簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 鄧小美
Viet Dai Dang
論文名稱: 火蟻的社會行為:解析蟻后 - 工蟻的嗅覺互動
Social behavior in Fire ants: Dissecting the Queen – Worker olfactory interaction
指導教授: 王忠信
John Wang
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 生命科學系
Department of Life Science
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 195
英文關鍵詞: Queen discrimination behavior, monogyne, polygyne, breakpoints, worker antennae, worker brain, odorant binding protein, neofunctionalization, Solenopsis invicta
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900779
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:104下載:5
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • Queen discrimination behavior in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta maintains its two types of societies: colonies with one (monogyne) or many (polygyne) queens, yet the underlying genetic mechanism is poorly understood. This behavior is controlled by two supergene alleles, SB and Sb, encompassing ~600 genes. Polygyne workers, having either the SB/SB or SB/Sb genotype, accept additional SB/Sb queens into their colonies but kill SB/SB queens. In contrast, monogyne workers, all having the SB/SB genotype, reject all additional queens regardless of genotypes.
    Our main question is: How do polygyne workers recognize the queen’s genotype? To address this question, we dissected it into three parts: the social chromosome investigation, signal perception and making decision in the worker, and signal production in the queen.
    In the social chromosome investigation, we questioned how the supergene evolved and shaped the social polymorphism in the fire ant. To address this question, we tried to super-scaffold the social chromosome and identified the supergene boundaries. We super-scaffolded seven scaffolds and five contigs, and identified the outer most breakpoint of the supergene. Additionally, we found that the supergene formation likely changed the cis-regulation of breakpoint adjacent genes.
    From the worker side, we hypothesized that the evolution of differential expression of key genes in their antennae and brains affects the difference in sensing queens and making queen acceptance/rejection decision, respectively, by the alternate worker genotypes. We sequenced RNA of pooled antennae, and pooled brains from three groups of workers: monogyne SB/SB, polygyne SB/SB, and polygyne SB/Sb. We identified 81 and 98 differentially expressed genes in the antennae and brains, respectively. Detailed analysis on odorant binding protein SiOBP12 revealed SiOBP12 has an Sb-specific duplication, SiOBP12b’, which may have evolved, in part, through expression neofunctionalization. From brain RNA-seq analysis, we highlighted two putative signaling transmission genes.
    From the queen side, we aimed to find the source of the supergene chemical cues. We hypothesized the body part which habors the source of the cues will elicit the queen discrimination behavior consistently between two closed rubbing times. To test this, we used rubbing experiments on different body parts of matured virgin queens. Our results suggested the abdomen likely contains the source of the cues.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement iii Abstract v Contribution vii Table of contents viii List of tables xi List of figures xiii BACKGROUND 1 CHAPTER 1: Super-scaffolding the social chromosome and the boundaries of an inversion region 10 Introduction 10 Materials and Methods 13 Results and Discussion 18 Super-scaffolding the social chromosome using BAC screening 18 Breakpoint identification 20 The effect of breakpoint on adjacent gene expression 22 Conclusions 24 Tables and Figures 26 CHAPTER 2: Has gene expression neofunctionalization in the fire ant antennae contributed to queen discrimination behavior? 42 Introduction 42 Materials and Methods 45 Results 59 Worker antennal RNA sequencing 59 Differentially expressed genes in the antennae of the three fire ant worker classes 59 The differentially expressed odorant perception genes have copy number variation 62 Possible neofunctionalization of SiOBP12b’ 64 Discussions 67 Antennal gene expression differences between the three worker classes are mainly from transposable elements, chemical metabolism, and perception genes 68 SiOBP12b’: a candidate for the queen discrimination? 70 SiOBP12b’: neofunctionalization, adaptation, or demography 71 SiOBP12: a pseudogene or functional pseudogene? 72 Conclusions 73 Figures 74 Supplementary materials 81 CHAPTER 3: Worker decision in the queen discrimination behavior via brain gene expression 109 Introduction 109 Materials and Methods 111 Results and Discussion 115 Worker brain RNA sequencing 115 Differentially expressed genes in the worker brains 115 Conclusions 117 Tables and Figures 119 Supplementary materials 127 CHAPTER 4: Localize the source of queen cuticular chemical cues of the queen discrimination behavior 130 Introduction 130 Materials and Methods 132 Results 137 Isolation test 137 The re-introduction test 138 The introduction test 139 The rubbing test 141 Discussion 143 Conclusions 146 Tables and Figures 148 CHAPTER 5: Conclusions and Future studies 174 REFERENCES 177

    Accili D, Fishburn CS, Drago J, Steiner H, Lachowicz JE, Park BH, Gauda EB, Lee EJ, Cool MH, Sibley DR, et al. 1996. A targeted mutation of the D3 dopamine receptor gene is associated with hyperactivity in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93(5):1945–1949.
    Allen CR, Birge HE, Slater J, Wiggers E. 2017. The invasive ant, Solenopsis invicta, reduces herpetofauna richness and abundance. Biol. Invasions 19(2):713–722.
    Allen HR, Miller DM. 2015. Field evaluations of broadcast and individual mound treatment for red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) control in Virginia. Sociobiology 62(1)(1):10–17.
    Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. 1990. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215(3):403–410.
    Ament S a, Corona M, Pollock HS, Robinson GE. 2008. Insulin signaling is involved in the regulation of worker division of labor in honey bee colonies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105(11):4226–4231.
    Aminetzach YT, Macpherson JM, Petrov DA. 2005. Pesticide resistance via transposition-mediated adaptive gene truncation in Drosophila. Science. 309(5735):764–768.
    Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. 2004. Quantitative genetic analyses of complex behaviours in Drosophila. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5(11):838–849.
    Ascunce MS, Yang C-C, Oakey J, Calcaterra L, Wu W-J, Shih C-J, Goudet J, Ross KG, Shoemaker D. 2011. Global invasion history of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Science. 331(6020):1066–1068.
    Van der Auwera GA, Carneiro MO, Hartl C, Poplin R, Del Angel G, Levy-Moonshine A, Jordan T, Shakir K, Roazen D, Thibault J, et al. 2002. From FastQ data to high confidence variant calls: the Genome Analysis Toolkit best practices pipeline. Curr. Protoc. Bioinforma. 11(1110).
    Baker M. 2012. De novo genome assembly: what every biologist should know. Nat. Methods 9(4):333–337.
    Bassett AR, Tibbit C, Ponting CP, Liu JL. 2013. Highly efficient targeted mutagenesis of Drosophila with the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Cell Rep. 4(1):220–228.
    Beggs KT, Glendining KA, Marechal NM, Vergoz V, Nakamura I, Slessor KN, Mercer AR. 2007. Queen pheromone modulates brain dopamine function in worker honey bees. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(7):2460–2464.
    Beggs KT, Mercer AR. 2009. Dopamine receptor activation by honey bee queen pheromone. Curr. Biol. 19(14):1206–1209.
    Van den Berg MJ, Ziegelberger G. 1991. On the function of the pheromone binding protein in the olfactory hairs of Antheraea polyphemus. J. Insect Physiol. 37(1):79–85.
    Berke JD, Hyman SE. 2000. Addiction, dopamine, and the molecular mechanisms of memory. Neuron 25(3):515–532.
    Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
    Billen J. 2009. Occurrence and structural organization of the exocrine glands in the legs of ants. Arthropod Struct. Dev. 38(1):2–15.
    Boettner GH, Elkinton JS, Boettner CJ. 2000. Effects of a biological control introduction on three nontarget native species of Saturniid moths. Conserv. Biol. 14(6):1798–1806.
    Bortesi L, Fischer R. 2015. The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond. Biotechnol. Adv. 33(1):41–52.
    Bourke A, Franks NR. 1961. Social evolution in ants. Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton University Press
    Brindis Y, Lachaud JP, Gomez y Gomez B, Rojas JC, Malo EA, Cruz-Lopez L. 2008. Behavioral and olfactory antennal responses of Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers to their Dufour gland secretion. Neotrop. Entomol. 37(2):131–136.
    CABI. Invasive Species Compendium.
    Calixto AA, Harris MK, Knutson A, Barr CL. 2007. Native ant responses to Solenopsis invicta Buren reduction using broadcast baits. Environ. Entomol. 36(5):1112–1123.
    Calkins TL, Chen ME, Arora AK, Hawkings C, Tamborindeguy C, Pietrantonio P V. 2018. Brain gene expression analyses in virgin and mated queens of fire ants reveal mating-independent and socially regulated changes. Ecol. Evol.(January):1–16.
    Calvello M, Guerra N, Brandazza A, D’Ambrosio C, Scaloni A, Dani FR, Turillazzi S, Pelosi P. 2003. Soluble proteins of chemical communication in the social wasp Polistes dominulus. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 60(9):1933–1943.
    Cano-Ramírez C, López MF, Cesar-Ayala AK, Pineda-Martínez V, Sullivan BT, Zúñiga G. 2013. Isolation and expression of cytochrome P450 genes in the antennae and gut of pine beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) following exposure to host monoterpenes. Gene 520(1):47–63.
    Canver MC, Bauer DE, Dass A, Yien YY, Chung J, Masuda T, Maeda T, Paw BH, Orkin SH. 2014. Characterization of genomic deletion efficiency mediated by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/cas9 nuclease system in mammalian cells. J. Biol. Chem. 289(31):21312–21324.
    Carvalho FP. 2006. Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety. Environ. Sci. Policy 9(7–8):685–692.
    Casacuberta E, González J. 2013. The impact of transposable elements in environmental adaptation. Mol. Ecol. 22(6):1503–1517.
    Castellanos AA, Medeiros MCI, Hamer GL, Morrow ME, Eubanks MD, Teel PD, Hamer SA, Light JE. 2016. Decreased small mammal and on-host tick abundance in association with invasive red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta). Biol. Lett. 12(9):20160463.
    Chamseddin KH, Khan SQ, Nguyen MLH, Antosh M, Morris SNS, Kolli S, Neretti N, Helfand SL, Bauer JH. 2012. takeout-dependent longevity is associated with altered Juvenile Hormone signaling. Mech. Ageing Dev. 133(11–12):637–646.
    Charlesworth D. 2016. The status of supergenes in the 21st century: Recombination suppression in Batesian mimicry and sex chromosomes and other complex adaptations. Evol. Appl. 9(1):74–90.
    Chen C, Buhl E, Xu M, Croset V, Rees JS, Lilley KS, Benton R, Hodge JJL, Stanewsky R. 2015. Drosophila Ionotropic Receptor 25a mediates circadian clock resetting by temperature. Nature 527(7579):516–520.
    Chen ZC, Yokosho K, Kashino M, Zhao F-J, Yamaji N, Ma JF. 2013. Adaptation to acidic soil is achieved by increased numbers of cis -acting elements regulating ALMT1 expression in Holcus lanatus. Plant J. 76(1):10–23.
    Cheng D, Lu Y, Zeng L, Liang G, He X. 2015. Si-CSP9 regulates the integument and moulting process of larvae in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Sci. Rep. 5:9245.
    Choe DH, Ramírez SR, Tsutsui ND. 2012. A silica gel based method for extracting insect surface hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Ecol. 38(2):176–187.
    Cleves PA, Ellis NA, Jimenez MT, Nunez SM, Schluter D, Kingsley DM, Miller CT. 2014. Evolved tooth gain in sticklebacks is associated with a cis-regulatory allele of Bmp6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111(38):13912–13917.
    Cohanim AB, Amsalem E, Saad R, Shoemaker DW, Privman E. 2018. Evolution of olfactory functions on the fire ant social chromosome. Genome Biol. Evol. 10(11):2947–2960.
    Colhoun EH, Smith M V. 1960. Neurohormonal properties of royal jelly. Nature 188(4753):854–855.
    Cook LM. 2003. The rise and fall of the carbonaria form of the peppered moth. Q. Rev. Biol. 78(4):399–417.
    Darling ACE, Mau B, Blattner FR, Perna NT. 2004. Mauve: Multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements. Genome Res. 14(7):1394–1403.
    DePristo MA, Banks E, Poplin R, Garimella K V, Maguire JR, Hartl C, Philippakis AA, del Angel G, Rivas MA, Hanna M, et al. 2011. A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data. Nat. Genet. 43(5):491–498.
    Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech J-M. 2007. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52(1):81–106.
    Diaz Heijtz R, Wang S, Anuar F, Qian Y, Björkholm B, Samuelsson A, Hibberd ML, Forssberg H, Pettersson S. 2011. Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108(7):3047–3052.
    Dixon G, Kitano J, Kirkpatrick M. 2019. The origin of a new sex chromosome by introgression between two stickleback fishes.Sayres MW, editor. Mol. Biol. Evol. 36(1):28–38.
    Dobzhansky T, Sturtevant AH. 1938. Inversions in the chromosomes of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 23(1):28–64.
    Duffy JE. 1996. Eusociality in a coral-reef shrimp. Nature 381(6582):512–514.
    Dyer FC. 2002. The biology of the dance language. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47:917–949.
    El-Sayed AM, Suckling DM, Byers JA, Jang EB, Wearing CH. 2009. Potential of “Lure and Kill” in long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species. J. Econ. Entomol. 102(3):815–835.
    Eliyahu D, Ross KG, Haight KL, Keller L, Liebig J. 2011. Venom alkaloid and cuticular hydrocarbon profiles are associated with social organization, queen fertility status, and queen genotype in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. J. Chem. Ecol. 37(11):1242–1254.
    Ellegren H, Parsch J. 2007. The evolution of sex-biased genes and sex-biased gene expression. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8(9):689–698.
    Elsner D, Meusemann K, Korb J. 2018. Longevity and transposon defense, the case of termite reproductives. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 115(21):5504–5509.
    Fletcher DJC, Blum MS. 1981. Pheromonal control of dealation and oogenesis in virgin queen fire ants. Science. 212.
    Fletcher DJC, Blum MS. 1983. The inhibitory pheromone of queen fire ants: effects of disinhibition on dealation and oviposition by virgin queens. J. Comp. Physiol. A 153(4):467–475.
    Fletcher DJC, Cherix D, Blum MS. 1983. Some factors influencing dealation by virgin queen fire ants. Insectes Soc. 30(4):443–454.
    Fontana S, Chang N-C, Chang T, Lee C-C, Dang V-D, Wang J. The fire ant social supergene is characterized by extensive gene and transposable element copy number variation (in review).
    Franks NR, Richardson T. 2006. Teaching in tandem-running ants. Nature 439(7073):153.
    Fu L, Niu B, Zhu Z, Wu S, Li W. 2012. CD-HIT: accelerated for clustering the next-generation sequencing data. Bioinformatics 28(23):3150–3152.
    Ginzel MD. 2010. Hydrocarbons as contact pheromones of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). In: Blomquist GJ, Bagneres A-G, editors. Insect Hydrocarbons Biology, Biochemistry, and Chemical Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 375–389.
    Glickstein SB, Hof PR, Schmauss C. 2002. Mice lacking dopamine D2 and D3 receptors have spatial working memory deficits. J. Neurosci. 22(13):5619–5629.
    Goff L, Trapnell C, Kelley D. 2013. cummeRbund: Analysis, exploration, manipulation, and visualization of Cufflinks high-throughput sequencing data. R package version 2.12.1.
    González D, Zhao QQ, McMahan C, Velasquez D, Haskins WE, Sponsel V, Cassill A, Renthal R. 2009. The major antennal chemosensory protein of red imported fire ant workers. Insect Mol. Biol. 18(3):395–404.
    Gotzek D, Clarke J, Shoemaker D. 2010. Mitochondrial genome evolution in fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). BMC Evol. Biol. 10(1):300.
    Gotzek D, Robertson HM, Wurm Y, Shoemaker D. 2011. Odorant binding proteins of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta: An example of the problems facing the analysis of widely divergent proteins. PLoS One 6(1):e16289.
    Gotzek D, Ross KG. 2007. Genetic regulation of colony social organization in fire ants: An intergrative overview. Q. Rev. Biol. 82(3):201–226.
    Gotzek D, Ross KG. 2008. Experimental conversion of colony social organization in fire ants (Solenopsis invicta): Worker genotype manipulation in the absence of queen effects. J. Insect Behav. 21(5):337–350.
    Gotzek D, Ross KG. 2009. Current status of a model system: The gene Gp-9 and its association with social organization in fire ants. PLoS One 4(11):e7713.
    Graves JAM. 2006. Sex chromosome specialization and degeneration in mammals. Cell 124(5):901–914.
    Grozinger CM, Fan Y, Hoover SER, Winston ML. 2007. Genome-wide analysis reveals differences in brain gene expression patterns associated with caste and reproductive status in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Mol. Ecol. 16(22):4837–4848.
    Guo W, Wang X, Ma Z, Xue L, Han J, Yu D, Kang L. 2011. CSP and Takeout genes modulate the switch between attraction and repulsion during behavioral phase change in the migratory locust. PLoS Genet. 7(2):e1001291.
    Hale MC, McKinney GJ, Thrower FP, Nichols KM. 2018. Evidence of sex-bias in gene expression in the brain transcriptome of two populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with divergent life histories. PLoS One 13(2):e0193009.
    Hallar BL, Krieger MJB, Ross KG. 2007. Potential cause of lethality of an allele implicated in social evolution in fire ants. Genetica 131(1):69–79.
    Hamiaux C, Stanley D, Greenwood DR, Baker EN, Newcomb RD. 2009. Crystal structure of Epiphyas postvittana Takeout 1 with bound ubiquinone supports a role as ligand carriers for takeout proteins in insects. J. Biol. Chem. 284(6):3496–3503.
    Hammond A, Galizi R, Kyrou K, Simoni A, Siniscalchi C, Katsanos D, Gribble M, Baker D, Marois E, Russell S, et al. 2016. A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive system targeting female reproduction in the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae. Nat. Biotechnol. 34(1):78–83.
    Harrell FEJ, Dupont C, et al. 2019. Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. R package version 4.2-0. Available from: https://cran.r-project.org/package=Hmisc
    Harrison MC, Hammond RL, Mallon EB. 2015. Reproductive workers show queenlike gene expression in an intermediately eusocial insect, the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Mol. Ecol. 24(12):3043–3063.
    Hemelrijk CK, Hildenbrandt H. 2012. Schools of fish and flocks of birds: their shape and internal structure by self-organization. Interface Focus 2(6):726–737.
    Hendricks JC. 2003. Invited Review: Sleeping flies don’t lie: the use of Drosophila melanogaster to study sleep and circadian rhythms. J. Appl. Physiol. 94(4):1660–1672.
    Hines HM, Hunt JH, O’Connor TK, Gillespie JJ, Cameron SA. 2007. Multigene phylogeny reveals eusociality evolved twice in vespid wasps. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(9):3295–3299.
    Hof AE van’t, Campagne P, Rigden DJ, Yung CJ, Lingley J, Quail MA, Hall N, Darby AC, Saccheri IJ. 2016. The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element. Nature 534(7605):102–105.
    Holldobler B, Wilson EO. 1990. The ant. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
    Hölldobler B, Wilson EO. 1990. The Ants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    Holman L, Jørgensen CG, Nielsen J, D’Ettorre P. 2010. Identification of an ant queen pheromone regulating worker sterility. Proc. R. Soc. B 277(1701):3793–3800.
    Hoover SER, Keeling CI, Winston ML, Slessor KN. 2003. The effect of queen pheromones on worker honey bee ovary development. Naturwissenschaften 90(10):477–480.
    Howard RW, McDaniel CA, Blomquist GJ. 1978. Cuticular hydrocarbons of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 4(2):233–245.
    Howell G, Butler J, DeShazo RD, Farley JM, Liu HL, Nanayakkara NPD, Yates A, Yi GB, Rockhold RW. 2005. Cardiodepressant and neurologic actions of Solenopsis invicta (imported fire ant) venom alkaloids. Ann. Allergy, Asthma Immunol. 94(3):380–386.
    Hruscha A, Krawitz P, Rechenberg A, Heinrich V, Hecht J, Haass C, Schmid B. 2013. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing with low off-target effects in zebrafish. Development 140(24):4982–4987.
    Huang Y-C, Lee C-C, Kao C-Y, Chang N-C, Lin C-C, DeWayne S, Wang J. 2016. Evolution of long centromeres in fire ants. BMC Evol. Biol. 16(1):189.
    Huang Y, Dang VD, Chang N, Wang J. 2018. Multiple large inversions and breakpoint rewiring of gene expression in the evolution of the fire ant social supergene. Proc. R. Soc. B 285(1878):20180221.
    Huang YC, Wang J. 2014. Did the fire ant supergene evolve selfishly or socially? BioEssays 36(2):200–208.
    IPPC IPPC. 2017. Update of detection of Solenopsis invicta in Rep. of Korea in 2017. KOR-07/2.
    ISSG ISSG. 2018. Global Invasive Species Database. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/100_worst.php
    Jacquin-Joly E, Vogt RG, François MC, Nagnan-Le Meillour P. 2001. Functional and expression pattern analysis of chemosensory proteins expressed in antennae and pheromonal gland of Mamestra brassicae. Chem. Senses 26(7):833–844.
    Jangam D, Feschotte C, Betrán E. 2017. Transposable element domestication as an adaptation to evolutionary conflicts. Trends Genet. 33(11):817–831.
    Jarvis JUM. 1981. Eusociality in a mammal: Cooperative breeding in naked mole-rat colonies. Science. 212(4494):571–573.
    Jarvis JUM, O’Riain MJ, Bennett NC, Sherman PW. 1994. Mammalian eusociality: a family affair. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9(2):47–51.
    Jay P, Whibley A, Frézal L, Rodríguez de Cara MÁ, Nowell RW, Mallet J, Dasmahapatra KK, Joron M. 2018. Supergene evolution triggered by the introgression of a chromosomal inversion. Curr. Biol. 28(11):1839-1845.e3.
    Jones BM, Kingwell CJ, Wcislo WT, Robinson GE. 2017. Caste-biased gene expression in a facultatively eusocial bee suggests a role for genetic accommodation in the evolution of eusociality. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 284(1846).
    Jones RT, Salazar PA, Ffrench-Constant RH, Jiggins CD, Joron M. 2012. Evolution of a mimicry supergene from a multilocus architecture. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 279(1727):316–325.
    Jouvenaz DP, Allen GE, Banks WA, Wojcik DP. 1977. A survey for pathogens of fire ants, Solenopsis spp., in the Southeastern United States. Florida Entomol. 60(4):275–279.
    Karatsoreos IN, Bhagat S, Bloss EB, Morrison JH, McEwen BS. 2011. Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108(4):1657–1662.
    Keeling CI, Henderson H, Li M, Dullat HK, Ohnishi T, Bohlmann J. 2013. CYP345E2, an antenna-specific cytochrome P450 from the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, catalyses the oxidation of pine host monoterpene volatiles. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 43(12):1142–1151.
    Keller L, Nonacs P. 1993. The role of queen pheromones in social insects: queen control or queen signal? Anim. Behav. 45(4):787–794.
    Keller L, Ross KG. 1995. Gene by environment interaction: Effects of a single gene and social environment on reproductive phenoytpes of fire ant queens. Funct. Ecol. 9(4):667–676.
    Keller L, Ross KG. 1998. Selfish genes: a green beard in the red fire ant. Nature 394(6693):573–575.
    Kitabayashi AN, Arai T, Kubo T, Natori S. 1998. Molecular cloning of cDNA for p10, a novel protein that increases in the regenerating legs of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 28(10):785–790.
    Klobuchar EA, Deslippe RJ. 2002. A queen pheromone induces workers to kill sexual larvae in colonies of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta). Naturwissenschaften 89.
    Kloosterman WP, Guryev V, van Roosmalen M, Duran KJ, de Bruijn E, Bakker SCM, Letteboer T, van Nesselrooij B, Hochstenbach R, Poot M, et al. 2011. Chromothripsis as a mechanism driving complex de novo structural rearrangements in the germline†. Hum. Mol. Genet. 20(10):1916–1924.
    Kocher SD, Mallarino R, Rubin BER, Yu DW, Hoekstra HE, Pierce NE. 2018. The genetic basis of a social polymorphism in halictid bees. Nat. Commun. 9(1):4338.
    Kohno H, Suenami S, Takeuchi H, Sasaki T, Kubo T. 2016. Production of Knockout Mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 in the European Honeybee, Apis mellifera L. Zoolog. Sci. 33(5):505–512.
    Korlach J. 2015. Understanding accuracy in SMRT sequencing. Available from: https://www.pacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Perspective_UnderstandingAccuracySMRTSequencing.pdf
    Krieger MJB, Ross KG. 2002. Identification of a major gene regulating complex social behavior. Science. 295(5553):328–332.
    Krieger MJB, Ross KG. 2005. Molecular evolutionary analyses of the odorant-binding protein gene Gp-9 in fire ants and other Solenopsis species. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(10):2090–2103.
    Kucharski R, Maleszka J, Foret S, Maleszka R. 2008. Nutritional control of reproductive status in honeybees via DNA methylation. Science. 319(5871):1827–1830.
    Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33(7):1870–1874.
    Kunte K, Zhang W, Tenger-Trolander A, Palmer DH, Martin A, Reed RD, Mullen SP, Kronforst MR. 2014. doublesex is a mimicry supergene. Nature 507(7491):229–232.
    Küpper C, Stocks M, Risse JE, Dos Remedios N, Farrell LL, McRae SB, Morgan TC, Karlionova N, Pinchuk P, Verkuil YI, et al. 2015. A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff. Nat. Genet. 48(1):79–83.
    Lahn BT, Pearson NM, Jegalian K. 2001. The human Y chromosome, in the light of evolution. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2(3):207–216.
    Laver T, Harrison J, O’Neill PA, Moore K, Farbos A, Paszkiewicz K, Studholme DJ. 2015. Assessing the performance of the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION. Biomol. Detect. Quantif. 3:1–8.
    Leal WS. 2013. Odorant reception in insects: Roles of receptors, binding proteins, and degrading enzymes. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 58:373–391.
    Leal WS, Ishida Y. 2008. GP-9s are ubiquitous proteins unlikely involved in olfactory mediation of social organization in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. PLoS One 3(11):e3762.
    Lee C-C, Wang J. 2018. Rapid expansion of a highly germline-expressed mariner element acquired by horizontal transfer in the fire ant genome. Genome Biol. Evol.:1–55.
    Leng N, Dawson JA, Thomson JA, Ruotti V, Rissman AI, Smits BMG, Haag JD, Gould MN, Stewart RM, Kendziorski C. 2013. EBSeq: An empirical Bayes hierarchical model for inference in RNA-seq experiments. Bioinformatics 29(8):1035–1043.
    Li B, Dewey CN. 2011. RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome. BMC Bioinformatics 12(1):323.
    Li H, Durbin R. 2009. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25(14):1754–1760.
    Li J, Heinz KM. 2000. Genome complexity and organization in the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren. Genet. Res.
    Li J, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Han S. 2018. Study of a new biological control method combining an enteropathogen and a chemical insecticide against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 111(2):817–822.
    Li M, Au LYC, Douglah D, Chong A, White BJ, Ferree PM, Akbari OS. 2017. Generation of heritable germline mutations in the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci. Rep. 7(1):901.
    Li W, Godzik A. 2006. Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences. Bioinformatics 22(13):1658–1659.
    Li ZW, Hou XH, Chen JF, Xu YC, Wu Q, Gonzalez J, Guo YL. 2018. Transposable elements contribute to the adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome Biol. Evol. 10(8):2140–2150.
    Liang D, Silverman J. 2000. “You are what you eat”: diet modifies cuticular hydrocarbons and nestmate recognition in the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. Naturwissenschaften 87(9):412–416.
    Liang ZS, Nguyen T, Mattila HR, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Seeley TD, Robinson GE. 2012. Molecular determinants of scouting behavior in honey bees. Science. 335(6073):1225–1228.
    Lin Y-K, Chang H-Y, Wu W-J, Ho H-Y, Lin C-C. 2010. Different cuticular chemical profiles between the monogynous and polygynous forms of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Taiwan. Sociobiology 56(1):39–55.
    Lindeboom RGH, Supek F, Lehner B. 2016. The rules and impact of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in human cancers. Nat. Genet. 48(10):1112–1118.
    Liu WS. 2018. Mammalian sex chromosome structure, gene content, and function in male fertility. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 7(1):103–124.
    Lok JB, Cupp EW, Blomquist GJ. 1975. Cuticular lipids of the imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta and richteri. 5:821–829.
    Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, De Poorter M. 2000. 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species. A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Consevation Union (IUCN), 12pp. First published as special lift-out in Aliens 12, December 2000. Updated and reprinted version: November
    Lu YY, Wu BQ, Xu YJ, Zeng L. 2012. Effects of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) on the species structure of ant communities in South China. Sociobiology 59(1):275–286.
    Luijten MNH, Lee JXT, Crasta KC. 2018. Mutational game changer: Chromothripsis and its emerging relevance to cancer. Mutat. Res. - Rev. Mutat. Res. 777:29–51.
    Manfredini F, Shoemaker D, Grozinger CM. 2016. Dynamic changes in host-virus interactions associated with colony founding and social environment in fire ant queens (Solenopsis invicta). Ecol. Evol. 6(1):233–244.
    Martin M. 2011. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.journal 17(1):10–12.
    Martins C, Fernando de Souza R, Bueno OC. 2014. Molecular characterization of fire ants, Solenopsis spp., from Brazil based on analysis of mtDNA gene cytochrome oxidase I. J. Insect Sci. 14(50):1–17.
    Matsuda M, Nagahama Y, Shinomiya A, Sato T, Matsuda C, Kobayashi T, Morrey CE, Shibata N, Asakawa S, Shimizu N, et al. 2002. DMY is a Y-specific DM-domain gene required for male development in the medaka fish. Nature 417(6888):559–563.
    Matsuo T, Sugaya S, Yasukawa J, Aigaki T, Fuyama Y. 2007. Odorant-binding proteins OBP57d and OBP57e affect taste perception and host-plant preference in Drosophila sechellia. PLoS Biol. 5(5):e118.
    McBride CS, Baier F, Omondi AB, Spitzer SA, Lutomiah J, Sang R, Ignell R, Vosshall LB. 2014. Evolution of mosquito preference for humans linked to an odorant receptor. Nature 515(7526):222–227.
    McClung CR. 2006. Plant circadian rhythms. Plant Cell 18(4):792–803.
    McKenna A, Hanna M, Banks E, Sivachenko A, Cibulskis K, Kernytsky A, Garimella K, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Daly M, et al. 2010. The genome analysis toolkit: A MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Res. 20(9):1297–1303.
    Vander Meer RK, Alonso LE. 2002. Queen primer pheromone affects conspecific fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) aggression. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 51(2):122–130.
    Vander Meer RK, Glancey BM, Lofgren CS, Glover A, Tumlinson JH, Rocca J. 1980. The poison sac of red imported fire ant queens: Source of a pheromone attractant. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 73(5):609–612.
    Vander Meer RK, Porter SD. 2001. Fate of newly mated queens introduced into monogyne and polygyne Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colonies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 94(2):289–297.
    Vander Meer RK, Preston CA, Choi MY. 2010. Isolation of a pyrazine alarm pheromone component from the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. J. Chem. Ecol. 36(2):163–170.
    Vander Meer RK, Saliwanchik D, Lavine B. 1989. Temporal changes in colony cuticular hydrocarbon patterns of Solenopsis invicta - Implications for nestmate recognition. J. Chem. Ecol. 15(7):2115–2125.
    Messing RH, Wright MG. 2006. Biological control of invasive species: solution or pollution? Front. Ecol. Environ. 4(3):132–140.
    Mink PJ, Mandel JS, Sceurman BK, Lundin JI. 2012. Epidemiologic studies of glyphosate and cancer: A review. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 63(3):440–452.
    Mitchell EAD, Mulhauser B, Mulot M, Mutabazi A, Glauser G, Aebi A. 2017. A worldwide survey of neonicotinoids in honey. Science 358(6359):109–111.
    Mizunami M, Yamagata N, Nishino H. 2010. Alarm pheromone processing in the ant brain: an evolutionary perspective. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 4(June):28.
    Mondet F, Alaux C, Severac D, Rohmer M, Mercer AR, Le Conte Y. 2015. Antennae hold a key to Varroa-sensitive hygiene behaviour in honey bees. Sci. Rep. 5:10454.
    Moneti G, Dani FR, Pieraccini G, Turillazzi S. 1997. Solid-phase microextraction of insect epicuticular hydrocarbons for gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11(8):857–862.
    Montague SA, Mathew D, Carlson JR. 2011. Similar odorants elicit different behavioral and physiological responses, some supersustained. J. Neurosci. 31(21):7891–7899.
    Morandin C, Tin MMYY, Abril S, Gómez C, Pontieri L, Schiøtt M, Sundström L, Tsuji K, Pedersen JS, Helanterä H, et al. 2016. Comparative transcriptomics reveals the conserved building blocks involved in parallel evolution of diverse phenotypic traits in ants. BioMed Central
    Morrison LW, Porter SD, Daniels E, Korzukhin MD. 2004. Potential global range expansion of the invasive fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Biol. Invasions 6(2):183–191.
    Nakagawa T, Sakurai T, Nishioka T, Touhara K. 2005. Insect sex-pheromone signals mediated by specific combinations of olfactory receptors. Science. 307:1638–1642.
    Nakayama T, Fish MB, Fisher M, Oomen-Hajagos J, Thomsen GH, Grainger RM. 2013. Simple and efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in Xenopus tropicalis. Genesis 51(12):835–843.
    National Research and Development Agency NI for ES. Invasive Species of Japan. Available from: https://www.nies.go.jp/biodiversity/invasive/DB/detail/60290e.html
    Netherland MD, Getsinger KD, Stubbs DR. 2005. Aquatic plant management: Invasive species and chemical control. Outlooks Pest Manag. 16(3):100–104.
    Nipitwattanaphon M, Wang J, Dijkstra MB, Keller L. 2013. A simple genetic basis for complex social behaviour mediates widespread gene expression differences. Mol. Ecol. 22(14):3797–3813.
    Nipitwattanaphon M, Wang J, Ross KG, Riba-grognuz O, Wurm Y, Khurewathanakul C, Keller L. 2014. Effects of ploidy and sex-locus genotype on gene expression patterns in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 281:1–8.
    Nomura A, Kawasaki K, Kubo T, Natori S. 1992. Purification and localization of p10, a novel protein that increases in nymphal regenerating legs of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach). Int. J. Dev. Biol. 36(3):391–398.
    Nowak MA, Tarnita CE, Wilson EO. 2010. The evolution of eusociality. Nature 466(26):1057–1062.
    Oi CA, Van Oystaeyen A, Caliari Oliveira R, Millar JG, Verstrepen KJ, Van Zweden JS, Wenseleers T. 2015. Dual effect of wasp queen pheromone in regulating insect sociality. Curr. Biol. 25(12):1638–1640.
    Van Oystaeyen A, Oliveira RC, Holman L, van Zweden JS, Romero C, Oi C a., D’Ettorre P, Khalesi M, Billen J, Wackers F, et al. 2014. Conserved Class of Queen Pheromones Stops Social Insect Workers from Reproducing. Science. 343(6168):287–290.
    Ozaki M, Morisaki K, Idei W, Ozaki K, Tokunaga F. 1995. A putative lipophilic stimulant carrier protein commonly found in the taste and olfactory systems - A unique member of the pheromone-binding protein superfamily. Eur. J. Biochem. 230(1):298–308.
    Ozaki M, Wada-Katsumata A, Fujikawa K, Iwasaki M, Yokohari F, Satoji Y, Nisimura T, Yamaoka R. 2005. Ant nestmate and non-nestmate discrimination by a chemosensory sensillum. Science. 309(5732):311–314.
    Passera L, Aron S, Vargo EL, Keller L. 2001. Queen control of sex ratio in fire ants. Science. 293.
    Pelletier J, Guidolin A, Syed Z, Cornel AJ, Leal WS. 2010. Knockdown of a mosquito odorant-binding protein involved in the sensitive detection of oviposition attractants. J. Chem. Ecol. 36(3):245–248.
    Pelosi P, Zhou JJ, Ban LP, Calvello M. 2006. Soluble proteins in insect chemical communication. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63(14):1658–1676.
    Penick CA, Prager SS, Liebig J. 2012. Juvenile hormone induces queen development in late-stage larvae of the ant Harpegnathos saltator. J. Insect Physiol. 58(12):1643–1649.
    Pereboom JJ, Jordan WC, Sumner S, Hammond RL, Bourke AF. 2005. Differential gene expression in queen-worker caste determination in bumble-bees. Proc Biol Sci 272(1568):1145–1152.
    Pilakouta N, Richardson J, Smiseth PT. 2015. State-dependent cooperation in burying beetles: parents adjust their contribution towards care based on both their own and their partner’s size. J. Evol. Biol. 28(11):1965–1974.
    Pimentel D, Acquay H, Biltonen M, Rice P, Silva M, Nelson J, Lipner V, Giordano S, Horowitz A, D’Amore M. 1992. Environmental and economic costs of pesticide use. Bioscience 42(10):750–760.
    Pimentel D, Lach L, Zuniga R, Morrison D. 2000. Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0053:EAECON]2.3.CO;2 50(1):53–65.
    Pink RC, Wicks K, Caley DP, Punch EK, Jacobs L, Carter DRF. 2011. Pseudogenes: Pseudo-functional or key regulators in health and disease? RNA 17(5):792–798.
    Porter SD, Gavilanez-Slone JM, Valles SM. 2016. Solenopsis invicta virus 3: Infection tests with adult honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Florida Entomol. 99(4):729–733.
    Porter SD, Savignano DA. 1990. Invasion of polygyne fire ants decimates native ants and disrupts arthropod community. Ecology 71(6):2095–2106.
    Porter SD, Valles SM, Pereira RM. 2016. Scavenging crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) transmit Solenopsis invicta virus 3 to red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) colonies. Florida Entomol. 99(4)(4):811–812.
    Porter SD, Valles SM, Wild AL, Dieckmann R, Plowes NJR. 2015. Solenopsis invicta virus 3: Further host-specificity tests with native Solenopsis ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Florida Entomol. 98(1)(1):122–125.
    Pracana Rodrigo, Levantis I, Martínez-Ruiz C, Stolle E, Priyam A, Wurm Y. 2017. Fire ant social chromosomes: Differences in number, sequence and expression of odorant binding proteins. Evol. Lett.:1–12.
    Pracana R., Priyam A, Levantis I, Nichols RA, Wurm Y. 2017. The fire ant social chromosome supergene variant Sb shows low diversity but high divergence from SB. Mol. Ecol. 26(11):2864–2879.
    Premier Biosoft International. Beacon Designer. Available from: http://www.premierbiosoft.com/qOligo/Oligo.jsp?PID=1
    Prieto-Godino LL, Rytz R, Bargeton B, Abuin L, Arguello JR, Peraro MD, Benton R. 2016. Olfactory receptor pseudo-pseudogenes. Nature 539(7627):93–97.
    Privman E, Cohen P, Cohanim AB, Riba-Grognuz O, Shoemaker D, Keller L. 2018. Positive selection on sociobiological traits in invasive fire ants. Mol. Ecol.:0–2.
    Purcell J, Brelsford A, Wurm Y, Perrin N, Chapuisat M. 2014. Convergent genetic architecture underlies social organization in ants. Curr. Biol. 24(22):2728–2732.
    Qiu B, Larsen RS, Chang NC, Wang J, Boomsma JJ, Zhang G. 2018. Towards reconstructing the ancestral brain gene-network regulating caste differentiation in ants. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2(11):1782–1791.
    Qiu H-L, Cheng D-F. 2017. A chemosensory protein gene Si-CSP1 associated with necrophoric behavior in red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 110(April):1–7.
    R Core Team. 2018. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
    Reinhard J. 2004. Insect chemical communication. Chemosense 6(4):2–6.
    Rhoads A, Au KF. 2015. PacBio Sequencing and its applications. Genomics, Proteomics Bioinforma. 13(5):278–289.
    Richards MH, von Wettberg EJ, Rutgers AC. 2003. A novel social polymorphism in a primitively eusocial bee. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(12):7175–7180.
    Riehl C. 2013. Evolutionary routes to non-kin cooperative breeding in birds. Proc. R. Soc. B 280(1772):20132245.
    Riley JR, Greggers U, Smith AD, Reynolds DR, Menzel R. 2005. The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance. Nature 435(7039):205–207.
    Robinson GE. 1992. Regulation of division of labour in insect societies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37:637–665.
    Robinson GE. 2004. Beyond nature and nurture. Science. 304(5669):397–399.
    Robinson GE, Fernald RD, Clayton DF. 2008. Genes and social behavior. Science. 322(5903):896–900.
    Robson SK, Traniello JFA. 1998. Resource assessment, recruitment behavior, and organization of cooperative prey retrieval in the ant Formica schaufussi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Insect Behav. 11(1):1–22.
    Rojas MG, Elliott RB, Morales-Ramos JA. 2018. Mortality of Solenopsis invicta workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) after indirect exposure to spores of three entomopathogenic fungi. J. Insect Sci. 18(3).
    Ross KG. 1997. Multilocus evolution in fire ants: Effects of selection, gene flow and recombination. Genetics 145(4):961–974.
    Ross KG, Keller L. 1998. Genetic control of social organization in an ant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95(24):14232–14237.
    Ross KG, Keller L. 2002. Experimental conversion of colony social organization by manipulation of worker genotype composition in fire ants (Solenopsis invicta). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 51(3):287–295.
    Ross KG, Krieger MJB, Shoemaker DD. 2003. Alternative genetic foundations for a key social polymorphism in fire ants. Genetics 165(4):1853–1867.
    Roux O, Martin JM, Ghomsi NT, Dejean A. 2009. A non-lethal water-based removal-reapplication technique for behavioral analysis of cuticular compounds of ants. J. Chem. Ecol. 35(8):904–912.
    Sandler BH, Nikonova L, Leal WS, Clardy J. 2000. Sexual attraction in the silkworm moth: structure of the pheromone-binding-protein-bombykol complex. Chem. Biol. 7(2):143–151.
    Sarov-Blat L, So WV, Liu L, Rosbash M. 2000. The Drosophila takeout gene is a novel molecular link between circadian rhythms and feeding behavior. Cell 101(6):647–656.
    Saurabh S, Vanaphan N, Wen W, Dauwalder B. 2018. High functional conservation of takeout family members in a courtship model system. PLoS One 13(9):e0204615.
    Schatz B, Lachaud J-P, Beugnon G. 1997. Graded recruitment and hunting strategies linked to prey weight and size in the ponerine ant Ectatomma ruidum. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 40(6):337–349.
    Schurch NJ, Schofield P, Gierliński M, Cole C, Sherstnev A, Singh V, Wrobel N, Gharbi K, Simpson GG, Owen-Hughes T, et al. 2016. How many biological replicates are needed in an RNA-seq experiment and which differential expression tool should you use? RNA 22(6):839–851.
    Schwaerzel M, Monastirioti M, Scholz H, Friggi-Grelin F, Birman S, Heisenberg M. 2003. Dopamine and octopamine differentiate between aversive and appetitive olfactory memories in Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 23(33):10495–10502.
    Schwander T, Libbrecht R, Keller L. 2014. Supergenes and complex phenotypes. Curr. Biol. 24(7):R288–R294.
    Shanbhag S., Müller B, Steinbrecht R. 2000. Atlas of olfactory organs of Drosophila melanogaster 1. Types, external organization, innervation and distribution of olfactory sensilla. Arthropod Struct. Dev. 29(1999):211–229.
    Sledge MF, Boscaro F, Turillazzi S. 2001. Cuticular hydrocarbons and reproductive status in the social wasp Polistes dominulus. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 49(5):401–409.
    Slessor KN, Kaminski LA, King GGS, Borden JH, Winston ML. 1988. Semiochemical basis of the retinue response to queen honey bees. Nature 332(6162):354–356.
    Smith CA, Roeszler KN, Ohnesorg T, Cummins DM, Farlie PG, Doran TJ, Sinclair AH. 2009. The avian Z-linked gene DMRT1 is required for male sex determination in the chicken. Nature 461(7261):267–271.
    So W V, Sarov-Blat L, Kotarski CK, McDonald MJ, Allada R, Rosbash M. 2002. takeout, a novel Drosophila gene under circadian clock transcriptional regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20(18):6935–6944.
    Steinbrecht RA. 1998. Odorant-binding proteins: expression and function. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 855(1):323–332.
    Stephens PJ, Greenman CD, Fu B, Yang F, Bignell GR, Mudie LJ, Pleasance ED, Lau KW, Beare D, Stebbings LA, et al. 2011. Massive genomic rearrangement acquired in a single catastrophic event during cancer development. Cell 144(1):27–40.
    Stolle E, Pracana R, Howard P, Paris CI, Brown SJ, Castillo-Carrillo C, Rossiter SJ, Wurm Y. 2019. Degenerative expansion of a young supergene. Mol. Biol. Evol. 36(3):553–561.
    Storey GK, Vander Meer RK, Boucias DG, McCoy CW. 1991. Effect of fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) venom alkaloids on the in vitro germination and development of selected entomogenous fungi. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 58(1):88–95.
    Sun Z, Asmann YW, Nair A, Zhang Y, Wang L, Kalari KR, Bhagwate A V., Baker TR, Carr JM, Kocher J-PA, et al. 2013. Impact of library preparation on downstream analysis and interpretation of RNA-Seq data: comparison between Illumina PolyA and NuGEN Ovation protocol. PLoS One 8(8):e71745.
    Swarup S, Williams TI, Anholt RRH. 2011. Functional dissection of odorant binding protein genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes, Brain Behav. 10(6):648–657.
    Taber SW. 2000. Fire ants. 1st ed. College Station: Texas A&M University agriculture series; no. 3
    Tannure-Nascimento IC, Nascimento FS, Zucchi R. 2008. The look of royalty: visual and odour signals of reproductive status in a paper wasp. Proc. R. Soc. B 275(1651):2555–2561.
    Taylor DJ, Robinson GE, Logan BJ, Laverty R, Mercer AR. 1992. Changes in brain amine levels associated with the morphological and behavioural development of the worker honeybee. J. Comp. Physiol. A 170:715–721.
    Thompson MJ, Jiggins CD. 2014. Supergenes and their role in evolution. Heredity (Edinb). 113(1):1–8.
    Thongprakaisang S, Thiantanawat A, Rangkadilok N, Suriyo T, Satayavivad J. 2013. Glyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors. Food Chem. Toxicol. 59:129–136.
    Thornton B, Basu C. 2011. Real-time PCR (qPCR) primer design using free online software. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 39(2):145–154.
    Torres CW, Brandt M, Tsutsui ND. 2007. The role of cuticular hydrocarbons as chemical cues for nestmate recognition in the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile). Insectes Soc. 54(4):363–373.
    Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, Pertea G, Kim D, Kelley DR, Pimentel H, Salzberg SL, Rinn JL, Pachter L. 2012. Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. Nat. Protoc. 7(3):562–578.
    Treangen TJ, Salzberg SL. 2012. Repetitive DNA and next-generation sequencing: Computational challenges and solutions. Nat. Rev. Genet. 13(1):36–46.
    Trible W, Olivos-Cisneros L, McKenzie SK, Saragosti J, Chang N-C, Matthews BJ, Oxley PR, Kronauer DJC. 2017. orco mutagenesis causes loss of antennal lobe glomeruli and impaired social behavior in ants. Cell 170(4):727-735.e10.
    Trible W, Ross KG. 2016. Chemical communication of queen supergene status in an ant. J. Evol. Biol. 29(3):502–513.
    Tschinkel WR. 1998. The reproductive biology of fire ant societies. Bioscience 48(8):593–605.
    Tschinkel WR. 2006. The Fire Ants. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    Turillazzi S, Sledge MF, Moneti G. 1998. Use of a simple method for sampling cuticular hydrocarbons from live social wasps. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 10(September 2013):293–297.
    Tuttle EM, Bergland AO, Korody ML, Brewer MS, Newhouse DJ, Minx P, Stager M, Betuel A, Cheviron ZA, Warren WC, et al. 2016. Divergence and functional degradation of a sex chromosome-like supergene. Curr. Biol. 26(3):344–350.
    Untergasser A, Cutcutache I, Koressaar T, Ye J, Faircloth BC, Remm M, Rozen SG. 2012. Primer3--new capabilities and interfaces. Nucleic Acids Res. 40(15):e115.
    Valles SM, Hashimoto Y. 2009. Isolation and characterization of Solenopsis invicta virus 3, a new positive-strand RNA virus infecting the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Virology 388(2):354–361.
    Valles SM, Porter SD. 2015. Dose response of red imported fire ant colonies to Solenopsis invicta virus 3. Arch. Virol. 160(10):2407–2413.
    Valles SM, Porter SD, Firth AE. 2014. Solenopsis invicta virus 3: Pathogenesis and stage specificity in red imported fire ants. Virology 460–461(1):66–71.
    Vargo EL. 1989. On differential reproduction among queens in polygyne colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Actes Colloq. Insect. Soc. 5:109–116.
    Vargo EL. 1997. Poison gland of queen fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) is the source of a primer pheromone. Naturwissenschaften 84(11):507–510.
    Vargo EL, Fletcher DJC. 1989. On the relationship between queen number and fecundity in polygyne colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Physiol. Entomol. 14(2):223–232.
    Vargo EL, Hulsey CD. 2000. Multiple glandular origins of queen pheromones in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. J. Insect Physiol. 46(8):1151–1159.
    Vargo EL, Laurel M. 1994. Studies on the mode of action of a queen primer pheromone of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. J. Insect Physiol. 40(7):601–610.
    Vargo EL, Passera L. 1991. Pheromonal and behavioral queen control over the production of gynes in the Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 28(3):161–169.
    Vargo EL, Ross KG. 1989. Differential viability of eggs laid by queens in polygyne colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. J. Insect Physiol. 35(7):587–593.
    Vogt RG, Riddiford LM. 1981. Pheromone binding and inactivation by moth antennae. Nature 293(5828):161–163.
    Volik S, Zhao S, Chin K, Brebner JH, Herndon DR, Tao Q, Kowbel D, Huang G, Lapuk A, Kuo W-L, et al. 2003. End-sequence profiling: Sequence-based analysis of aberrant genomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(13):7696–7701.
    Wang J, Jemielity S, Uva P, Wurm Y, Gräff J, Keller L. 2007. An annotated cDNA library and microarray for large-scale gene-expression studies in the ant Solenopsis invicta. Genome Biol. 8(1):R9.
    Wang J, Ross KG, Keller L. 2008. Genome-wide expression patterns and the genetic architecture of a fundamental social trait. PLoS Genet. 4(7):e1000127.
    Wang J, Wurm Y, Nipitwattanaphon M, Riba-Grognuz O, Huang Y-C, Shoemaker D, Keller L. 2013. A Y-like social chromosome causes alternative colony organization in fire ants. Nature 493(7434):664–668.
    Ward PS. 2014. The Phylogeny and Evolution of Ants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 45(1):23–43.
    Whitfield CW, Cziko A-M, Robinson GE. 2003. Gene expression profiles in the brain predict behavior in individual honey bees. Science. 302(5643):296–299.
    Wickham H. 2009. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York
    Wilson EO. 1965. Chemical communication in the social insects. Science. 149(3688):1064–1071.
    Wilson EO, Holldobler B. 2005. Eusociality: Origin and consequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102(38):13367–13371.
    Wojcik DP, Allen CR, Brenner RJ, Forys EA, Jouvenaz DP, Scott Lutz R. 2001. Red imported fire ants: Impact on biodiversity. Am. Entomol. 47(1):16–23.
    Wojtasek H, Leal WS. 1999. Degradation of an alkaloid pheromone from the pale-brown chafer, Phyllopertha diversa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), by an insect olfactory cytochrome P450. FEBS Lett. 458(3):333–336.
    Wray GA. 2007. The evolutionary significance of cis-regulatory mutations. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8(3):206–216.
    Wurm Y, Uva P, Ricci F, Wang J, Jemielity S, Iseli C, Falquet L, Keller L. 2009. Fourmidable: a database for ant genomics. BMC Genomics 10(1):5.
    Wurm Y, Wang J, Riba-Grognuz O, Corona M, Nygaard S, Hunt BG, Ingram KK, Falquet L, Nipitwattanaphon M, Gotzek D, et al. 2011. The genome of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108(14):5679–5684.
    Xie C, Tammi MT. 2009. CNV-seq, a new method to detect copy number variation using high-throughput sequencing. BMC Bioinformatics.
    Yan H, Opachaloemphan C, Mancini G, Yang H, Gallitto M, Mlejnek J, Leibholz A, Haight K, Ghaninia M, Huo L, et al. 2017. An engineered orco mutation produces aberrant social behavior and defective neural development in ants. Cell 170(4):736-747.e9.
    Yang CC, Ascunce MS, Luo LZ, Shao JG, Shih CJ, Shoemaker D. 2012. Propagule pressure and colony social organization are associated with the successful invasion and rapid range expansion of fire ants in China. Mol. Ecol. 21(4):817–833.
    Yue J-X, Li J, Aigrain L, Hallin J, Persson K, Oliver K, Bergström A, Coupland P, Warringer J, Lagomarsino MC, et al. 2017. Contrasting evolutionary genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts. Nat. Genet. 49(6):913–924.
    Zaki FN, El-Shaarawy MF, Farag NA. 1999. Release of two predators and two parasitoids to control aphids and whiteflies. Anzeiger für Schädlingskd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 72(1):19–20.
    Zayed A, Robinson GE. 2012. Understanding the relationship between brain gene expression and social behavior: Lessons from the honey bee. Annu. Rev. Genet. 46(1):591–615.
    Zhang CZ, Spektor A, Cornils H, Francis JM, Jackson EK, Liu S, Meyerson M, Pellman D. 2015. Chromothripsis from DNA damage in micronuclei. Nature 522(7555):179–184.
    Zhang H, Finiguerra M, Dam HG, Huang Y, Xu D, Liu G, Lin S. 2013. An improved method for achieving high-quality RNA for copepod transcriptomic studies. J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol. 446:57–66.
    Zhang W, Wanchoo A, Ortiz-Urquiza A, Xia Y, Keyhani NO. 2016. Tissue, developmental, and caste-specific expression of odorant binding proteins in a eusocial insect, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Sci. Rep. 6:35452.
    Zhu H, Casselman A, Reppert SM. 2008. Chasing Migration Genes: A Brain Expressed Sequence Tag Resource for Summer and Migratory Monarch Butterflies (Danaus plexippus).Albertson D, editor. PLoS One 3(1):e1345.
    Zhu J, Iovinella I, Dani FR, Liu Y-L, Huang L-Q, Liu Y, Wang C-Z, Pelosi P, Wang G. 2016. Conserved chemosensory proteins in the proboscis and eyes of Lepidoptera. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 12(11):1394–1404.
    Zuker M. 2003. Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. Nucleic Acids Res. 31(13):3406–3415.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE