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研究生: 鄧小美
Viet Dai Dang
論文名稱: 火蟻的社會行為:解析蟻后 - 工蟻的嗅覺互動
Social behavior in Fire ants: Dissecting the Queen – Worker olfactory interaction
指導教授: 王忠信
John Wang
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 生命科學系
Department of Life Science
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 195
英文關鍵詞: Queen discrimination behavior, monogyne, polygyne, breakpoints, worker antennae, worker brain, odorant binding protein, neofunctionalization, Solenopsis invicta
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900779
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:86下載:5
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  • Queen discrimination behavior in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta maintains its two types of societies: colonies with one (monogyne) or many (polygyne) queens, yet the underlying genetic mechanism is poorly understood. This behavior is controlled by two supergene alleles, SB and Sb, encompassing ~600 genes. Polygyne workers, having either the SB/SB or SB/Sb genotype, accept additional SB/Sb queens into their colonies but kill SB/SB queens. In contrast, monogyne workers, all having the SB/SB genotype, reject all additional queens regardless of genotypes.
    Our main question is: How do polygyne workers recognize the queen’s genotype? To address this question, we dissected it into three parts: the social chromosome investigation, signal perception and making decision in the worker, and signal production in the queen.
    In the social chromosome investigation, we questioned how the supergene evolved and shaped the social polymorphism in the fire ant. To address this question, we tried to super-scaffold the social chromosome and identified the supergene boundaries. We super-scaffolded seven scaffolds and five contigs, and identified the outer most breakpoint of the supergene. Additionally, we found that the supergene formation likely changed the cis-regulation of breakpoint adjacent genes.
    From the worker side, we hypothesized that the evolution of differential expression of key genes in their antennae and brains affects the difference in sensing queens and making queen acceptance/rejection decision, respectively, by the alternate worker genotypes. We sequenced RNA of pooled antennae, and pooled brains from three groups of workers: monogyne SB/SB, polygyne SB/SB, and polygyne SB/Sb. We identified 81 and 98 differentially expressed genes in the antennae and brains, respectively. Detailed analysis on odorant binding protein SiOBP12 revealed SiOBP12 has an Sb-specific duplication, SiOBP12b’, which may have evolved, in part, through expression neofunctionalization. From brain RNA-seq analysis, we highlighted two putative signaling transmission genes.
    From the queen side, we aimed to find the source of the supergene chemical cues. We hypothesized the body part which habors the source of the cues will elicit the queen discrimination behavior consistently between two closed rubbing times. To test this, we used rubbing experiments on different body parts of matured virgin queens. Our results suggested the abdomen likely contains the source of the cues.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement iii Abstract v Contribution vii Table of contents viii List of tables xi List of figures xiii BACKGROUND 1 CHAPTER 1: Super-scaffolding the social chromosome and the boundaries of an inversion region 10 Introduction 10 Materials and Methods 13 Results and Discussion 18 Super-scaffolding the social chromosome using BAC screening 18 Breakpoint identification 20 The effect of breakpoint on adjacent gene expression 22 Conclusions 24 Tables and Figures 26 CHAPTER 2: Has gene expression neofunctionalization in the fire ant antennae contributed to queen discrimination behavior? 42 Introduction 42 Materials and Methods 45 Results 59 Worker antennal RNA sequencing 59 Differentially expressed genes in the antennae of the three fire ant worker classes 59 The differentially expressed odorant perception genes have copy number variation 62 Possible neofunctionalization of SiOBP12b’ 64 Discussions 67 Antennal gene expression differences between the three worker classes are mainly from transposable elements, chemical metabolism, and perception genes 68 SiOBP12b’: a candidate for the queen discrimination? 70 SiOBP12b’: neofunctionalization, adaptation, or demography 71 SiOBP12: a pseudogene or functional pseudogene? 72 Conclusions 73 Figures 74 Supplementary materials 81 CHAPTER 3: Worker decision in the queen discrimination behavior via brain gene expression 109 Introduction 109 Materials and Methods 111 Results and Discussion 115 Worker brain RNA sequencing 115 Differentially expressed genes in the worker brains 115 Conclusions 117 Tables and Figures 119 Supplementary materials 127 CHAPTER 4: Localize the source of queen cuticular chemical cues of the queen discrimination behavior 130 Introduction 130 Materials and Methods 132 Results 137 Isolation test 137 The re-introduction test 138 The introduction test 139 The rubbing test 141 Discussion 143 Conclusions 146 Tables and Figures 148 CHAPTER 5: Conclusions and Future studies 174 REFERENCES 177

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