研究生: |
蕭弘佳 Hsiao, Hung-Chia |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
旅館業接待陸客低價團服務應對之研究 The Countermeasures in Response to Mainland China Tourists of Low-Cost Package Groups. |
指導教授: |
王國欽
Wang, Kuo-Ching |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所 Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management |
論文出版年: | 2018 |
畢業學年度: | 106 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 116 |
中文關鍵詞: | 大陸旅客 、陸客低價團 、文化差異 、顧客不文明行為 、服務應對策略 |
英文關鍵詞: | Chinese Visitors, Chinese Low-Price Tour Groups, Cultural differences, Customers’ Uncivilized Behavior, Service Coping Strategy |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.GSLHM.001.2018.A05 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:177 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
交通部觀光局各項統計顯示,自2008年政府開放陸客來臺旅遊及2011年6月開放陸客來臺自由行,大陸旅客來臺人數逐年成長,其排名位居來臺觀光主要客源之首,截至2017年8月止,陸客來臺觀光共計2,449萬1,031人次,觀看歷年觀光外匯收入2008~2015年間,觀光外匯收入從59.4億元大幅成長至143.9億元,複合成長率11.7%,遠高於2000~2008年5.3%的水準。旅遊旺季時,全臺旅館總客房量時常供不應求,故近幾年旅館業如雨後春筍般的開幕。陸客雖然為臺灣帶來整體之高觀光經濟效益,但旅客之特性、旅行習慣與文化差異時常讓旅館業者困擾頻頻,陸客來臺觀光大多透過當地旅行社參加團體旅遊,依照其旅遊行程及團費等級,旅客之生活水平及文化差異有明顯的不同,尤其零團費或低價團更為顯著。舉凡較不注重餐桌禮儀、客房內外之各項設備不當使用、特殊衛生習慣、於禁煙區吸煙…等,讓旅館業者傷腦筋也無可奈何,有些旅館甚至明文公告拒絕接待大陸籍旅客。過往文獻主要從旅遊動機、重遊意願、消費者滿意度…等探討,尚未有研究從低價團之大陸籍旅客切入,本研究使用質性研究透過焦點團體訪談及六位專家深度訪談,資料蒐集後利用內容分析法,分析、歸類與命名,找出陸客低價團造成旅館業者最常碰到之困擾及處理方法,結論:發現各家飯店針對服務大陸籍旅客都有類似困擾,但處理這類問題無一定標準與參考資料,大多依照前輩經驗處理,產生實務操作上之缺口;文獻多於整理與調查陸客特殊的生活習慣或旅遊行為,但無進一步與飯店實際操作連結,產生理論上之缺口。本研究彙整旅館服務各類困擾,針對問題制定有效又創新之服務應對,提供業者事前預防及事後處理之細部方法,在面對相同問題時能有一套參考依據。
Statistics from Tourism Bureau, M.O.T.C. Repblic of China (Taiwan) showthat since Taiwan’s government launched open-door policy to Mainland Chinese Tourists in 2008 and later allowed the Free-Independent Travelers (FIT) from Mainland China to visit Taiwan in June, 2011, tourists from Mainland China have grown year by year. Up to August, 2017, the inbound tourists from Mainland China is around 244,910,311 passengers in total. The total amount of annual income from visitor expenditure was slightly decreased (around 13.37 billion) in 2016. However, from 2008 to 2015, the income from visitor expenditure has dramatically increased from 5.94 to 14.39 billion, compounding annual growth rate is 11.7% which is higher than the rate 5.3% in year 2000 to 2008. The visitor expenditure in Taiwan increased considerably due to the inbound tourists from Mainland China. With the execution of "Three Direct Links" for postal, air and shipping service and trade between Mainland China and Taiwan. Mainland Chinese tourists who visited Taiwan have greatly increased and the number of Mainland Chinese tourisrs rank as the top among Taiwan’s inbound tourists.
The total amounts of hotel rooms are usually in short supply in season, and therefore, many hotels spring up in the recent years. Although Mainland Chinese tourists generate substantial economic benefits to Taiwan, traveler's characteristics, behavior, travel custom and cultural differences frequently trouble hoteliers. Most Mainland Chinese travelers participate in group package tour through the local travel agency, and based on the level of itineraries, tour fee, passenger's standard living and culture differences are obviously different, and this phenomenon is especially significant in Zero or Low-cost group. For example, they might pay less attention to table manners; use the facilities inside and outside the rooms inappropriately, special hygiene behavior, and ignore the no-smoking signs and smoke in that area, etc. Regarding these behavior, hoteliers find no way to change the situation, some hotels even explicitly prohibit from accepting tourists from Mainland China.
From the literature review, I found that most of the paper mainly focus on the travel motivation, repeat travel wishes, consumer satisfaction, etc. Till now, there is no research focus on the tourist from Mainland China joining the low-cost group. In this research, we conduct the research through focus group interviews and invite six experts to have in-depth interviews. After collecting data, content analysis will be used. With analysis, classification and naming, the problems and their solutions that hoteliers will encounter when they serve the tourists from low-cost tour package tour will be found.
In conclusion, I found that all of the hotels that serve tourists from Mainland China have similar problems; however, there is no standard and reference for handling such problems. Most of the hoteliers will cope with the problems based on the seniors’ experiences, and this results in the practical operation gap; the literature only collates and investigate Mainland Chinese visitors’ special habits and travel behavior. Nevertheless, there is no further link between the literature and hotel's actual operation, and this thus generates a theoretical gap.
In this study, through the qualitative research, we have collected all kinds of troubles from hotel service; we formulated effective and innovative service responses to the problems in order to provide the hoteliers with detailed precautionary and post-processing methods. When they face the same problems, they can have a set of reference.
丁智淵 (2005)。從文化差異角度看製造業中階管理者對外籍勞工領導模式-以中部地區為例 (未出版碩士論文)。大葉大學,彰化縣。
文崇一、楊國樞 (2000)。訪問調查法:社會及行為科學研究法下冊。臺北市:東華。
王淑美、溫蓓章 (2010)。開放陸客來臺旅遊經濟效益分析。遠景基金會季刊,11(3),133-175。
王舜皇(2014)。旅館業發展 (電子版)。取自http//igt.twvs.tnc.edu.tw/assets/attached/3231/original/%E6%97%85%E9%A4%A8%E6%A5%AD%E8%AC%9B%E7%BE%A9102.3.pdf?1378091411
吳勉勤 (2010)。旅館管理理論與實務。新北市:華立。
吳思華 (2000)。策略九說-策略思考的本質。臺北市:臉譜。
宋傳津 (2016),陸客來臺對觀光休閒業之衝擊影響 (未出版碩士論文)。美和科技大學,屏東縣。
李明峰 (2010)。全面開放大陸旅客來臺對臺灣觀光旅館之衝擊 (未出版碩士論文)。國立暨南大學,南投縣。
李政賢 (譯) (2006)。質性研究設計與計畫撰寫。臺北市:五南。(Marshall & Rossman 1999)
李梵宮 (2015)。華語導遊之職能分析-旅行社主管觀點 (未出版碩士論文)。景文科技大學,新北市。
李淑宏 (2000)。因為旅行,所以存在—旅行世紀的台灣新世代 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,台北市。
沈青慧 (1995)。半自助旅遊產品之消費者行為研究─以定點旅遊為實證研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,臺北市。
沈冠亞、許傳萍 (2014,7月13日)。零團費對台灣旅遊產業之影響。中央網路報。
http://www.cdnews.com.tw/cdnews_site/docDetail.jsp?coluid=141&docid=102828950
周逸衡、凌儀 (譯) (2005)。服務業行銷。臺北市:台灣培生教育。(Lovelock and Wirtz 2004)。
林中熙 (2013)。兩岸自由行對臺灣飯店產業的影響與未來發展 (未出版碩士論文)。淡江大學,新北市。
林信宏 (2010),台灣飯店業顧客不當行為影響因素之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
林燈燦 (2003)。服務品質管理。臺北市:品度。
亮 (2016,10月13日)。住宿服務業與觀光產業:誰是風誰是草?。遠見StockFeel股感知識庫。https://www.gvm.com.tw/article.html?id=34926
姚德雄 (2004)。旅館產業的開發與規劃。臺北市:揚智文化。
姚德雄 (2004)。旅館設施的規劃設計。臺北市:品度。
范世平 (2003),中資旅遊業搞一條龍搶灘入台,中國通財經月刊,108,76-79。
范世平 (2004)。從國家行銷角度分析中國大陸入境旅遊產業之競爭優勢。遠景基金會季刊,5(2),69-104。
范世平 (2006)。開放中國大陸民眾來臺旅遊法制遞嬗與影響之研究。遠景基金會季刊,7(2),217-267。
范世平 (2010)。從大陸觀光客來台看中共對台政策變遷的政治意涵。東亞研究,41(2),1-40。
范振和、徐庭揚、黃宏璣、杜宗熹 (2016,5月19日)。陸客不來台,兩岸旅遊一條龍恐變色。聯合新聞網。取自https//www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwinoKXVzZfYAhVLJJQKHSZwD7kQygQIKjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.udn.com%2Fudnpaper%2FPID0005%2F297422%2Fweb%2F%233L-7447869L&usg=AOvVaw2zW_-hj22xMFAaDk4U5n-P
范智明 (2010)。大陸旅客來台接待實務。取自http//www.cnfi.org.tw/cnfi/business2/99cls/01.pdf
范智明 (2010)。接待大陸旅客應注意事項。取自 http//admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/contentFile/auser/J/201010/2010_learning_hotel/07-991012-2.pdf
孫慶文 (1999)。旅遊實務。臺北市:揚智文化。
容繼業 (1996)。旅行業理論與實務。臺北市:揚智文化。
高文彬 (1993)。消費者資訊搜尋行為之研究-以旅行社旅遊團為實證 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,臺北市。
張致遠 (2015)。從陸客低價團現象探討華語導遊相關法規之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。南華大學,嘉義縣。
張德儀、汪芷榆、杜宜芳 (2014)。陸客來台旅遊購物騷擾現象之探討,島嶼觀光研究,7(4),48-72。
張醒亞 (2013)。陸客觀光團華語導遊之現況分析 (未出版之碩士論文)。南華大學,嘉義縣。
章美英、許麗齡 (2006)。質性研究--焦點團體訪談法之簡介與應用。護理雜誌,53(2),67-72。
郭德賓 (2006)。餐飲業難纏顧客之研究-以台灣地區國際觀光旅館餐廳為例,顧客滿意學刊,2 (2),1-26。
陳立群 (2011)。大陸人士來臺觀光對高雄國際旅館產業之影響 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立中山大學,高雄市。
陳亦先 (2014,01月02日)。《觀光股》攻平價住房商機,國賓中山Amba館拚年底開幕。時報資訊。 http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140102004503-260410
陳如嬌 (2014,8月20日)。陸客團變購物團臺恐淪香港第二。蘋果即時。
http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20140629/424672/
陳俊旭 (2008)。旅館業的經營績效評估 (未出版碩士論文)。中華大學,新竹市。
陳相明 (2002)。教師如何作質的研究。臺北市:洪葉。
陳嘉隆、林怡君 (2004)。旅客與旅行業者對旅遊相關法令之認知研究。觀光研究學報,10(4),58-68。
陳睿中 (2015,3月30日)。台灣旅館業面臨衝擊!陳煜川:品牌與市場區隔是大趨勢。ETtoday旅遊雲。
https://www.ettoday.net/news/20150330/484609.htm?feature=88&tab_id=89
傅敬一 (1990)。行職業展望-旅館業。取自:
http://w3.tpsh.tp.edu.tw/organization/shcool/intro1/workinrto/001/009/a031/index.htm
曾煥玫 (2000)。女性自助旅行者的旅行經驗研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,臺北市。
鈕先鉞 (2009)。旅館營運管理與實務 (第二版)。臺北市:揚智文化。
閔辰華 (校閱) (2004)。房務管理Housekeeping Management。臺北市:揚智文化。(Kappa, M. M., Nitschke, A., & Schappert, P. B. 2004)
黃良志、黃家齊、溫金豐、廖文志與韓志翔 (2013)。人力資源管理-理論與實務。臺北市:華泰文化。
黃博寧 (2015)。盧國屏:兩岸文化已是“同根而不同質”。取自
http://hk.crntt.com/crn-webapp/mag/docDetail.jsp?coluid=0&docid=103900994
黃寶慧 (2011,6月)。陸客來台旅遊參與行為與服務品質滿意度、產品屬性滿意度及 重遊意願關聯性之研究。以口頭形式發表於2011年海峽兩岸產業創新與創意管理趨勢研討會,臺中市,臺灣。全文引自
http://ir.lib.cyut.edu.tw:8080/bitstream/310901800/8035/1/2010.06.18
楊上輝 (2009)。旅館經營管理實務。臺北市:揚智文化。
楊明青 (2005)。統計顯示來台旅客以日本最多其次為港澳美國。取自
http://www.tcoc.org.tw/articles/20050312-cbbbe90f
楊政樺、陳光華、盧衍良、陳佩珍 (2015)。流不流連、百年依戀:陸客來臺自由行之行為意圖,運輸學刊,385-414。
楊欽榮 (2014)。陸客自由行旅遊消費行為之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。靜宜大學,臺中市。
董以斯帖 (2016,9月13日)。【調查】誰在操控低價遊台灣的陸客團?。端傳媒。
https://theinitium.com/article/20160913-taiwan-Chinese-tourists/
董孟修 (2013)。華語導遊接待陸客低價團之研究,觀光休閒學報,19(3),233-255。
董孟修 (2015)。陸客低價團購物站購物之研究,島嶼觀光研究,8(1),1-24。
董昕俞 (2012)。在開放陸客來臺政策下對臺灣國際觀光旅館經營績效的影響因素之探討 (未出版碩士論文)。大葉大學,彰化縣。
詹益政 (1992)。現代旅館實務。臺北市:品度。
詹益政、黃清峯 (2005)。餐旅業經營管理。臺北市:五南圖書。
詹棟樑 (2000)。教育大辭書。取自
http//pedia.cloud.edu.tw/Entry/Detail/?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%AE%E7%95%B0
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2001)。交通部觀光政策白皮書。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/contentFile/auser/b/wpage/page1.htm
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2009)。觀光局觀光政策施政重點。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/public/public.aspx?no=122#T2009
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2014)。觀光市場概況概要。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/release.aspx?no=136
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2016)。旅館業(一般旅館)家數、房間數 、員工人數統計。取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/statistic/20160721/1f2c2834-a62e-4c4b-80c1-930607d1ec44.xls
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2017)。2016年歷年來臺旅客統計。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/statistic/20170209/3915bdb1-7bce-426e-b4e0-1fde24a17c6c.xls
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2017)。星級旅館評鑑作業要點 (105年修正版)。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/law/law_d.aspx?no=130&d=657
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2017)。星級旅館評鑑計畫 (105年修正版)。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/law/law_d.aspx?no=130&d=658
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2017)。旅行業接待大陸地區人民來臺觀光旅遊團品質注意事項。取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/law/20171115/c51edab9-17b7-415f-88c4-88a0c62aa6c2.pdf
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2017)。旅館及民宿。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/public/public.aspx?no=145
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2017)。歷年觀光外匯收入統計。取自
http//admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/contentFile/auser/b/annual_statistical_2014_htm/Chinese/htm/p16.htm
臺灣交通部觀光局 (2017)。觀光發展條例。取自
http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/law/law_d.aspx?no=130&d=718
劉子豪 (1998)。觀光團體全備旅遊知覺風險與資訊蒐尋關聯性之研究-以臺北市居民為例 (未出版碩士論文)。國立交通大學,新竹市。
劉元安 (校閱) (2004)。客務部經營與管理 Managing Front office Operations。臺北市:揚智文化。 (Kasavana, M.L., & Brools, R. M. 2004)
潘淑滿 (2003)。質性研究:理論與應用。臺北市:心理。
鄭麗萍 (2008),中國大陸人民來臺觀光之藍海策略 (未出版碩士論文)。環球技術學院,雲林縣。
鍾任榮 (2017)。開放兩岸觀光後旅行業與導遊從業人員之發展課題分析 (未出版碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
顧景昇 (2004)。旅館管理。臺北市:揚智文化。
Al-Khatib, J. A., Vitell, S. J., & Rawwas, M. Y. (1997). Consumer ethics:A cross-cultural investigation. European Journal of Marketing, 31(11/12), 750-767.
Berelson (1952). Content Analysis in Communication Research. New York:The Free Press.
Bonnie, J. K.C., & Borchgrevink, B.W. (1999). Validating typology of the customer from hell. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 6 (3), 5-22.
Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and structure. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
Chen, W. Y., Wang, K. C., Luoh, H. F., Shih, J. F., & You, Y. S. (2014). Does a friendly hotel room increase senior group package tourists’ satisfaction? A field experiment. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,19 (8), 950-970.
Crabtree, B. F., Yanoshik, M., Miller, W. L., & O’Connor, P. (1993). Selecting individual or group interviews. In D. L. Morgan (Ed.), Successful focus groups: Advancing the state of the art. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Decrop, A. (1999). Triangulation in qualitative tourism research. Tourism management, 20 (1), 157-161.
Dickens, P. (1996). Human services as service industries. The Service Industries Journal, 16 (1), 82-91.
Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1993). Protocol analysis:Verbal reports as data (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
Fullerton, R. A., & Punj, G. (1993). Choosing to misbehavior:A structural model of aberrant consumer behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 20 (1), 570-574.
Fullerton, R. A., & Punj, G. (1997). The unintended consequences of the culture of consumption:An historical-theoretical analysis of consumer misbehavior. Consumption, Markets and Culture, 1 (3), 1-31.
Fullerton, R. A., & Punj, G. (2004). Repercussions of promoting an ideology of consumption: Consumer misbehavior. Journal of Business Research, 57 (11), 1239-1249.
Gordon Fullerton (2005). The service quality–loyalty relationship in retail services:Does commitment matter?. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 12 (2), 99-111.
Gronroos. (2000).Service Management and Marketing:A Customer Relationship Management Approach. Chichester, New York:Wiley.
Grove, S. J., & Fisk, R. P. (1997). The Impact of Other Customers on Service Experiences:A Critical Incident Examination of ” Getting Along”. Journal of Retailing, 73(1), 63-85.
Grove, S. J., Fisk, R. P., & Dorsch, M. J. (1998). Assessing the theatrical components of the service encounter:A cluster analysis examination. Service Industries Journal, 18(3), 116-134.
Grove, S. J., Vitell, S. J., & Strutton, D. (1989). Non-normative consumer behavior and the techniques of neutralization. In Proceedings of the 1989 AMA Winter Educators Conference 131,135. Chicago, IL:American Marketing Association.
Harris, L. C., & Reynolds, L. L. (2003). The consequences of dysfunctional customer behavior. Journal of Services Research, 6 (2), 144-161
Harris, L. C., & Reynolds, L. L. (2004). Jaycustomer behavior:An exploration of types and motives in hospitality industry. Journal of Services Marketing, 18 (5), 339-357.
Harris, L. C., & Reynolds, L. L. (2006). Deviant customer behavior:An exploration of frontline employee tactics. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 14 (2), 95-111.
Huefner, J. C. and Hunt, H. K. (2000). Consumer retaliation as a response to dissatisfaction. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior, 13, 61-82.
Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of consumer research, 4(1), 8-18.
Keaveney, S. M. (1995). Customer Switching Behavior in Service Industries:An Exploratory Study. Journal of Marketing, 59 (2), 71-82.
Kotler, P. (1994). Marketing management. NJ:Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing management:Analysis, planning, implementation and control. NJ:Prentice-Hall
Kotler. (2003). Marketing Management (11th ed.). Ninth Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Krych, R. (1989). Abnormal consumer behavior:A model of addictive behaviors. Advances in Consumer Research, 16, 745-748.
Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). A naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park. California:Sage Publications.
Lovelock, C. (1994). Product Plu:How Product + Service=Competitive Advantage. New York:Mc Graw-Hill.
Marshall & Rossman (1995)。Designing qualitative research (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Martin, C. L. (1996). Consumer-to-Consumer Relationships:Satisfaction with Other Consumers’ Public Behavior. The Journal of consumer Affairs, 30 (1), 146-169.
Martin, C. L., & Pranter, C. A. (1989). Compatibility management:Customer‐to‐Customer relationships in service environments. Journal of Services Marketing, 3 (3), 5-15.
Miller, W., & Crabtree, B. (1999). Depth interviewing, In Miller &; Crabtree (eds.) Doing Qualitative Research. Newbury Park, Calif:Sage.
Moore, R., Moore, M. L., & Capella, M. (2005). The impact of customer-to-customer interactions in a high personal contact service setting. Journal of Services Marketing, 19 (7), 482-491.
Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus groups as qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thounsand Oaks, CA:Sage.
Patton, M.Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Quinn (1980). Strategies for Change:Logical Incrementalism. Homewood, III:Irwin.
Rodie, A., & Martin, C. (2001). Competing in the service sector. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 7 (1), 5-21.
Sathe. (1983). Implications of corporate culture: a manager’s guide to action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research:Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Thomas, D. R. (2000). A general Inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27 (2),237-246.
Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., Chou, S. H., & Lin, Y. S. (2007). GPTCCC:An instrument for measuring group package tour service. Tourism Management, 28 (2), 361-376.
Wang, K. C., Jao, P. C., Chan, H. C., & Chung, C. H. (2010). Group package tour leader's intrinsic risks. Annals of Tourism Research, 37 (1), 154-179.
Yi, Y., & Gong, T. (2013). Customer value co-creation behavior:Scale development and validation. Journal of Business Research, 66 (9), 1279-1284.