研究生: |
熊永政 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
不同肥胖程度國中男生PACER運動心跳變化之研究 |
指導教授: | 林曼蕙 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
體育學系 Department of Physical Education |
論文出版年: | 2005 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 55 |
中文關鍵詞: | 心跳 、肥胖程度 |
英文關鍵詞: | PACER |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:218 下載:9 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
摘要
肥胖所帶來身體方面的問題在生活優裕的台灣越來越嚴重。本研究針對國中階段身高與體重依據教育部所規定之BMI符合與超過標準之男學生,年齡足15歲者施以PACER檢測,藉以瞭解不同肥胖程度對國中男性學生心跳之變化。
本研究以台北縣樹林高中國中部全體523位國三男性學生為對象進行身高與體重之量測後,篩選出BMI符合教育部所訂定之過重標準(BMI>PR95以上),再行施以分組確定其身體質量脂數符合各組之標準,再以隨機方式抽取正常、過重與肥胖之學生各25名進行PACER檢測,檢測前先行測量休息時之心跳數值,受測者並配戴心跳監視錶(polar)紀錄測試PACER運動前、運動中、運動結束及運動後1~3分鐘之心跳數值以每5秒記錄一次。
本研究所得之PACER趟數、總作功及施測前、中、後的心跳數值藉由單因子變異數分析及二因子混合變異數分析觀察正常體位、過重體位及肥胖體位者間的差異並以p< .05為顯著差異。
研究結果發現 :正常、過重與肥胖組之國中男性學生在PACER施測過程中,正常組跑的平均趟數(41.36 ±9.28趟)明顯大於過重組(30.04 ±9.98趟)與肥胖組(25.40 ±9.02趟)p< .05;總作功方面正常組平均作功(49918.40±12579.49焦耳)與肥胖組(40420.80±13177.49焦耳)達顯著差異;施測前正常組平均心跳數(83.36±11.03)優於過重組(92.16±15.50)與肥胖組(92.92±11.64)p< .05;施測結束及結束後1至3分鐘正常、過重與肥胖組在心跳的數值與回復速率上沒有顯著差異,只有在PACER測驗開始後的第1-2分鐘的心跳變化及第1-2分鐘心跳上升速率達顯著差異。
ABSTRACT
Healthy problems caused by the obesity have become more and more serious in wealthy Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different weight on heartbeats of normal and overweighed male junior high school students, whose ages were 15 and both height and weight met or went behind the BMI standards set by the Ministry of Education, in the period of PACER exam.
Before the PACER exam, 523 male third-grade students at Shulin Junior High school in Taipei County were under the measures of height and weigh first. Male students with BMI met the standards of overweight (BMI > PR95) were selected at random and divided into normal group, overweight group, and obese group. There were 25 students in every group. These tests with Polar watch had their heartbeats measure before, during, and after the exam, and the heartbeats after the exercise 1 to 3 minutes were measured by per 5 minutes.
The recording statistics of PACER laps, total work, and heartbeats before, during, and after exam were analyzed through One way ANOVA and General Linear Model to investigate the differences among normal students, overweight students, and the obese students with p<.05 as the level of significant difference.
And results were as following. First, during the PACER test, the average laps of normal students (41.63 + 9.28 laps) was significantly more than the overweighed students’ (30.04 +9.98 laps) and the obese students’ (25.40 + 9.02 laps) ,p <.05. Second, in total work, there was an obvious difference in the average work between the normal group (49918.40 + 12579.49 joule) and the obese group (40420.80 + 13177.49 joule). Third, before the PACER exam, the average heartbeats of the normal students (83.36 + 11.03) were lower than the overweighed group (92.16 + 15.50) and obese group (92.92 + 11.64) ,p <.05. Forth, there was no significant difference in the heartbeats and recovering speed among the normal students, overweight students, and obese students after the test first to the third minutes except the significant differences in changes of heartbeats at the first to the second minute during the test and the heartbeats rising speeds at the first and the second minutes during the test.
參考文獻
一、中文部分
方進隆(1992)。運動減肥應有之認識。健康體能的理論與實際。台北:漢文書店。
方進隆(1994)。體適能與全人健康。中華體育,9(3),62-69。
王文豐(2000)。談高血壓與運動之相關問題。臺灣體育,108,48
-52。
王凱助、蘇國雄(1995)。台中市某國中生肥胖及相關體檢之流行病學調查。中山醫藥學院雜誌,6,89-103。
行政院衛生署(1998)。中華民國八十七年衛生統計。台北:衛生署。
行政院衛生署(1999)。中華民國八十八年衛生統計。台北:衛生署。
行政院衛生署(2000)。中華民國八十九年衛生統計。台北:衛生署。
行政院衛生署(2002):兒童與青少年肥胖定義。取自行政院衛生
署網站:
http//www.doh.gov.tw/newverprog/proclaim/content.asp class_no=2452 & doc_no=10790
吳仁宇(1999)。學校實施學生體重控制之意義及重要性。學生體重控制指導手冊。台北市:教育部。
宋維煌(1989)。國民中學學生體格與體能發展之比較研究。
中華民國體育學會體育學報,11,43-58。
邱怡玟、黃璉華(1995)。台北市安康社區低收入戶中老年人生活型態與罹患高血壓關係之探討。護理研究,3(4),343-350。
邱春旺(2000)。認識高血壓。高雄醫師會誌,27,21-22。
姜義村(1997)。幼兒肥胖與心肺適能之相關研究。中國文化大學運動教練研究所碩士論文。台北市。
教育部(1999)。國民教育階段九年一貫課程健康與體育領域課程綱要。
郭家驊、陳九州、陳定中(2000)。運動與肥胖專論。北體學報,7,180-192。
郭正典、陳高揚(2001)。不同臥姿對自律神經活性的影響。臨床醫學月刊,47(5),314-321。
曾春典、曾淵如、江福田、許寬立、廖朝崧、李悌愷(1995)。臺灣地區65歲以上老年人高血壓的研究。慈濟醫學,7(3),179-185。
曾明淑、游素玲(2000)。兒童之肥胖問題與對策。第一期文獻回顧研析計畫報告書。台北市:國家衛生研究院。
黃伯超、游素玲、林月美(1992)。我國成年人性別、年齡別、身高別、體重及過重與肥胖界定之探討。中華營誌,17,157-172。
黃彬彬(1989)。改善心肺適能之運動。國民體育季刊,18,6-10。
楊忠祥(1993)。二十公尺漸速來回跑預測有氧適能信度與效度之研究。體育學報,16,341-355。
葉櫻蘭(1995)。高血壓的運動療法。國民體育季刊,24(4),87-90。
鍾曉雲(2002)。新式健身操對肥胖學童身體組成、健康體適能及血脂肪之影響。國立體育學院教練研究所碩士論文。桃園縣。
謝明哲(2003)。體重控制的基本原理。載於林薇(主編),學生體重控制指導手冊,(頁29)。台北市:教育部體育司。
二、英文部分
Aristimuno, G. G., Foster, T. A., Voors, A. W., et al. (1984). Influence of persistent obesity in children in children on cardiovascular risk factors. The Bogalusa Heart Study, 69, 895-904.
Berne, R. M., & Levy, M. N. (1981). Cardiovascular physiology. (4th ed.). St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company.
Bat-Or, O., Foreyt, J., & Bouthard, C. (1998). Physical activity, Genetic, and nutritional considerations in childhood weight management. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 30, 2-10.
Becque, M. D., Katch, V. L., Rocchini, A. P., et al. (1988). Coronary risk incidence of obese adolescent: Reduction by exercise plus diet intervention. Pediatrics, 81, 605-612.
Braddon, F. E. M., Rodhers, B., Wadsworth, M. E. J., et al. (1986). Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study. Br Med J, 293, 299-303.
Bar-Or, O., Foreyt, J., Bouchard, C., et al. (1998). Physical activity, genetic, and nutritional considerations in childhood weight management. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 280, 1371-1374.
Blair, I. (1998). Obesity: How big a problem Science, 280, 1364-1372.
Barnett, A., L. Y. S. Chan, & I. C. Bruce. (1993). A preliminary study of the 20-m multistage shuttle run as a predictor of peak VO2 in Hong Kong Chinese students. Pediatric Exercise Science, 5, 42-50.
C. A. G. Boreham, V. J. Paliczka, & A. K. Nichols. (1990). A comparison of the PWC170 and 20-MST tests of aerobic fitness in adolescent schoolchildren. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 30 (1), 19-23.
Dietz, W. H., & Schoeller, D.A. (1982). Optimal dietary therapy for adolescent: Comparison of protein plus glucose and protein plus fat. J Pediatr, 100, 636-644.
Epsdtein, L. H., Wing, R. R., Penner, B. C., et al. (1985). Effect of diet and controlled exercise on weight loss in obese children. J Pediatr, 107, 358-361.
Epstein, L. H., Wing, R. R., Koeske, R., et al. (1895) A comparison of lifestyle exercise, aerobic exercise, and calisthenics on weight loss in obese children. Behav Ther, 16, 345-356.
Epstein, L. H., Smith, J. A., Vara, L. S., et al. (1991). Behavioral economic analysis of activity choice in obese children. Health Psychol, 10, 311-316.
GuidelinesSubcommittee.(1991).Worldhealth organization-international society of hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. Journal Hypertens, 17, 151-183.
Gorbett, J. J., Savino, P. J., Thompson, S., et al. (1982). Visual loss in pseudotumor cerebri. Arch Neurol, 39, 461-474.
Gutin, B., Owens, S., Slavens, G., et al. (1997). Effect of physical training on heart period variability in obese children. J Pediatr, 130, 938-943.
Himes, J. H., & Dietz, W. H. (1994). Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: Recommendations from an expert committee: The expert committee on clinical guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services. Am J Clin Nutr, 59, 307-316.
Hockey, R.V. (1996). Physical fitness: The pathway to healthful living (8th ed.). Bostone, MASS: B/McGraw-Hill.
Heyward, V.H. (1997). Advanced fitness assessment exercise prescription (3rd ed.).Champaigm, IL: Human Kinetics.
Huttunen, N. K., Knip M. & Paavilainen, T. (1986). Physical Activity and Fitness in Obese Children. International Journal of Obesity, 10, 519-525.
Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, The sixth Report of the Joint Committee on Prevention Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. (1997). Archives of Internal Medicine, 157 (24), 2413-2446.
Joint National Committee of the Sixth Report. (1997). On Prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Archive of Internal Medicine, 157 (24), 2413-2439.
Kent, M. The Oxford dictionary of sports science and medicine (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Ko, G. T., Chan, J. C., Cockram, C. S., et al. (1999). Predication of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia or albuminuria using simple anthropometric indexes in Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 23, 1136-1142.
Lauer, R.M., Clarke, W.R., & Burns, T.L. (1997). Obesity in childhood: The muscatine study. Acta Paed Sin, 3, 432-437.
Lee, I. M., Paffenbarger RS, Jr. (1992). Change in body weight and longevity. JAMA, 268, 2045-2049.
Lazarus, R., Baur, L., & Webb, K. (1996). Body mass index in screening for adiposity in children and adolescents: Systematic evaluation using receiver operating characteristic surves. Am J Clin Nutr, 63, 500.
Lambert. (1982).A maximal 20-m shuttle run test to predict vo2max. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 49,1-12
Mercier, C. Gadoury, & J. Lambert. (1988). The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. Journal of Sports Sciences, 6, 93-101.
McNaughton, Hall, & Cooley. (1998). Validation of several methods of estimating maximal oxygen uptake in young men. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87, 575-584.
MacMahon, S., Cutter, J., Brittain, E., & Higgins, M. (1987). Obesity and.hypertension: Epidemiological and clinical issues. European Heart Journal, 8, 57-70.
Mossberg H. (1989). 40-year follow-up overweight children Lancet, 2(8661 suppl), 491-493.
Ma, F. C., Chin, C. J., Hsieh, Y. W., et al. (1994). The blood pressure, body height, and body weight of elementary school children in Kaohsiung city. J Chin Nutr Soc, 19, 451-460.
National Institute of Health, National Heart Labi (1998). Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults the evidence report. Obes Res, 6, 51-209.
Nora Y.-S. Liu, Sharon, A. P., Marilyn A, & Looney. (1992).The reliability and validity of the 20-meter shuttle test in American students 12 to 15 years old. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63, 360-365.
Owens, S., Gutin, B., Allison, J., et al. (1999). Effect of physical training on total andvisceral fat in obese children. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, 143-148.
Pouliot, M. C., Despres, J. P., & Lemieux, S. (1994). Waist circumference and abdominal sagittlal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. American Journal of cardiology, 73, 460-468.
Poskitt EME: Difining childhood obesity. (1995). The relative body mass index (BMI). Acta Paediatr, 84, 961-963.
Rocchini, A.P., Katch, V., Anderson, J., et al. (1988). Blood pressure in obese adolescent: Effect of weight loss. Pediatrics, 82, 16-23.
Rolland-Cachera, M.F. (1993). Onset obesity assessed from the weight/stature2 curve in children: The need for a clear definition (letter; comment) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disorder, 17, 245.
Simpn, W. R. (1994). Non-pharmacologic therapy in the management of hypertension: An update. Canada Journal of public Health, 85, s44-47
Treuth, M.S., Figurearoa-colon, R., Hunter, G.R., et al. (1998). Energy expenditure and physical fitness in overweight vs. non-overweight prepubertal girls. Int J Obes Rel Metabc Disord, 22, 440-447.
Tell, G. S., Tuomilehto, J., Epstein, F. H., et al. (1986). Studies of atherosclerosis determiants and precursors during childhood and adolescence. Bull WHO, 64, 595-605.
Unger, R., Kreeger, L., Christoffel, K. K. (1990). Childhood obesity: Medical and familial correlates and age of onset. Clin Pediatr, 29, 368-373.
Urata, H., Tanabe, Y., Kiyonaga, A., Ikeda, M., Tanaka H., Sindo, M., & Arakawa, K. (1989). Antihypertensive and volume-depleting effects of mild exercise on essential hypertension. Hypertension, 9, 245-250
Vaccaro, P., & Mahon,A. (1989). The effect of exercise on coronary heart disease risk factors in children. Sports Medicine, 8,139-153.
Warden, S. N., Warden, C. H. (1997). Pediatric obesity: An Overview of etiology and treatment. Pediatric Endocrinology, 44, 339-361.
Williams, M. H. (1998). Body weight and composition for health and sport. In Williams, M. H. (Ed.), Nutrition for health, fitness, and sport (pp. 314-343). Boston, MASS: McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Wang, Z. M., Pierson, R.N. Jr., Heymsfield, S.B. (1992). The five-level model: A new approach to organizing body-composition research. Am J Clin Nutr, 56, 19-28.
Whelton, P. K., Appel, L. J., Espealand, M. A., Applegate, W. B., Ettinger, W. H., Kostis, J. B., et al. (1996). Efficacy of weigh losas and reduced sodium intake in the trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly. Circulation, 94, 1-178.
World Health Organization. (1998). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic: Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
W. van Mechelen, H. Hlobil, & H. C. G. Kemper. (1986). Validation of two running tests as estimates of maximal aerobic power in children. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 55, 503-506.
Zanconato, S., Baraldi, E., Santuz, P., et al. (1989). Gas exchange during exercise in obese children, 148, 614-617.