摘要
本研究應用工作家庭邊境理論，探討新創公司創業者的工作家庭和諧類型，以及邊境、家人支持與工作家庭和諧類型之間的關係。以工作家庭衝突與工作家庭增益分類出工作家庭和諧類型，並從工作領域與家庭領域探討邊境中的時空彈性與角色通透、家人支持中的情感支持與工具支持。本研究採用問卷調查法，回收有效問卷195份。資料分析使用潛在類別分析與多項式邏輯迴歸分析。主要研究發現如下：
1.創業者的工作家庭和諧可以分成三類型。
（1）職家雙惠型（49.2%）：工作家庭衝突低、工作家庭增益高。
（2）職家雙矛盾型（35.9%）：工作家庭衝突與工作家庭增益都高。
（3）職損擾家型（14.9%）：工作對家庭衝突高、家庭對工作衝突低、工作對家庭增益低、家庭對工作增益低。
關於三類型的背景，已婚、子女數較多者，多於屬職家雙惠型，未婚、子女數較少者，多屬於職損擾家型，其餘屬於職家雙矛盾型。
2.工作家庭和諧類型會因邊境而不同。
工作領域中，角色通透越高，則職家雙矛盾型、職家雙惠型的比例越高。家庭領域中，時空彈性越高，則職家雙矛盾型、職家雙惠型的比例越高。角色通透越高，則職損擾家型、職家雙矛盾型的比例越高。
3.邊境對工作家庭和諧類型的效果，會因家人支持而不同。
工作領域中，角色通透對工作家庭和諧類型的影響，因工作領域的情感支持而不同。當情感支持低時，角色通透越高，則職家雙惠型的比例越高。家庭領域中，角色通透對工作家庭和諧類型的影響，因家庭領域的情感支持而不同。當情感支持低時，角色通透越高，則是職損擾家型的比例越高。
本研究在理論對話、分析方法及實務應用上，都展現相當程度的意義，並提出研究限制與未來的研究發展方向。

Abstract
This study aims to apply work-family border theory for exploring work-family harmony typology among startup entrepreneurs, and to examine the relationship between border, family support, and types of work-family harmony. The work-family harmony typology was classified by work-family conflict and enrichment. Time-space flexibility and role permeability, which are under the dimension of border, were then investigated through the domains of work and family, so were emotional support and instrumental support, which are under the dimension of family support. A questionnaire survey method was adopted in this study and 195 returned questionnaires were effective. The data were then analyzed using latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression. The main findings are described below:
1.Work-family harmony among entrepreneurs can be classified into three types.
(i)Work-family dual benefits type (49.2%): low work-family conflict and high work-family enrichment.
(ii)Work-family dual contradiction type (35.9%): high work-family conflict and high work-family enrichment.
(iii)Family intruded by work type (14.9%): high work to family conflict and low family to work conflict, work to family enrichment, family to work enrichment.
Regarding the background of three types, those who are married and have a large number of children mostly belong to the work-family dual benefits type, while those who are unmarried and have a small number of children mostly belong to the family intruded by work type. The remaining participants belong to the work-family dual contradiction type.
2.The types of work-family harmony vary with variables in the dimension of border.
In the domain of work, when role permeability increases, the percentage of participants who are involved in work-family dual contradictions or receiving work-family dual benefits is higher. In the domain of family, when time-space flexibility increases, the percentage of participants involved in work-family dual contradictions or having work-family dual benefits is higher. When role permeability increases, the percentage of participants who feel work intrusion on family or have work-family dual contradictions is higher.
3.The effects of border on work-family harmony vary with different levels of family support.
In the domain of work, the effects of role permeability on work-family harmony vary with different levels of emotional support in the workplace. When there is lower emotional support, the higher the role permeability, the higher the percentage of participants who receive work-family dual benefits. In the domain of family, the effects of role permeability on work-family harmony vary with different levels of emotional support at home. When there is lower emotional support, the higher the role permeability, the higher the percentage of people who have a sense of work intrusion on family.
This study shows considerable significance in the aspects of theoretical dialogues, analytical methods, and practical application. It presents research limitations and offers valuable recommendations for future research directions.

統計資訊網（無日期a）。工業及服務業普查。2020年2月24日，資料取自：https://www.stat.gov.tw/np.asp?ctNode=540
統計資訊網（無日期b）。行業分類查詢。2020年7月1日，資料取自：https://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?mp=4&xItem=42276&ctNode=1309
內政部戶政司（2020）。縣市人口年齡結構指標。內政部戶政司。2020年3月22日，資料取自：https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346
內政部統計處（2019）。內政統計通報。內政部。
王玉珍（2014）。雙生涯成人工作家庭角色衝突與優勢經驗之探究。中華輔導與諮商學報，39，151-182。‬
王婕（2012）。個人特性、工作特徵、工作家庭疆界與工作家庭平衡之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。世新大學。
行政院主計總處（2019）。人力資源調查統計年報2018。行政院主計總處。
吳明隆、張毓仁（2016）。R軟體統計進階分析實務（第二版）。五南。
李永鑫、趙娜（2009）。工作-家庭支持的結構與測量及其調節作用。心理學報，41（9），863-874。
李威龍（2013）。家庭環境對創業意向與創業行為之影響：以兩岸創業家為例。多國籍企業管理評論，7(1)，71-94。
李政忠（2003）。從抽樣與統計方法探討網路問卷調查的可行性：比較電話訪談與網路問卷樣本的實質差異性。廣播與電視，21，55-95。
李政忠（2004）。網路調查所面臨的問題與解決建議。資訊社會研究，6，1-24。
周殷（2017）。家庭支持型主管行為與配偶工作支持：有調節的中介效應檢驗（未出版之碩士論文）。華中師範大學。
周麗端（2005）。工作與家庭。載於林如萍、周麗端、徐達光、柯澍馨、唐先梅（編著），家庭資源管理（初版，頁144-184）。國立空中大學。
周麗端（2012）。雙工作家庭的生活滿意：工作―家庭衝突與互利的影響。中華心理衛生學刊，25，377-418。
法律白話文運動（無日期）。1號課堂 | 什麼是工時？法律白話文運動。2020年6月3日，資料取自：https://plainlaw.me/2018/07/22/hours/
柯澍馨、陳彥呈、郭秀翎（2015）。國小教師工作家庭衝突與生活品質之研究。輔仁民生學誌，21(2)，97-115。
唐先梅（2001）。工作與家庭生活。載於黃迺毓、林如萍、唐先梅、陳芳茹（編著），家庭概論（初版，頁174-193）。國立空中大學。
翁振益、林若慧、劉士豪（2008）。以社會支持調適第一線員工的工作－非工作衝突與提昇生活品質。管理與系統，15（3），355-376。
高婉琪、宋素卿、董道興、謝宜樺（2019）。探討消防人員職家衝突、社會支持與身心健康之關係。精神衛生護理雜誌，14（2），5-19。
高碩亨、張明麗、胡家珮（2019）。學前與中小學教師工作—家庭衝突、工作—家庭互利、工作滿意、家庭生活滿意對身體健康狀況與快樂感之影響。臺北市立大學學報，50（2），33-57。
國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心（2019）。「創新創業激勵計畫」選拔辦法。財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心。2020年3月3日，資料取自：https://fiti.stpi.narl.org.tw/upload/chapter/2019-10-21-095149_%E9%81%B8%E6%8B%94%E8%BE%A6%E6%B3%95%E8%88%87%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6%E7%AC%AC29%E7%89%88.pdf
張妤玥、陸洛（2011）。工作家庭雙介面之要求、資源與職家衝突關聯之性別差異。商略學報，3（1），25-38。
張妤玥、陸洛（2013）。自我效能於家庭對工作衝突及其前因後果的調節作用。應用心理研究，57，117-154。
張紹勳，林秀娟（2018）。邏輯斯迴歸分析及離散選擇模型：應用SPSS（初版）。五南。
‪張婷婷、陸洛（2009）。資源損失與資源獲得對職家衝突之影響：資源保存理論的觀點。臺大管理論叢，20（1），69-98。‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
張婷婷、陸洛、郭靜宜（2012a）。工作資源對工作－家庭衝突及工作表現之影響。組織與管理，5(2)，101-135。
張婷婷、陸洛、潘君鳳（2012b）。工作與家庭的雙向增益：前因、後果及互依我的調節作用。中華心理學刊，54（4），471-493。
梁英文、林家瑜（2015）。家庭對工作衝突、職場歡樂體驗與工作滿意度關係之研究。鄉村旅遊研究，8(1)，39-50。
許明德（2006）。創新及破壞性創造：經濟學大師熊彼得。科學發展，403，70-75。
郭俊良、張進興（2012）。商船船員之工作家庭衝突與離職傾向之關聯性分析： 探討人力資源管理措施的調節角色。航運季刊，21(4)，69-92。
陳文良、王怡涵、邱雅萍（2013）。臺灣工作家庭衝突研究之回顧與展望。人力資源管理學報，13（4），79-106。
陳正昌、程炳林、陳新豐、劉子鍵（2009）。多變量分析方法---統計軟體應用（第五版）。五南。
陳國嘉、方顯光、張曉禎（2006）。女性創業家領導才能對經營績效影響之研究：人格特質效應。全球管理與經濟，2（2）, 51-70。
陳淑貞、王中元、蔡麗真（2009）。中小企業從業人員工作與家庭的雙向衝突 ─主管支持、同事支持、配偶支持、重要親友支持之調節效果。人力資源管理學報，9（4），43-64。
陸洛（2013）。職家平衡在臺灣：一個發展中國家的現況。應用心理研究，59，49-79。
‪陸洛、張妤玥（2015）。主管支持、工作對家庭增益，及情緒耗竭之關聯：夫妻之行動者─伴侶互依模式。本土心理學研究，44，73-116。‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
陸洛、黃茂丁、高旭繁（2005）。工作與家庭的雙向衝突：前因、後果及調節變項之探討。應用心理研究，27，133-166 。
勞動部（無日期a）。工作生活平衡網。勞動部。2020年7月8日，資料取自：https://wlb.mol.gov.tw/Page/Grants/GrantApplication.aspx
勞動部（無日期b）。退休、福祉。勞動部。2020年7月8日，資料取自：https://www.mol.gov.tw/topic/3078/
游森期、余民寧（2006）。網路問卷與傳統問卷之比較：多樣本均等性方法學之應用。測驗學刊，53（1），103-128。
費小蘭、唐漢瑛、馬紅宇（2017）。工作-生活平衡理念下的家庭支持：概念、维度及作用。心理科學，40（3），708-713。
黃煥榮（2009）。運用友善家庭政策平衡工作與家庭－制度與經驗的探討。人事月刊，48（1），2-18。
溫玲玉、黃冠綺（2019）。社會支持、工作與家庭衝突和幸福感之關聯性研究以休閒調適策略為調節變項。商業職業教育，144，34-51。
經濟部中小企業處（2018）。FINDIT 2018國內新創統計。經濟部中小企業處。2020年11月5日，資料取自：https://findit.org.tw/researchPageV2.aspx?pageId=888
經濟部中小企業處（2020a）。臺灣創業生態系基礎服務整合平臺-創業者投資金額、人數及提供就業統計（2020722）。經濟部統計處。2020年11月5日，資料取自：https://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/content/ContentLink.aspx?menu_id=9114
經濟部中小企業處（2020b）。臺灣新創企業清單。經濟部中小企業處。2020年11月5日，資料取自：https://findit.org.tw/twCompanyList.aspx
經濟部中小企業處（無日期）。具創新能力之新創事業認定原則。經濟部中小企業處。2020年6月23日，資料取自：https://www.moeasmea.gov.tw/files/579/51B06AF1-A0EB-4890-A6E4-60B23365A7B0
葉光輝、劉長萱（1995）。問題的潛在類別分析。載於章英華、傅仰止、瞿海源（主編），社會調查與分析：社會科學研究方法檢討與前瞻之一（頁261-282）。中央研究院民族學研究所。
臺灣創新創業中心（2018）。TIEC介紹。臺灣創新創業中心。2021年2月24日，資料取自：https://www.tiectw.com/about/
劉以慧（2012）。女性參與互助團體創業經驗之研究：社會資本的分析觀點。創業管理研究，7（3），35-62。
劉侑學、王安祥（2018）。工作生活平衡與職場健康促：國際經驗比較。臺灣勞工季刊，55，4-13。
劉侑學、王舒芸（2019）。建立我國調和工作與家庭衝突之友善勞動環境。國土及公共治理季刊，7（1），32-44。
潘福田（2017）。科技干擾對員工工作投入及生活滿意度之影響：職家衝突的觀點（未出版之博士論文）。大同大學。
盧偉斯、洪毓慧（2017）。刑事警察人員的職業家庭衝突感受－兼論對工作滿足的影響。中央警察大學警察行政管理學報，13，39-55。
謝雨生、鄭宜仲（2000）。潛在結構模式（Latent Structure Models）在行為科學中的應用。長庚護理雜誌，11（4），36-45。
Abed, R. (2018, December 21). Jeff Bezos says forget work-life balance: here's what entrepreneurs should do instead. Inc.com. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.inc.com/robbie-abed/jeff-bezos-says-forget-work-life-balance-heres-what-entrepreneurs-should-do-instead.html
Adisa, T. A., Gbadamosi, G., Mordi, T., & Mordi , C. (2019). In search of perfect boundaries? Entrepreneurs’ work-life balance. Personnel Review, 48(6), 1634-1651.
Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000). All in a day's work: Boundaries and micro role transitions. The Academy of Management Review, 25, 472-491.
Bailyn, L., Drago, R., & Kochran, T. A. (2001). Integrating work and family life: A holistic approach. A report of the Sloan Work-Family Policy Network. MIT, Sloan School of Management.
Baral, R., & Bhargava, S. (2011a). Examining the moderating influence of gender on the relationships between work-family antecedents and WFE. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 26(2), 122-147.
Baral, R., & Bhargava, S. (2011b). Predictors of work-family enrichment. Journal of Indian Business Research, 3(4), 220-243.
Bergman, L. R., & Magnusson, D. (1997). A person-oriented approach in research on developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 291-319.
Bosma, N., & Kelley, D. (2019). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2018/2019 global report. Global entrepreneurship monitor.
Boyar, S. L., Campbell, N. S., Mosley, D. C. Jr., & Carson, C. M. (2014). Development of a work/family social support measure. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(7), 901-920.
Braun, S., & Nieberle, K. W. A. M. (2017). Authentic leadership extends beyond work: A multilevel model of work-family conflict and enrichment. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(6), 780-797.
Brayfield, A., Jones, R. K., & Adler, M. A. (2001). Harmonizing work & family in the European Union: Public perceptions of children as an obstacle to women’s employment. In T. V. D. Lippe, & L. V. Dijk (Eds). Women’s employment in a comparative perspective: Integrating micro and macro approaches (1st ed., pp. 179-202). Aldine de Gruyter.
Brue, K.L. (2018). Harmony and help: Recognizing the impact of work-life balance for women leaders. Journal of Leadership Education, 17(4), 219-243.
Calvin, O., & Jeyaraj, S. (2013) Work-life interventions: A review on balance, harmony, and creativity as an indicator of policy effectiveness. In Mandal P. (Eds). Proceedings of the International Conference on Managing the Asian Century (1st ed., pp. 145-152). Springer.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 249-276.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work-family interface: Development and validation of a work-family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 131-164.
Chen, L. G. (2019). Taiwanese tech startups aim to usher in the next golden age. Taiwan Tech Arena, 1, 1.
Cho, E. (2020). Examining boundaries to understand the impact of COVID-19 on vocational behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 1-3.
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53, 747-770.
Clark, S. C. (2002). Communicating across the work/home border. Community, Work, and Family, 5(1), 23-48.
Croom, R. M., & Miller, C. D. (2018). Mompreneurship as a path to work-life harmony: Role conflict as an antecedent for entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship, 29(2), 1-22.
Danes, S. M., Craft, S. M., Jang, J., & Lee, J. (2013). Liability of newness: Assessing couple social support when starting a new business venture. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 39(4), 515-529.
DeMartino, R., & Barbato, R. (2003). Differences between women and men MBA entrepreneurs: Exploring family flexibility and wealth creation career motivators. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 815-832.
Desrochers, S., ＆ Sargent, L. D. (2004). Boundary/border theory and work-family integration. Organization Management Journal, 1, 40-48.
Desrochers, S., Hilton, J. M., & Larwood, L. (2005). Preliminary validation of the work-family integration-blurring scale. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 442-466.
Dorenkamp, I., & Ruhle, S. (2019). Work-life conflict, professional commitment, and job satisfaction among academics. Journal of Higher Education, 90(1), 56-84.
Drummond, S., O’Driscoll, M. P., Brough, P., Kalliath, T., Siu, O.-L., Timms, C., & Riley, D. (2017). The relationship of social support with well-being outcomes via work-family conflict: moderating effects of gender, dependants and nationality. Human Relations, 70(5), 544-565.
Edralin, D. M. (2013). Work and life harmony: An exploratory case study of EntrePinays. DLSU Business & Économies Review, 22(2), 15-36.
Egbert, N. (2014). Social support and support groups. In T. L. Thompson (Ed). Encyclopedia of Health Communication (1st ed.). Sage. Retrieved April 29, 2020, from https://sk.sagepub.com/Reference//encyclopedia-of-health-communication/n520.xml
Eker, I., & Özmete, E. (2012). Harmony between work-family life and individual life: the reflection of the demands of working and family lives on individual life. İİB International Refereed Academic Social Sciences Journal, 3(4), 62-91.
Eurofound (n.d.). Working time and work-life balance. Eurofound. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/de/observatories/eurwork/about-eurwork/working-time-and-work-life-balance
Fagan, C., Lyonette, C., Smith, M., & Saldaña-Tejeda, A. (2015). The influence of working time arrangements on work-life integration or ‘balance’: A review of the international evidence. International Labour Organization.
Fernando, W. D. A., & Cohen, L. (2013). The rhetoric and reality of home-work harmonization: A study of highly skilled Sri Lankan women from public and private sector organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(15). 2876-2893.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77 (1), 65-78.
Gözü, C., Anandarajan, M., & Simmers, C. A. (2015). Work-family role integration and personal well-being: The moderating effect of attitudes towards personal web usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 159-167.
Graham, P. (2012). Startup = Growth. Paulgraham.com. Retrieved March 4, 2020, from http://paulgraham.com/growth.html
Graves, L. M., Ohlott, P. J., & Ruderman, M. N. (2007). Commitment to family roles: Effects on managers’ attitudes and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 44-56.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources and conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and families are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shawc, J. D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 510-531.
Gutek, B. A., Searle, S., & Kelpa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 560-568.
Haeger, D. L., & Linghamb, T. (2014). A trend toward work-life fusion: A multi-generational shift in technology use at work. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 89, 316-325.
Hall, D. T., & Richter, J. (1988). Balancing work life and home life: What can organizations do to help? Academy of Management Perspectives, 2(3), 213–223.
Halpern, D. F., & Cheun, F. M. (2008). Work‐family spillover: From conflict to harmony. In D. F. Halpern & F. M. Cheun (Eds.), Women at the top: powerful leaders tell us how to combine work and family (1st ed., pp. 131-153). Wiley-Blackwell.
Hao, J., Wang, J., Liu, L., Wu, W., & Wu, H. (2016). Perceived organizational support impacts on the associations of work-family conflict or family-work conflict with depressive symptoms among Chinese doctors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 326.
Heery, E., & Noon, M. (2008). Working time. A Dictionary of Human Resource Management (2 rev. ed.). Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199298761.001.0001/acref-9780199298761-e-1415
Hill, E. J., Allen, S., Jacob, J., Bair, A. F., Bikhazi, S. L., Langeveld, A. V., Martinengo, G., Parker, T. T., Walker, E. (2007). Work-family facilitation: Expanding theoretical understanding through qualitative exploration. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 9, 507-526.
Holden, J. (2008). Principles of entrepreneurship. US Department of State Publications. Retrieved April 28, 2020, from https://web-archive-2017.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/PUBS/Entrepreneurship/index.htm
Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
International Labour Organization (2019). Guide to developing balanced working time arrangements. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organization.
Jennings, J. E., Breitkreuz, R. S., & James, A. E. (2013). When family members are also business owners: Is entrepreneurship good for families? Family Relations, 62(3), 472-489.
Kalliath, P., Kalliath, T., & Chan, C. (2015). Work-family conflict and family-work conflict as predictors of psychological strain: Does social support matter? British Journal of Social Work, 45, 2387-2405.
Karatepe, O. M. & Kilic, H. (2015). Does manager support reduce the effect of work-family conflict on emotional exhaustion and turnover Intentions? Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 14(3), 267-289.
King, L. A., Mattimore, L. K., King, D. W., & Adams, G. A. (1995). Family support inventory for workers: A new measure of perceived social support from family members. Journal of Organization Behavior, 16(3), 235-258.
Kirkwood, J. (2016). How women and men business owners perceive success. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(5), 594-615.
Kumar, A., Channa, K. A., & Maharvi, M. W. (2018). Individualism versus collectivism orientation as moderator between co-workers’ social support and work to family enrichment. Journal of Accounting- Business & Management, 25(2), 1-9.
Lapierre, L. M., Li, Y., Kwan, H. K., Greenhaus, J. H., DiRenzo, M. S., & Shao, P. (2018). A meta‐analysis of the antecedents of work-family enrichment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(4), 385-401.
Lavassani, K. M., & Movahedi, B. (2014). Developments in theories and measures of work-family relationships: From conflict to balance. Contemporary Research on Organization Management and Administration, 2(1), 6-19.
Leung, L., & Zhang, R. (2017). Mapping ICT use at home and telecommuting practices: A perspective from work/family border theory. Telematics and Informatics, 34(1), 385-396.
Liu, H., & Cheung, F. M. (2015). The role of work-family role integration in a job demands-resources model among Chinese secondary school teachers. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 288-298.
Lu, C.-q., Lu, J.-J., Du, D.-y., & Brough, P. (2016). Crossover effects of work-family conflict among Chinese couples. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(1), 235-250.
Marques, A. M., Chambel, M. J., & Pinto, I. (2015). The exchange relationship between work-family enrichment and affective commitment: The moderating role of gender. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18(e35), 1-11.
Mathew, R. V., & Panchanatham, N. (2011). An exploratory study on the work-life balance of women entrepreneurs in South India. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(2), 77-105.
Matzek, A. E., Gudmunson, C.G., & Danes, S. M. (2010). Spousal capital as a resource for couples starting a business. Family Relations, 59(1), 60-73.
Mauno, S., De Cuyper, N., Kinnunen, U., Ruokolainen, M., Rantanen, J., & Mäkikangas, A. (2015). The prospective effects of work-family conflict and enrichment on job exhaustion and turnover intentions: comparing long-term temporary vs. permanent workers across three waves. Work and Stress, 29(1), 75-94.
McMillan, H. S., Morris, M. L., & Atchley, E. K. (2011). Constructs of the work/ life interface: A synthesis of the literature and introduction of the concept of work/life harmony. Human Resource Development Review, 10(1), 6-25.
Mellner, C., Aronsson, G., & Kecklund, G. (2014). Boundary management preferences, boundary control, and work-life balance among full-time employed professionals in knowledge-intensive, flexible. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 4(4), 7-23.
Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of workfamily conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 689-725.
Michel, R. D. J. & Michel, C. E. J. (2015). Work schedule flexibility, work-family enrichment and job satisfaction. Journal of behavioural Sciences, 25(1), 78-90.
Morparia, K. (2016). Work-life balance: Striking the right chords for harmony. Frontiers in Pediatrics,3, 122.
Morris, M. L. & McMillan, H. S. (2014). Guiding HRD research in the work/life interface. In N. E. Chalofsky, T. S. Rocco, & M. L. Morris (Eds.). Handbook of Human Resource Development (1st ed., pp. 228-245). JohnWiley & Sons, Inc.
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410.
OECD (1994). Working-time arrangements. OECD Employment Outlook. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=3552
Perry-Jenkins, M., Repetti, R. L., & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Work and family in the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 981-998.
Rapaport, R., Bailyn, L., Fletcher, J. K., & Pruitt, B. H. (2002). Beyond work-family balance: Advancing gender equity and workplace performance (1st ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Rudkin, L., & Indrikovs, I.-M. (2021). Social support. In D. J. Ekerdt (Ed). Encyclopedia of aging. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/social-support
Śledzik, K. (2013). Schumpeter’s view on innovation and entrepreneurship. In S. Hittmar (Ed.), Management trends, in theory and practice (pp. 89-95). University of Zilina & Insitute of Management by University of Zilina.
Son, Y. H. & Park, J. Y. (2014). The effects of work-life harmony and leader-member exchange on organizational commitment: Happiness at work as a mediator. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 27(2), 317-338.
Stamm, I. S. (2015). Coordination tasks and negotiation modes of linked lives in entrepreneurial families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(4), 939-956.
Startups.com LLC The Startups Team (n.d.). Everything you need to know about startup founders and co-founders. Startups.com LLC. Retrieved March 4, 2020, from https://www.startups.com/library/expert-advice/startup-founders-and-cofounders
Stum, D. L. (2001). Maslow revisited: Building the employee commitment pyramid. Strategy & Leadership, 29(4), 4-9.
Sukalova, V., Ceniga, P., & Janotova, H. (2015). Harmonization of work and family life in company management in Slovakia. Procedia Economics and finance, 26, 152-159.
The Economist Newspaper (2019). Idea: Entrepreneurship. The Economist Newspaper. Retrieved November 29, 2019, from https://www.economist.com/news/2009/04/27/entrepreneurship
Thornthwaite, L. (2004). Working time and work-family balance: A review of employees’ preferences. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 42(2), 166-184.
Tinsley, H. E. A. & Tinsley, D. J. (1987). Uses of factor analysis in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(4), 414-424.
Vaziri, H., Casper, W. J., Wayne, J. H., & Matthews, R. A. (2020). Changes to the work-family interface during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining predictors and implications using latent transition analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(10), 1073-1087.
Voydanoff, P. (2004). The effects of work demands and resources on work-to-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 398-412.
Wang, M. L., & Tsai, L. J. (2014). Work-family conflict and job performance in nurses: the moderating effects of social support. The Journal of Nursing Research, 22(3), 200-207.
Wiley, A. R., Branscomb, K., & Wang, Y. Z. (2007). Intentional harmony in the lives of working parents: Program development and evaluation. Family Relations, 56, 318-328.