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研究生: 李政霖
Chen-Lin Lee
論文名稱: 跆拳道三百六十度跳後踢擊破動作之生物力學研究
Power Breaking Movement of 360° Jump Back Kick in Taekwondo
指導教授: 黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所
Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 70
中文關鍵詞: 跆拳道擊破生物力學
英文關鍵詞: Taekwondo, Breaking, Biomechanics
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 跆拳道三百六十度跳後踢擊破動作之生物力學研究
    摘 要
    本研究目的是探討跆拳道三百六十度跳後踢擊破木板時,攻擊腳動力鏈的傳遞、重心位移、速度及地面反作用力之情形,並找出擊破與未擊破在運動學上的差異。八名四段以上之男性教練為研究對象(身高:175.75 ± 5.75 公分;體重: 75.00 ± 7.96 公斤;年齡:28.00 ± 4.24歲)。主要研究儀器包括十架Vicon攝影機(MX13+;250Hz)和兩塊測力板(Kistler;1000Hz)。由Nexus軟體擷取反光球與力板資料,經由MatLab運算運動學與動力學參數。受試者擊破一吋厚(2.54cm)木板五片,分析成功踢擊之次數。研究發現:(一) 角速度峰值出現的時序為膝、踝、髖;線速度峰值出現的時序為髖、踝、膝,並不符合遠端至近端之動力鏈。(二) 準備期至騰空踢擊期,重心左右方向位移的徧移量不大,由準備期至旋轉期,重心垂直方向位移的徧移量不大,表示身體是穩定的運動,重心速度峰值大多發生在起跳騰空動作至準備踢擊踢擊動作。(三)在轉軸腳的預備期與跨步期間,旋轉腳之水平地面反作用力穩定,顯示具支撐作用;在旋轉期,旋轉腳之水平地面反作用力出現峰值顯示具推蹬作用。轉軸腳的垂直地面反作用力在旋轉期產生的衝量顯示向上躍起的高度。(四) 擊破組的騰空踢擊期、擊破瞬間攻擊腳腳跟水平速度、髖之線速度、角速度與踝之線速度,皆顯著大於未擊破組。

    關鍵詞:跆拳道、擊破、生物力學

    Power Breaking Movement of 360° Jump Back Kick in Taekwondo
    Abstract
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic chain, displacement, velocity of center of gravity (CG) and ground reaction force (GRF) of attack leg with 360° jump back kick when breaking a board and to find the kinetic difference between breaking and not-breaking groups. Eight Taekwondo coaches (Height: 175.75 ± 5.75 cm; Weight: 75.00 ± 7.96 kg; Age: 28.00 ± 4.24 years) participated in this study. Each subject performed five 360° jump back kicks to break one inch board. The equipment included ten Vicon cameras (MS13+, 250Hz) and two Kistler force platforms (1000Hz). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected by Nexus software. All variables were calculated by custom written program of MatLab. The results indicated: (1) The sequence of angular velocity and velocity of knee, ankle then hip and hip, ankle then knee respectively showing the attack leg did not follow P-D sequnce. (2) Both the lateral displacement and vertical displacement had little change from prepare phase to kicking phase and from prepare phase to rotation phase respectively showing the body is stable in the 360° jump back kick movement. Most of the peak velocity of CG was found in the jumping movement to ready kick movement. The spring leg accounted for the support due to stable horizontal GRF (HGRF) during prepare and step phases, and provided the push-off function due to observed peak HGRF in rotation phase. The vertical GRF and impulse of axis leg in rotation phase shows jumping height. (4)The horizontal velocity of heel, hip and ankle velocity of breaking group were significant faster than those of not-breaking group (p<.05).
    Key Words: Taekwondo, Breaking, Biomechanics

    目 錄 中文摘要………………………………………………………………………...I 英文摘要…………………………………………………………………….….II 致謝詞………………………………………………………………………….III 目錄…………………………………………………………………………….IV 表目錄………………………………………………………………………….VI 圖目錄……………………………………………………………………...….VII 第壹章 緒論 1 第一節 前 言 1 第二節 研究背景 2 第三節 研究目的 3 第四節 研究範圍 3 第五節 研究限制 3 第六節 操作性定義 4 第貳章 文獻探討 6 第一節 動力鏈(KINETIC CHAIN)理論於武術踢擊動作 6 第二節 身體重心位置與速度 8 第三節 下肢與軀幹之相關文獻 10 第參章 研究方法與步驟 12 第一節 研究對象 12 第二節 研究日期與地點 12 第三節 研究儀器與設備 13 第四節 研究方法與步驟 15 第五節 資料擷取 18 第六節 資料處理方法 18 第七節 統計方法 25 第肆章 研究結果 26 第一節 全程時間與下肢動力鏈 27 第二節 擊破全程重心位移與速度 30 第三節 地面反作用力 32 第四節 推論性統計(INFERENTIAL STATISTIC) 34 第伍章 研究討論 37 第一節 全程時間與下肢動力鏈 37 第二節 踢擊時重心位置與速度 39 第三節 旋轉期之地面反作用力 40 第四節 擊破木板與未擊破木板參數之比較 41 第陸章 研究結論 43 參 考 文 獻 44 附 錄 50 附錄一 DEMPSTER之人體肢段參數 50 附錄二 ISB RECOMMENDATION ON DEFINITION OF JOINT COORDINATE SYSTEMS FOR THE REPORTING OF HUMAN JOINT MOTION 51 附錄三 各肢段之反光球 53 附錄四 MATLAB 程式 54 表 目 錄 表3-1 受試者基本資料………………………………………………...……12 表4-1 擊破總次數與成功、失敗統計表……………………………………26 表 4-2 三百六十度跳後踢五個期別,所佔之時間與百分比………..……27 表4-3每一動作點,相對於預備動作所佔全程時間與百分比……………27 表4-4下肢角速度與速度峰值與出現之時序………………………………28 表4-5準備期、跨步期、旋轉期與騰空踢擊期,三軸方向之標準差…..…30 表4-6重心速度峰值與所發生之時間點……………..………………….…31 表4-7 旋轉腳垂直、水平方向之地面反作用力峰值與發生時間、支撐期 所花之時間………………………………………………………..…32 表4-8 轉軸腳垂直、水平方向之地面反作用力峰值與發生時間………32 表4-9 轉軸腳與旋轉腳之垂直、水平方向之衝量與作用時間…………32 表4-10 騰空踢擊期擊破和没擊破之獨立樣本t-test 摘要………………34 表4-11 擊破瞬間擊破和没擊破之獨立樣本t-test 摘要表…………….…35 表4-12預備期至旋轉期、推蹬期擊破和没擊破之獨立樣本t-test 摘要表..……………………………………………………..………36 附錄表一 Dempster之人體肢段參數………………………………………50 附錄表二 本研究各肢段反光球(maker)位置………………………………53 圖 目 錄 圖3-1 Vicon MX13+………………………….………………….………..…..13 圖3-2 L-frame……………………………………………………………...…..13 圖3-3 T-frame………………………………………….…………………..…..13 圖3-4 Kistler 測力板……………………………………………………..…..14 圖3-5 微型開關…………………………………………………………..…..14 圖3-6 三百六十度跳後踢分解動作圖示………………………………….....16 圖3-7 埸地佈置配置圖…………………………………………………...…..17 圖4-1三百六十度跳後踢期別示意圖…………………………………..……27 圖4-2全程髖、膝、踝屈伸角度(受試者E) ………………………………..…..28 圖4-3下肢關節角屈伸角速度(受試者E) ……………………………….…..29 圖4-4下肢關節線速度 (受試者E) ……………………………..….………..29 圖4-5三軸重心位移(受試者B)…….……………………..…………….…….30 圖4-6重心合速度(受試者B) …….……………………..…………………....31 圖4-7轉腳和旋軸腳之地面反作用力(受試者B)…………..……..………….33 附錄圖一 胸廓(Thorax)座標系…………………………………………...…..51 附錄圖二 肱骨(Humerus)座標系…………………………………….…...…..51 附錄圖三 前臂(Forearm)座標系……………………………………..…….....51 附錄圖四 骨盆 (Pelvis)與股骨(Femoral)座標系………………………….....52 附錄圖五 小腿(Shank)座標系…………………………………….…….…....52 附錄圖六 足掌(Foot)座標系……………………………………………….....52

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