節 前測結果 36 第四章 實驗結果 37 第一節 [+需補充成分]表徵 38 一、文法接受度測驗 38 二、完成句子測驗 42 第二節 [+與不及物動詞連用]表徵 46 一、文法接受度測驗 46 二、完成句子測驗 50 第三節 [+正面語境]表徵 55 一、文法接受度測驗 55 二、完成句子測驗 59 第五章 討論 63 第一節 [+不需補充成分]表徵的屏除 63 第二節 [+正面語境]表徵的習得 66 第三節 [+與不及物動詞連用]表徵的屏除 71 第四節 小結 75 第六章 結論 78 第一節 研究總結 78 第二節 教學上的應用延伸 79 第三節 研究限制與展望 80 參考文獻 82 附錄 84

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