研究生: |
蕭翔友 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
利用128通道低溫超導腦磁儀研究大腦聲音的認知行為 |
指導教授: |
楊鴻昌
Yang, Hong-Chang 洪姮娥 Horng, Herng-Er |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
光電工程研究所 Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2009 |
畢業學年度: | 97 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 46 |
中文關鍵詞: | 腦磁儀,聲音認知 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:133 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
人腦接受到聲音刺激,造成神經元活化,因神經元的活化繼而產生電流,使用128通道腦磁儀量測其產生的磁場,再藉由磁場訊號反推出電流密度分佈區域,即可得知大腦接受刺激時,神經元活化的區域。此法因不用外加磁場,也沒有輻射的危險,用於醫學研究探討,是十分安全的儀器。
實驗主要使用一段長度300 ms、 500 Hz、73分貝的單調音讓受測者的單耳接受聲音刺激,在SQUID感測元件所量測到的人腦磁場訊號中,可以發現當聲音開始以後的100 ms附近會產生峰值,稱為N100m on-response,在聲音結束的100 ms 附近也會產生峰值,稱為N100m off-response。而128通道腦磁儀可以在毫秒的時間等級接收到磁場訊號,故擁有較佳時間的解析度。即是,腦部接收刺激訊號後,可以在毫秒的時間等級,觀察在人腦內部神經元活化的傳遞行為。
在分析上面使用一套軟體CURRY,由獨立成份分析法(independent component analysis)挑出雜訊,找出主要成份:N100m on-response、N100m off-response磁場訊號,計算電流偶極子(current dipole)的方向、位置、大小;並且反推出神經元活化區域 (source localization)。
在給予聲音刺激觀察大腦的神經傳遞行為上,能初步的得知N100m on-response以及N100m off-response二處的神經元活化區座落在聽覺皮質層上。而且經由計算出的電流偶極子也在大腦的聽覺皮質層上,細部上,可觀察出N100m on-response的電流偶極子位置會在聽覺皮質層的外層,而N100m off-response的電流偶極子則位在聽覺皮質層較深層的位置。
聲音震動傳送到內耳,再透過部分的腦幹(耳蝸核和下丘)沿著聽覺神經移動傳達到丘腦,再傳遞到大腦聽覺皮質層。研究中顯示給予左耳聲音刺激時,右腦部份的磁場訊號會最先到鋒值,左腦延遲的時間大致都在10 ms左右;然而給予右耳聲音刺激時左、右腦的延遲時間,則因人而異,主要原因應為左、右腦的不對稱性所導致。
腦磁儀這種非侵入式的量測儀器,不僅能幫助我們研究在給予刺激以後,大腦的反應行為,未來希望也能應用在醫學的檢驗測量上面。
[1] Cohen D., Magnetoencephalography: evidence of magnetic fields produced by alpha rhythm currents. Science. 161, 784. (1968)
[2] R., Picton., The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure. Psychophysiology ,24, 375–425.
[3] Pantev, C., Specific tonotopic organizations of different areas of the human auditory cortex revealed by simultaneous magnetic and electric recordings. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 69, 160–170.
[4] Pantev, C., Hoke, M., Lehnertz, K.,, Anogianakis, G., Tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex revealed by transient auditory evoked magnetic fields. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 94, 26–40.
[5] Crevits L, van Lith G, Viifvinkel-Bruinenga S. On and off contribution to the combined occipital on-off response to a pattern stimulus. Ophthalmologica . 184,169–173. (1982)
[6] Kazuhiro Noda, Mitsuo Tonoike .Auditory evoked off-response:its source distribution is different from that of-response. NeuroReport. 24.
[7] Cohen D., Magnetoencephalography: detection of the brain's electrical activity with a superconducting magnetometer. Science . 175,664-666. (1972)
[8] Jaakko Malmivuo and Robert Plonsey, Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields, Bioelectromagnetism,94 (1), 26–40. (1995)
[9] G.E. Dower, A. Yakushi, S.B. Nazzal, R.V. Jutzy, C.E. and Ruiz. J. Electrocardiology. 21,182. (1988)
[10] Transactions on applied superconductivity, IEEE . Vol. 15, pp.841~851.(2005)
[11] D. Cohen, U. Schläpfer. Ahlfors, and E. Halgren.,New Six-Layer Magnetically-Shielded Room for MEG. Helsinki Univ of Technology.
[12] Fabiani et al. Event-Related Brain Potentials: Methods, Theory, and Apllications. In Handbook of Phychophisiology Ch3.
[13] Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York (2000).
[14] Y H Lee, K K Yu, H Kwon, J M Kim, K Kim, Y K Park, H C Yang, K L Chen, S Y Yang and H E Horng ,A whole-head magnetoencephalography system with compact axial gradiometer structure, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22 045023.
[15] Lauterbur, P.C.Image Formation by Induced Local Interactions: Examples of Employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Nature . 242,190–1.
[16] Filler, AG ,The history, development, and impact of computed imaging in neurological diagnosis and neurosurgery: CT, MRI, DTI.
[17] John Wiley & Sons,Inc, Independent Component Analysis , Aapo hyvarinen. 30-59.
[18] Stephen Roberts,Richard Everson ,Independent Component Analysis:Priciple and practice ,CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.22,334. (2001)
[19] H. L. F. Helmholtz. Ueber einige Gesetze der Vertheilung elektrischer Ströme in körperlichen Leitern mit Anwendung aud die thierisch-elektrischen Versuche, Ann Physik und Chemie Vol. 9, No.211-233.
[20] Wagner, Michael ,Köhler, Thomas; Wischmann,Linear and Nonlinear Current Density Reconstructions Fuchs, Hans-Aloys Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. Volume 16 pp 267-295.
[21] Pascual-Marqui R.D., Standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical detail, Meth. Findings Exp. Clin. Pharmacol . 24D, 5-12. (2002)
[22] RAU R., RASCHKA C.,KOCH H. J., Uniform decrease of alpha-global field power induced by intermittent photic stimulation of healthy subject. Brazilian Journal of Medical or Biological research.
[23] Chun Yu Jin, Dynamic movement of N100m current sources in auditory evoked fields : Comparison of ipsilateral versus contralateral responses in human auditory cortex, Neuroscience . Pages 397-405. (2008)
[24] Salmelin, R.,Functional organization of the auditory cortex is different in stutterersand fluent speakers. Neuroreport . 175. (1998)