研究生: |
阮瀞儀 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
政府風險溝通研究—以農委會和衛生署因應禽流感風險為例 |
指導教授: | 胡幼偉 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
大眾傳播研究所 Graduate Institute of Mass Communication |
論文出版年: | 2005 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 158 |
中文關鍵詞: | 政府風險 、溝通 、農委會 、衛生署 、禽流感風險 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:284 下載:26 |
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在風險管理的過程中,「風險溝通」(risk communication)是極為重要的一環。
所謂的風險溝通,指的是在個人、團體、機構間交換資訊和意見的互動過程,它的範圍涵蓋了危機的三個階段:危機前、危機時期、以及危機後,但是重點主要是放在危機前的溝通工作。
本研究擬以防堵2004 年年初H5N1 高病原性禽流感的兩大中央政府機關-行政院農委會與衛生署為主軸,探討政府在疾病風險的威脅之下,如何進行內部溝通,以及與利害關係人(媒體、家禽業者、一般民眾)之間的互動關係。本研究的目的在了解:政府風險溝通計畫是如何擬定和執行?此過程中政府如何進行內部機制的縱向與橫向的溝通工作?政府與利害關係人的風險溝通方式為何?
而這些方式如何影響風險溝通的成效?
本研究的結論如下:
1. 農委會和衛生署在與利害關係人在進行風險溝通時,前者顯得保守、後者則較為積極,是因為兩者認知的利害關係人和溝通目標有所差異,以及過去不同風險溝通經驗的影響。
2. 對不同的利害關係人,政府採取不同的風險溝通模式。對民眾,政府以單向「科技主義取徑」溝通,民眾的價值、關注、恐懼和意見均被排除在決策過程之外。對養雞產業團體,政府以「協商取徑」溝通,產業團體能夠參與政府的決策,但權力不均等。對媒體,政府則以雙向「科技主義取徑」溝通,政府與媒體有雙向互動,但媒體不直接參與政府決策。
3. 以內容分析和訪談所得的資料來看,媒體建構的風險溝通策略與實際的政府風險溝通策略大致吻合,但政府與媒體的風險溝通並未達到良好的效能。因為根據內容分析的結果,農委會和衛生署雖然在所有消息來源中排名第一,但在媒體評價方面,對農委會和衛生署管理禽流感風險的評價是中立為主、負面居次、正面很少。而根據訪談內容,記者們對政府與媒體的風險溝通也有諸多批評,尤其農委會保守被動,總給人不夠公開坦承的感覺。
4. 政府進行風險溝通容易失敗的原因,是只注重風險的「危險」面,而忽略了風險的「憤怒」面。由於政府對風險的評估和決策是以專家知識為主,民眾對風險的情緒和意見未受重視,故容易導致溝通的失敗。
5. 風險溝通是個複雜的互動過程,有時政府與利害關係人間的溝通不見成效,不見得是溝通本身出了問題,也不見得是政府本身的問題,而是受到一些溝通和非溝通、組織內和組織外等複雜因素的影響。
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