研究生: |
沈子銓 Shen, Tzyy-Chyuan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
以文化翻譯角度論《鼠族》中之混雜英文及其翻譯策略 Maus: A Translator’s Toil— A Case for Cultural Translation and Strategies for Translating Hybrid English |
指導教授: |
李根芳
Lee, Ken-Fang |
口試委員: |
胡宗文
Hu, Daniel 鄭惠雯 Cheng, Hui-Wen 李根芳 Lee, Ken-Fang |
口試日期: | 2022/12/16 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
翻譯研究所 Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 91 |
中文關鍵詞: | 《鼠族》 、亞特.史畢格曼 、混雜英文 、混雜性 、文化翻譯 |
英文關鍵詞: | Maus, Art Spiegelman, hybrid English, hybridity, cultural translation |
研究方法: | 主題分析 、 比較研究 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300039 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:116 下載:19 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
亞特.史畢格曼(Art Spiegelman)的知名圖像小說《鼠族》(Maus)於2020年終於譯入繁體中文世界。書中作者父親符拉迪克所使用的混雜/「非標準」英文為文本其中一項重要特徵,然而,在繁體中文版中,該角色對白的翻譯卻不盡人意。本論文的主要目的為(一)證明翻譯混雜語言時,應採用小眾化、異質化的策略,才能保留該種語言所傳達的文化、歷史和政治背景,以及其使用者的身份;(二)借鏡後殖民翻譯論述中的寫作、翻譯技巧,提出一套概括性的指導原則來幫助後續可能碰到同樣問題的譯者。本研究首先剖釋混雜語言的特點及其與後殖民文學的關聯性,同時闡述保留符拉迪克獨特的語言即促進文化差異,且有助於瓦解標準/「正確」英文的霸權。再者,筆者探討保羅.班迪亞(Paul Bandia, 1993)提出的翻譯技巧(直譯、語義轉換和搭配轉換),以及「翻譯腔」作為風格能夠幫助有文化意識的譯者處理混雜性,並在譯文中創造類似於原文的 「居間」(“in-between”)效果。接著,本文分析繁體中文、簡體中文和日文版《鼠族》譯者所各自採用的翻譯策略、技巧以及三本書中的譯例,以揭示亞洲譯者處理此類混雜文本的現狀。最後,筆者比較《鼠族》原文中的混雜語言以及三本譯本於接收端分別創造的效果,進而探究原作和譯文間的差異如何影響讀者對於角色和文本的詮釋以及世界觀的建構。此份研究主要以英中語言對為對象,討論混雜語言所造成的翻譯問題,為台灣以及中文學術界的先行論文之一。文中所提出的指導原則雖不盡完美,但仍期望能藉此提高混雜語言的地位,並幫助譯者面對混雜文本,克服可能的挑戰。
In 2020, Art Spiegelman’s influential graphic novel Maus has finally received a Traditional Chinese translation. Yet, in the TT, the translation of the hybrid/“broken” English spoken by the character Vladek, a key feature of the text, seems to leave plenty of room for improvement. The goal of this thesis is to justify how a minoritizing, heterogeneous approach should be adopted for translating hybrid languages as they uphold and convey cultural, historical, and political backgrounds as well as identities of its speakers; and to develop general guidelines for translators with suggested techniques borrowed from postcolonial translation discourse. This study, firstly, examines the characteristics of hybrid languages and their connection with postcolonial writings, while explaining how preserving Vladek’s unique matter of speech conserves cultural differences and could help demolish the standard/“proper” English hegemony. Then, techniques proposed by Paul Bandia (1993), namely literal translation, semantic shift, and collocational shift, along with a translationese style, are presented as tools that could help culturally-conscious translators process hybrid texts and create an “in-between” effect similar to that of the ST. Next, the translation strategies, techniques, and examples from CHT, CHS, and JP editions of Maus are inspected to uncover the status quo of how Asian translators deal with such texts. Finally, the effects the hybrid language in Maus creates for its readers and the effects the respective TTs their readers are analyzed to discuss how discrepancies between the ST and the TTs might affect readers’ mental representation of characters and texts, and, subsequently, their interpretation of the world at large. This thesis is one of the first to examine problems posed by hybrid languages in the English-Chinese language pair, and, hopefully, the proposed guidelines, although rudimentary, will be of some assistance in fostering hybridity, and encourage translators to brave the challenges presented along the way.
Abril, C. A. H. (2018). Cultural and linguistic interferences in the translation of Maus into Spanish: Proposal of homogeneous translation strategies based on transcreation. In O. I. Seel (Ed.), Redefining translation and interpretation in cultural evolution (pp. 67-82). IGI Global.
Ashcroft, B., Griffiths G., & Tiffin, H. (2002). The empire writes back: Theory and practice in post-colonial literatures. Routledge.
Baccolini, R., & Federico, Z. (2008). The language of trauma: Art Spiegelman's Maus and its translations. In F. Zanettin (Ed.), Comics in translation (pp. 99-132). Routledge.
Bandia, P. (1993). Translation as culture transfer: Evidence from African creative writing. Traduction, mixité, politique, 6(2). 55-78.
Bandia, P. (2012). Postcolonial literary heteroglossia: A challenge for homogenizing translation. Perspectives: Studies in translatology, 20(4), 419-431.
Batalova, J., Hanna, M., & Levesque, C. (2021, February 11). Frequently requested statistics on immigrants and immigration in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states-2020#:~:text=In%202019%2C%20immigrants%20comprised%2013.7,of%20less%20than%200.5%20percent
Bennett, K., & de Barros, R. Q. (Eds). (2019). Hybrid Englishes and the challenges of and for translation: Identity, mobility and language change. Routledge.
Bhabha, K. H. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.
Campbell, J. (2008). Drawing pains: A profile of Art Spiegelman. Syncopations: Beats, New Yorkers, and writers in the dark (pp. 52-61). University of California Press.
Cavanagh. C. (2004). Postcolonial Poland. Common Knowledge, 10(1). 82-92. Duke University Press.
Chang, Y. C. (張妤菁) (2007). A corpus-based study of the Chinese translations of African-American vernacular English in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple [Unpublished master’s thesis]. National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology.
Chute, H. L. (2012). Graphic narrative. In Bray, J., Gibbons, A., & McHale, B. (Eds.), The Routledge companion to experimental literature (pp. 407-419). Routledge.
European Union, European Commission. (2012). Europeans and their languages (Special Eurobarometer. 386). https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/f551bd64-8615-4781-9be1-c592217dad83
Ewing, J. (2020). Underground comix movement. In J. Ewing, Salem Press encyclopedia of literature. Salem Press.
Fathers, M. (2007). Art mimics life in the death camps. In J. Witek (Ed.), Art Spiegelman: Conversations (pp. 122-125). University Press of Mississippi.
Johnson, S. (2008a). The plan of a dictionary of the English language. In R. DeMaria Jr., S. Fix, & H. D. Weinbrot, (Eds.), Samuel Johnson: Selected works (pp. 378-396). Yale University Press. (Original work published 1747).
Johnson, S. (2008b). Preface to a dictionary of the English language. In R. DeMaria Jr., S. Fix, & H. D. Weinbrot, (Eds.), Samuel Johnson: Selected works (pp. 397-417). Yale University Press. (Original work published 1755).
Kaplan, A. (2008). The Maus that Art built. From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and comic books (pp. 171-175). Jewish Publication Society.
Katz, D. (1987). Grammar of the Yiddish language. Duckworth Publishing.
Klinger, S. (2020). Translation and linguistic hybridity: Constructing world-view. Routledge.
Lambert, J. (2017). A multitude of “lishes”: The nomenclature of hybridity. English World-Wide, 39(1). 1-33.
Lefevere, A. (1992a). Translation/History/Culture: a sourcebook. Routledge.
Lefevere, A. (1992b). Translation, rewriting and the manipulation of literary fame. Routledge.
Li, C. N., & Thompson, A. S. (1989). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. University of California Press.
McKeown, A. (2004). Global migration, 1846-1940. Journal of world history, 15(2), 155-189.
Miller, N. K. (2000). Cartoons of the self: Portrait of the artist as a young murderer—Art Spiegelman’s Maus. In M. Schor & S. Bee (Eds.), M/E/A/N/I/N/G: An anthology of artists’ writings, theory, and criticism. (pp. 388-404). Duke University Press.
Migration and migrant population statistics. (2021, March). Eurostat. Retrieved February 28, 2022, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics
Mullaney, T. S. (2021, June 10). How China went from celebrating ethnic diversity to suppressing it. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/10/china-celebrating-diversity-suppressing-xinjiang-communist-party
Munday, J. (2016). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications. Routledge.
Newmark, P. (1981). Approaches to translation. Pergamon Press.
PEOPLE. (n.d.). Government portal of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved February 28, 2022, from https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/content_2.php#:~:text=Currently%2C%20the%20number%20of%20new%20immigrants%20is%20over%20541%2C000.&text=There%20is%20growing%20appreciation%20in,2%20percent%20of%20the%20population.
Petrič, J. (2009). Comic strip as literature: Art Spiegelman's Maus in Slovenian. Acta Neophilologica, 42(1-2), 69-81.
Rao, R. (1938). Kanthapura. New Directions.
Reershemius, G. (2001). Word order in Yiddish narrative discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 33(9), 1467-1484.
Rosen, A. (1995). The language of survival: English as metaphor in Spiegelman's Maus. Prooftexts, 15(3), 249-262.
Sadowska, I. (2012). Polish: A comprehensive grammar. Routledge.
Shuttleworth, M. (1997). Translationese. In Dictionary of translation studies (pp. 187-188). Routledge.
Simon, S. (2011). Hybridity and translation. In Y. Gambier & L. van Doorslaer (Eds.) Handbook of translation studies volume 2 (pp. 49-53). John Benjamins.
Skórczewski, D. (2020). Polish literature and national identity: A postcolonial perspective (A. Polakowska, Trans.). University of Rochester Press
Song, E. (n.d.). About. Eddie Song translation. Retrieved March 3, 2022, from http://www.eddiesong.net/about-ba
Spiegelman, A. (1986). Maus I: A survivor’s tale: My father bleeds history. Pantheon Books.
Spiegelman, A. (1992). Maus II: A survivor’s tale: And here my troubles began. Pantheon Books.
Spiegelman, A. (2011). MetaMaus: A look inside a modern classic, Maus. Pantheon Books.
Spivak, G. C., (2008). Outside in the teaching machine. Routledge.
Stringer, J. (1996). Graphic novel. In Stringer, J. (Ed.), The Oxford companion to twentieth-century literature in English (pp. 261-262). Oxford University Press.
Urdiales-Shaw, M. (2012). Voicing the survivor of those unspeakable sites: Translating Vladek Spiegelman. Word and text (2), 26-42.
Urdiales-Shaw, M. (2015). Between transmission and translation: The rearticulation of Vladek Spiegelman's languages in Maus. Translation and literature, 24(1), 23-41.
Venuti, L. (1998). The scandals of translation: Towards an ethics of difference. Routledge.
Wa Thiong’O, N. (1981). Decolonising the mind: The politics of language in African literature. Heinemann.
Weine, S. J. (2006). Testimony after catastrophe: Narrating the traumas of political violence. Northwestern University Press.
Wirth-Nesher, H. (2003). Traces of the past: multilingual Jewish American writing. In H. Wirth-Nesher & M. P. Kramer (Eds.), The Cambridge companion to Jewish American literature (pp. 110-128). Cambridge University Press.
Witek, J. (Ed.). (2007) Art Spiegelman: Conversations. University Press of Mississippi.
Spiegelman, A. (2016). Maus: Wydanie zbiorcze (P. Bikont, Trans.). Prószyński i S-ka.
Lin, J. Y.(林孺妤)(2001)。馬克‧吐溫《哈克歷險記》之中譯與評析(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。
Lin, Y. C.(林侑青)(2010)。黑眼珠看藍眼睛:從文化研究視角看摩里森The Bluest Eye之中譯本(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。
Ou, K. Y.(歐冠宇)(2020)。臺灣視角的翻譯腔實證研究:從定義、名稱、分類、成因到矯正方法。編譯論叢,13(2),73-116。
Song, E.(宋瑛堂)(2022年6月15日)。【宋瑛堂翻譯專欄】讀者來踢館!一支支正中譯者眉心的暗箭(譯者一言難盡...)。博客來 OKAPI 閱讀生活誌。取自 https://okapi.books.com.tw/
Spiegelman, A.(2009a)。鼠族I:我父親的泣血史。(王之光等 譯)。陝西師範大學出版社。
Spiegelman, A.(2009b)。鼠族II:我自己的受難史。(王之光等 譯)。陝西師範大學出版社。
Spiegelman, A.(2020a)。鼠族。(宋瑛堂 譯)。臉譜出版。
Ono, K. (小野耕世) (2020, April)。 完全版 マウス 特設ページ。Pan Rolling。https://www.panrolling.com/books/ph/maus.html
Spiegelman, A.(2020b)。完全版 マウス――アウシュヴィッツを生きのびた父親の物語。(小也耕世 譯)。パンローリング株式会社。