本研究主要目的，包括：(1)瞭解國中生主要的生活壓力事件為何；(2)瞭解國中生社會支持的來源及程度如何；(3)瞭解國中生面對生活壓力時，主要採取的因應行為為何；(4)瞭解國中生身心健康狀況為何；(5)探討不同社會人口學變項（年級、性別、居住狀況、家庭結構、家庭社經地位）的國中生，其生活壓力、社會支持、與因應行為的差異情形；(6)探討主觀生活壓力、社會支持、因應行為與身心健康的關係。
本研究以桃園巿六所國中為母群體，採多步驟抽樣法，隨機抽取兩所學校，共計有效問卷455份(98.5%)，研究結果摘要如下：
1.國中生在日常生活中，面臨最多的主觀生活壓力事件，依序為：學校生活事件、家庭生活事件、自我相關事件、異性交往事件。主觀生活壓力有年級、性別、居住狀況、家庭結構、家庭社經地位的差異。
2.國中生遭遇生活壓力時，提供社會支持的來源，主要為家人，其次為同學，最後為師長。整體而言，國中生獲得社會支持的方式以訊息性支持最多，其次為情緒性支持，最後為工具性支持。而社會支持有年級、性別的差異。
3.國中生最常使用的因應行為以正向情緒調適最多，其次為主動解決與正向闡釋、尋求社會支持、逃避問題與發洩情緒、轉移注意力。而主動解決與正向闡釋、尋求社會支持兩類因應行為有年級、性別的差異。
4.就國中生各類身心健康問題而言，以社會官能障礙最多，其次為焦慮和不眠症，再其次為身體症狀，最後為嚴重憂鬱症。
5.從各變項與身心健康的關係來看：(1)主觀生活壓力對國中生身心健康具有顯著影響；(2)就社會支持而言，工具性支持具有直接效果與緩衝效果，訊息性、情緒性支持皆不具有直接效果與緩衝效果；(3)就因應行為而言，情緒取向、問題取向因應皆只具有直接效果，而不具有緩衝效果。

The purpose of this study is to understand: (1) the perceptual life stress events of junior high school students; (2) the sources and level of their social support;(3) the coping behaviors when they face stress; (4) psycho-physical health situation; (5) the differentiation of life stress, social support and coping behaviors by grades, sex, resident situation, family structure, family social- economic status; (6) the interrelation of subjective life stress, social support and coping behaviors.
The sample of 455 students is randomly choosed from two of six junior high schools in Tao-yuan through mutil-stage sampling. The findings of this study are as follows:
1.Most of the perceptual life stress events are:(1) school events (2) family events (3) individual events (4) friendship with the other sex. Subjective life stress has significant differences in grades, sex, resident situation, family structure, family social-economic status.
2.When junior high school students face stress, they first seek their families as supporters, then they go for classmates, at last they come to their teachers. In general, the most accessible social support is informational support, the next is emotional support, and the last is instrumental support.
3.The most frequently-used coping behavior is positive emotional adaptation, and the next are active solving & positive reinterpretation, seeking social support, escapism and venting of emotions and seeking diversions. Active solving & positive reinterpretation and seeking social support show differences in grades and sex.
4.As far as psycho-physical health problems are concerned, what happens most is social dysfunction, the next is anxiety & insomnia, then somatic symptoms, and the last is severe depression.
5.In terms of the relation between factors and psycho-physical health: (1)subjective life stress has significant meaning in junior high school students' psycho-physical health problems (2)As for social support, instrumental support has direct effect and buffer effect, whereas informational support and emotional support don't. (3)As for coping behaviors, emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping both have direct effect, but have no buffer effect.

一、中文部份
王佩玲（1987）：高中聯考壓力與國中生身心健康之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
王淑女（1995）：青少年的偏差行為研究報告。私立輔仁大學社會學系。
朱士炘（1988）：青少年生活壓力與適應之研究。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
朱玲億（1989）：影響國三學生身心症狀之因素探討。國立台灣大學公共衛生研究所碩士論文。
江承曉（1991）：青少年的生活壓力、因應行為與其身心健康之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
行政院主計處（1994）：台灣地區青少年調查報告。台北市：行政院主計處。
何茉如（1998）：國中生幽默感對生活壓力、身心健康調節之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
吳宜寧（1996）：青少年的日常生活壓力、社會支持與因應策略之探討-以高中職學生為例。私立東吳大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
吳意玲（1993）：國中學生的困擾問題、因應策略與求助行為之研究。私立東吳大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
李孟智（1996）：青少年醫學與保健。台北市：力大圖書。
李蘭、李明濱、陸玓玲（2000）：青少年的自覺症狀與壓力來源分析。中華精神醫學，4（2），100-109。
邱瓊慧（1988）：社會支持與國中學生的生活壓力及生活適應之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
段亞新（1985）：大學生對生活事件的認知歷程及其身心適應。國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
涂柏原（1987）：國三學生生活壓力、自我強度與學業成就之因果模式。國立台灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
張玨（1987）：大專聯考壓力症候群之探討。公共衛生，6（3），43-53。
張苙雲（1986）：社會變遷中各類社會支持系統功能的討論。行政院研究發展考核委員會：加強家庭促進社會和諧學術研討會論文集，141-161。
張苙雲、吳英璋、胡海國（1985）：生活壓力的概念與測量。中華心理衛生學刊，2（1），137-151。
彭秀玲（1986）：大學生的生活壓力和自我強度對心理健康的影響。國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
黃光國（1970）：生活事件之知覺：非計量多元尺度法之應用。中華心理學刊，22（2），25-32。
黃慧貞（1983）：生活壓力、歸因組型及社會支援與大學生的憂鬱症。國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
葉明華（1981）：生活壓力、自我強度與現在性對心理健康的影響。國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
鄒浮安（1997）：著名高中學生生活壓力及其相關因素之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所博士論文。
廖淳婉（1986）：台北地區高職學生生活壓力與適應之研究。國立台灣大學社會研究所碩士論文。
劉宏信（1991）：社會支持的知覺一致性與人際適應的關係。國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
蔣桂嫚（1993）：高中學生生活壓力、因應方式與身心健康關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
蔡嘉慧(1997)：國中生的社會支持、生活壓力與憂鬱傾向之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
駱重鳴（1983）：生活壓力、適應方式與身心健康。國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文。
謝毓雯（1998）：青少年挫折經驗與挫折忍受度之關係研究：建設性思考與社會支持的角色。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
二、西文部份
Allen, R. D. (1982). Occupational stress and perceived organization effectiveness in formal groups: An examination of stress level and stress type. Personnel Psychology, 35, 359-360.
Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. A. (1987). Does coping help? A reexamination of the relation between coping and mental health. Journal of Persomality and Social Psychology, 53(2), 337-348.
Andrews, G., Tennant., Hewson, D. M., & Vaillant, G. E. (1980). Life events stress, social support, coping style, and risk of psychological impairment. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 166(5), 307-316.
Basch, C. E., & Kersch, T. B. (1986). Adolescent perceptions of stressful life events. Health Education-June/July, 4-7.
Baum, A., Fleming, R., & Singer, J. E. (1983). Coping with victimization by technological disaster, Journal of Social Issues, 39, 117-138.
Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and Organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review. Personnel Psychology, 31(4), 665-699.
Bennett, P., Corcoran, J., Franklin, C. (1998). The use of the social behaviors scale with adolescents, 8(3), 302-313.
Bielianskas, L. A. (1982). Stress and its relationship to health and illness. Boulder, Co: Westview.
Billing, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Coping, stress,and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877-891.
Brownell, A., & Shumaker, S. A. (1984). Social support: An introduction to a complex phenomenon. Journal of Social Issues, 40(4), 1-9.
Boyce, W. T. (1977). Influence of life events and family routines on childhood respiratory tract illness. Pediatrics, 60(4), 609-615.
Burke, R. J., & Weir, T. (1978). Sex differences in adolescent life stress, social support, and well being. Journal of Psychology, 98, 277-288.
Caplan, G. (1974). Support system and community mental health: Lecture on concept development. New York: Behavioral Publications.
Cassel, J. C. (1974). Psychosocial processes and stress. Theoretical formulations. International Journal of Health Services, 4, 471-482.
Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psycho-somatic Medecine, 38, 300-314.
Cobb, S., & Hoberman, H. M. (1983). Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13(2), 99-125.
Cohen, F. (1981). Stress and bodily illness. Psychiatric clinics of north America, 4(2), 269-285.
Cohen, S., & Syme, S. L. (1985). Issues in the study and application of social support. In S. Cohen & S. L, Syme (Eds.), Social Support and Health. Orlando: Academic Press.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
Compas, B. E. (1987). Stress and life events during childhood and adolescence. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 275-302.
Corcoran, J., Franklin, C., & Bennett, P. (1998). The use of the social support behaviors scale with adolescents. Research on Social Work Practice, 8(3), 302-314.
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990). Types of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason & G. R. Pierce (Eds.).Social support : Ani interactional view (pp.319-360). New York: John Willey & Sons.
Davis, M. H., Kraus, L. A., & Morris, M. M. (1998). Relationship- specific and global perceptions of social support: Associations with well-being and attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 468-481.
Dohrenwend, B. S., & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1974). Stressful life events: Their nature and effects. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Egan, G. (1986). The skilled helper. Chicago: Brooks.
Felner, R. D., Farber, S. S., & Primavera, J. (1983). Transitions and stressful life events: A model for primary prevention. In R. D. Felner, L. A. Jason, J. N. Moritsugu, S. S. Farber (Eds.), Preventive psychology： Theory, research, and prevention (pp. 191-215). New York： Pergamon.
Felton, B. J., Revenson, T. A., & Hinrichsen, G. A. (1984). Stress and Coping in the explanation of psychological adjustment among chronically ill adults. Social Science & Medicine, 18, 889-898.
Flaherty, J. A., Gaviria, F. M., & Pathak, D. S. (1983). The measurment of social support network inventory. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 24, 521-529.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S. (1980).An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample.Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Coping and adaptation. In W. D.
Gentry (Eds.), The handbook of behavioral medicine(pp. 282-325). New York: Guilford.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: A study of emotion and coping during three stages college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48(1), 150-170.
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, A. R. (1991). Adolescent coping: The different ways in which boys and girls cope. Journal of Adolescence, 14, 119-133.
Geller, P. A., & Hobfoll, S. E. (1994). Gender differences in job stress, tedium and social support in workplace. Journal of Social and Personal Relations, 11, 555-572.
Gentry, W. D., Kobasa, S. O. C. (1982). Social and psychological resources mediating stress-illness relationship in humans. In W. D. Gentry (Eds.), The handbook of behavioral medicine (Ch4). New York: Guilford .
Gottlieb, B. H. (1983 a). Social support strategies: Guidelines for mental health practice. Beverly Hill: Sage.
Gottlieb, B. H. (1983 b). Social support as a focus or integrative research in psychology. American Psychologist, 38, 278-287.
Groer, M. W., Thomas S. P., Shoffer, D. (1992). Adolescent stress and coping: A longitudinal study. Research in Nursing & Health, 15, 209-217.
Holahan, C. J., & Moos, R. H. (1987). Risk, resistance, and psychological distress: A logitudinal analysis with adults and children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 3-13.
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social reasjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
House, J. S., Robbins, C., & Metzner, H. L. (1982). The association of social relationships and activities with mortality: Prospective evidence from the Tecumseh Community health study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 116, 123-140.
Hurst, Michael W. (1979). Life changes & symptom development: Issues of content, scoring and clustering. In Barrett, et. al (Eds.), Stress and mental disorder. New York: Raven press.
Kessler, R. C., Price, R. H., & Wortman, C. B. (1985). Social factors in psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping process. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 531-572.
Kub, J. E. (1992). Psychological distress in adolescents: A longitudi-
nal study of chronic and interpersonal stressors, life events and social support. Unpublished doctor dissertation, University of Maryland, Baltimore.
Lazarus, R.S., & Launier, R. (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L. A. Pervin & M. Lewis (Eds.), Perspectives in interactional psychology (pp.287-327). New York: Plenum.
Lesko, W. A. & Field, L. S. (1989). Academic stress and health changes in college students. Health Education-February/March, 18-21.
Lin, N., Simeone, R. S., Ensel, W. M., & Kuo, W. (1979). Social support, stressful life events, and illness: A model and an empirical test. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 20, 108-119.
Martin, R. A., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(6), 1313-1324.
Mendez, L. K., Yeaworth, R. C., York, J. A., & Goodwin, T. (1980). Factors influencing adolescents' perceptions of life change events. Nursing Research, 29(6), 384-388.
Miller, N. E. (1981). A perspective on the effects of stress and coping on disease and health. In L. Seymour & U. Holger (Eds.), Coping and health (pp.323-353). New York: Plenum .
Mitchell, R. E., Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1982). Social support and well-being: Implication for preventation programs. Journal of Primary prevention, 3(2), 77-98.
Muller, D. P., Edwarks, D. W., & Yarvis, R. M. (1977). Stressful life events and psychiatric symptomatology: Change of undesirability. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 18, 307-317.
Newcomb, M,D., Huba, G. J., & Bentler, P. M. (1981). A multidimen-sional assessment of stressful life events among adolescents: Derivation and correlates. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 400-415.
Patterson, J. M., & Mccubbin ,H. I. (1987). Adolescent coping style and behaviors: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Adole- scence, 10, 163-186.
Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 2-21.
Price, J. H. (1985). A model for explaining adolescent stress. Health Education-June/July, 36-40.
Raber, S. S. (1992). The relationship between stress, coping efficacy, and psychosomatic illness in adolescence. Unpublished doctor dissertation, Northern Colorado University.
Rabkin, J. G., & Struening, E. L. (1976). Life events, stress and illness. Science, 194, 1013-1020.
Ritter, C. (1985). Social support, social network, and health behaviors. In D. S. Gochman (Eds.), Health behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support : The social support questionaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 127-139.
Schulz, R., & Rau, M. T. (1985). Social support through the life course. In S. Cohen, & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health. Orlando: Academic press.
Segal, M. H. (1979). Cross-Cultural Psychology: Human behavior in global perspective (pp.49-54). Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole.
Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York:Mcgraw-Hill.
Schaefer, C., Coyne, J. C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). The health-related functions of social support. Journal of Behavior Mecidecine, 4, 381-406.
Schuler, T. S. (1980). Definition and conceptualization of stress in organization. Organization Behavior and Human Performance, 25, 184-215.
Stone, A. A., & Neal, J. M. (1984): New measure of dairy coping: Development and preliminary results. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(6), 892-906.
Strubbe, M. A.(1989). An assessment of early adolescent stress factors. Columbus, Ohio: National Middle School Association.
Thoits, P. A. (1982). Conceptualm, methodological, and theotetical problems in studying support as a buffer against life stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23(June), 145-159.
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social support as coping assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 416-423.
Turner, R. J. (1983). Direct, indirect, and moderating effects of social support on psychological distress and associated conditions. In H. B. Kaplas (Eds.), Psychological stress: Trends in theory and research (pp.105-155). New York: Academic.
Vinokur, A. & Selzer, M. L. (1975). Desirable versus undesiable life events: Their relationship to stress and mental distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 329-337.
Wills, T. (1985). Support functions of interpersonal relationships. In S. Cohen, & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 61-78). Orlando: Academic press.