研究生: |
盧俞瑄 Lu, Yu-Hsuan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
不同社群媒體平台中反串文章的使用行為研究 Usage Behavior of Parody Articles on Different Social Media Platforms |
指導教授: |
袁千雯
Yuan, Chien-Wen |
口試委員: |
袁千雯
Yuan, Tina Chien-Wen 畢南怡 Bi, Nan-Yi 蔡欣怡 Tsai, Sandy Hsin-Yi |
口試日期: | 2024/05/09 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
圖書資訊學研究所 Graduate Institute of Library and Information Studies |
論文出版年: | 2024 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 77 |
中文關鍵詞: | 反串文 、反串 、社群媒體 、資訊可信度 、社群行為 |
英文關鍵詞: | Trolling, troll, social media, information credibility, network behavior |
研究方法: | 半結構式訪談法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202401478 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:58 下載:3 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
「反串」是現今社群媒體中存在的一種交流方式,指的是使用者會採取虛假身份或觀點,透過同樣是虛假捏造的個人資訊或角色身份,以模仿或假扮特定社群成員或群體,在互動中表達不真實的觀點或立場。這可能破壞社群成員之間的信任,因為他們無法確定其他使用者的真實身份或觀點,導致社群內部的不信任和疏離感。反串者可能會模仿特定群體的言行舉止,製造出一種似是而非的印象,使其看起來像是該群體的成員;特別是當反串者意圖挑釁或諷刺特定群體或觀點時,這可能導致社群內部的對立和分裂,又或是嘗試讓其他使用者感到困惑或不安。反串的用意之一在於散佈虛假訊息或誇大觀點,企圖以看似幽默的方式虛構故事情節,以引起注意或獲得回應。這種行為可能帶有不同的動機,例如娛樂、測試社群反應、諷刺或挑釁等。若是反串行為涉及到虛假訊息或不當內容的散佈,可能對社群成員的安全和隱私構成風險,包括誤導性訊息、個人資訊的泄露,以及其他形式的騷擾或威脅。本研究透過訪談法,試圖了解反串者發布文章的動機,以及這些文章對社群媒體使用者的影響,例如是否會破壞信任、引起混淆或衝突等負面影響。透過深入了解反串行為的背後動機和影響,我們希望為社群媒體使用者提供更多的資訊和警示,以應對可能出現的風險和挑戰。這些觀點同時提供了社群媒體中反串行為的多樣性和複雜性,也進一步研究這些問題可以幫助社群中的使用者更好理解反串行為的影響,並發展出相應的應對策略。
Trolling is a disruptive element in social media, characterized by individuals assuming fake identities to impersonate others or mimic groups. These trolls present contrived viewpoints to provoke or prank users, undermining trust within communities. By imitating the language and actions of certain demographics, they sow discord and polarize discussions. Trolls often share distorted or entirely false information, ostensibly for humor or attention, but with varying underlying motives, including amusement, experimentation, or disruption. This activity can compromise user safety and privacy if it spreads harmful content. Our research investigates users’ motivations for making trolls and the resultant effects on social media dynamics. We aim to enhance users’ understanding of trolling, highlighting its potential to instigate confusion and conflict, thereby equipping them to better navigate and mitigate its risks.
【英文文獻】
Akdeniz, Y. (2002). Anonymity, democracy, and cyberspace. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 69(1), 223-237.
Al-Rawi, A. (2019). Gatekeeping fake news discourses on mainstream media versus social media. Social science computer review, 37(6), 687-704.
Aldwairi, M., & Alwahedi, A. (2018). Detecting fake news in social media networks. Procedia computer science, 141, 215-222.
Alhabash, S., Park, H., Kononova, A., Chiang, Y.-h., & Wise, K. (2012). Exploring the motivations of Facebook use in Taiwan. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 15(6), 304-311.
AlMansour, A. A., Brankovic, L., & Iliopoulos, C. S. (2014). A model for recalibrating credibility in different contexts and languages-a twitter case study. International Journal of Digital Information and Wireless Communications (IJDIWC), 4(1), 53-62.
Almenar, E., Aran-Ramspott, S., Suau, J., & Masip, P. (2021). Gender differences in tackling fake news: Different degrees of concern, but same problems. Media and Communication, 9(1), 229-238.
Alsulaiman, S. A., & Rentner, T. L. (2022). Information seeking behaviors and media credibility among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 30(5), 549-569.
Anderson, K. E. (2015). Ask me anything: what is Reddit? Library Hi Tech News, 32(5), 8-11.
Anderson, W. T. (1999). Communities in a world of open systems. Futures, 31(5), 457-463.
Andreoli, V., & Worchel, S. (1978). Effects of Media, Communicator, and Message Position onAttitude Change. Public opinion quarterly, 42(1), 59-70.
Appelman, A., & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Measuring message credibility: Construction and validation of an exclusive scale. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93(1), 59-79.
Augier, M. (2002). Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision‐Making Processes in Administrative Organizations. In: Oxford University Press Oxford, UK.
Bakir, V., & McStay, A. (2018). Fake news and the economy of emotions: Problems, causes, solutions. Digital journalism, 6(2), 154-175.
Barlett, C. P., DeWitt, C. C., Maronna, B., & Johnson, K. (2018). Social media use as a tool to facilitate or reduce cyberbullying perpetration: A review focusing on anonymous and nonanonymous social media platforms. Violence and gender, 5(3), 147-152.
Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2009). The dark side of information: overload, anxiety and other paradoxes and pathologies. Journal of information science, 35(2), 180-191.
Bishop, J. (2012). The psychology of trolling and lurking: The role of defriending and gamification for increasing participation in online communities using seductive narratives. In Virtual community participation and motivation: Cross-disciplinary theories (pp. 160-176). IGI Global.
Blanchard, A. L., & Markus, M. L. (2004). The experienced" sense" of a virtual community: Characteristics and processes. ACM Sigmis Database: the database for advances in information systems, 35(1), 64-79.
Bochner, S., & Insko, C. A. (1966). Communicator discrepancy, source credibility, and opinion change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(6), 614.
Bodaghi, A., & Oliveira, J. (2022). The theater of fake news spreading, who plays which role? A study on real graphs of spreading on Twitter. Expert Systems with Applications, 189, 116110.
Bos, N., Karahalios, K., Musgrove-Chávez, M., Poole, E. S., Thomas, J. C., & Yardi, S. (2009). Research ethics in the facebook era: privacy, anonymity, and oversight. In CHI'09 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 2767-2770).
Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of computer‐mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
Burkhardt, J. M. (2017). How fake news spreads. Library technology reports, 53(8), 10-13.
Campbell, K., & Wright, K. B. (2002). On‐line support groups: An investigation of relationships among source credibility, dimensions of relational communication, and perceptions of emotional support. Communication Research Reports, 19(2), 183-193.
Caplan, S. E. (2018). The changing face of problematic internet use: An interpersonal approach. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers.
Chen, Y.-C., Shang, R.-A., & Li, M.-J. (2014). The effects of perceived relevance of travel blogs’ content on the behavioral intention to visit a tourist destination. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 787-799.
Chou, M.-C., & Liu, C.-H. (2016). Mobile instant messengers and middle-aged and elderly adults in Taiwan: Uses and gratifications. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 32(11), 835-846.
Christopherson, K. M. (2007). The positive and negative implications of anonymity in Internet social interactions:“On the Internet, Nobody Knows You’re a Dog”. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), 3038-3056.
Cook, L. A., & Cook, E. F. (1950). Nature of community.
Cooley, D., & Parks-Yancy, R. (2019). The effect of social media on perceived information credibility and decision making. Journal of Internet Commerce, 18(3), 249-269.
Culnan, M. J., McHugh, P. J., & Zubillaga, J. I. (2010). How large US companies can use Twitter and other social media to gain business value. MIS Quarterly Executive, 9(4).
Davis, J. L., Love, T. P., & Killen, G. (2018). Seriously funny: The political work of humor on social media. New media & society, 20(10), 3898-3916.
Day, A. (2008). Are they for real? Activism and ironic identities. http://www. cios. org/www/ejc/EJCPUBLIC/018/2/01846. html.
De Moor, A., & Weigand, H. (2007). Formalizing the evolution of virtual communities. Information Systems, 32(2), 223-247.
Dynel, M. (2016). “Trolling is not stupid”: Internet trolling as the art of deception serving entertainment. Intercultural pragmatics, 13(3), 353-381.
Eisend, M. (2006). Source credibility dimensions in marketing communication–A generalized solution. Journal of Empirical Generalisations in Marketing Science, 10(2).
Eisend, M. (2022). The influence of humor in advertising: Explaining the effects of humor in two‐sided messsages. Psychology & Marketing, 39(5), 962-973.
Ellis, D., Oldridge, R., & Vasconcelos, A. (2004). Community and virtual community. Annual review of information science and technology, 38(1), 145-186.
Farkas, J., & Neumayer, C. (2017). ‘Stop Fake Hate Profiles on Facebook’: Challenges for crowdsourced activism in social media. First Monday, 22(9).
Figueira, Á., & Oliveira, L. (2017). The current state of fake news: challenges and opportunities. Procedia computer science, 121, 817-825.
Flanagin, A., & Metzger, M. J. (2017). Digital media and perceptions of source credibility in political communication. The Oxford handbook of political communication, 417.
Fox, J., Cruz, C., & Lee, J. Y. (2015). Perpetuating online sexism offline: Anonymity, interactivity, and the effects of sexist hashtags on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 436-442.
Franziska, Z., Katrin, S., & Mechtild, S. (2019). Fake news in social media: Bad algorithms or biased users? Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice, 7(2), 40-53.
Gal, N., Shifman, L., & Kampf, Z. (2016). “It gets better”: Internet memes and the construction of collective identity. New media & society, 18(8), 1698-1714.
Ge, J., & Gretzel, U. (2018). Impact of humour on firm-initiated social media conversations. Information Technology & Tourism, 18(1-4), 61-83.
Gotlieb, J. B., & Sarel, D. (1991). Comparative advertising effectiveness: The role of involvement and source credibility. Journal of advertising, 20(1), 38-45.
Gunther, A. C. (1992). Biased press or biased public? Attitudes toward media coverage of social groups. Public opinion quarterly, 56(2), 147-167.
Gupta, A., Kumaraguru, P., Castillo, C., & Meier, P. (2014). Tweetcred: Real-time credibility assessment of content on twitter. Social Informatics: 6th International Conference, SocInfo 2014, Barcelona, Spain, November 11-13, 2014. Proceedings 6,
Hansen, S. S., Lee, J. K., & Lee, S.-Y. (2014). Consumer-generated ads on YouTube: Impacts of source credibility and need for cognition on attitudes, interactive behaviors, and eWOM. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 15(3), 254.
Hartman, R. O., Dieckmann, N. F., Sprenger, A. M., Stastny, B. J., & DeMarree, K. G. (2017). Modeling attitudes toward science: development and validation of the credibility of science scale. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), 358-371.
Hassan, S. H., Teo, S. Z., Ramayah, T., & Al-Kumaim, N. H. (2021). The credibility of social media beauty gurus in young millennials’ cosmetic product choice. Plos one, 16(3), e0249286.
Heckendorf, H., Lehr, D., & Boß, L. (2022). Effectiveness of an internet-based self-help intervention versus public mental health advice to reduce worry during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Pragmatic, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 91(6), 398-410.
Hirsch, G., & Blum-Kulka, S. (2014). Identifying irony in news interviews. Journal of Pragmatics, 70, 31-51.
Hoang, N. P., & Pishva, D. (2014). Anonymous communication and its importance in social networking. 16th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology,
Horner, C. G., Galletta, D., Crawford, J., & Shirsat, A. (2021). Emotions: The unexplored fuel of fake news on social media. Journal of Management Information Systems, 38(4), 1039-1066.
Howard, R. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Mass: Addison Wesley, 1, 993.
Hsu, C.-W., Wang, C.-C., & Tai, Y.-T. (2011). The closer the relationship, the more the interaction on Facebook? Investigating the case of Taiwan users. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 14(7-8), 473-476.
i-Buzz. (2024). 2024年台灣數位趨勢報告——剖析各大社群平台脈動 Retrieved 2024.03.18 from
Jones, Q. (1997). Virtual-communities, virtual settlements & cyber-archaeology: A theoretical outline. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(3), JCMC331.
Kang, M. (2010). Measuring social media credibility: A study on a measure of blog credibility. Institute for Public Relations, 4(4), 59-68.
Karduni, A., Wesslen, R., Markant, D., & Dou, W. (2021). Images, emotions, and credibility: Effect of emotional facial images on perceptions of news content bias and source credibility in social media. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.13167.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations (Vol. 2). wiley New York.
Kemp, S. (2024, 2024.02.23). DIGITAL 2024: TAIWAN. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-taiwan
Kiousis, S. (2001). Public trust or mistrust? Perceptions of media credibility in the information age. Mass communication & society, 4(4), 381-403.
Koh, J., & Kim, Y. G. (2004). Knowledge sharing in virtual communities: an e-business perspective. Expert Systems with Applications, 26(2), 155-166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(03)00116-7
Kohring, M., & Matthes, J. (2007). Trust in news media: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Communication research, 34(2), 231-252.
Kung, B. (2020). Line的最大對手出現了?爆紅通訊軟體Telegram的十大好用功能公開!. https://www.gq.com.tw/gadget/article/telegram-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7
Lane, D. S., Das, V., & Hiaeshutter-Rice, D. (2019). Civic laboratories: Youth political expression in anonymous, ephemeral, geo-bounded social media. Information, Communication & Society, 22(14), 2171-2186.
Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(6), 822.
Lima, A., Rossi, L., & Musolesi, M. (2014). Coding together at scale: GitHub as a collaborative social network. Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media,
Lin, X., Lachlan, K. A., & Spence, P. R. (2022). " I thought about it and I may follow what you said": Three studies examining the effects of elaboration and source credibility on risk behavior intentions. Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research, 5(1), 9-28.
Lin, X., Spence, P. R., & Lachlan, K. A. (2016). Social media and credibility indicators: The effect of influence cues. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 264-271.
Lindsay, B. R. (2011). Social media and disasters: Current uses, future options, and policy considerations. In: Congressional Research Service Washington, DC.
Livingstone, S., & Brake, D. R. (2010). On the rapid rise of social networking sites: New findings and policy implications. Children & society, 24(1), 75-83.
Livnat, Z., & Dori-Hacohen, G. (2018). Indexing membership via responses to irony: Communication competence in Israeli radio call-in shows. Language & Communication, 58, 62-79.
Loria, E., Antelmi, A., & Pirker, J. (2021). Comparing the structures and characteristics of different game social networks-the steam case. 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG),
Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: how message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58-73.
Lu, H.-Y. (2003). Information seeking and media credibility: college students’ information seeking and perceived source credibility during the crisis of SARS in Taiwan. Media Asia, 30(4), 220-227.
Lyman, P., & Karlene, R. (1976). Communication in Organizations. In (pp. 1553-1589): Chicago: Rand McNally and Company.
Lynch, O. H. (2002). Humorous communication: Finding a place for humor in communication research. Communication theory, 12(4), 423-445.
Mahid, Z. I., Manickam, S., & Karuppayah, S. (2018). Fake news on social media: brief review on detection techniques. 2018 Fourth international conference on advances in computing, communication & automation (ICACCA),
Maio, G. R., Verplanken, B., & Haddock, G. (2018). The psychology of attitudes and attitude change. Sage.
Marchi, R. (2012). With Facebook, blogs, and fake news, teens reject journalistic “objectivity”. Journal of communication inquiry, 36(3), 246-262.
Marchiori, E., Cantoni, L., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2013). What did they say about us? Message Cues and Destination Reputation in Social Media. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013: Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, Austria, January 22-25, 2013,
McCain, T. A., Chilberg, J., & Wakshlag, J. (1977). The effect of camera angle on source credibility and attraction. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 21(1), 35-46.
McGuire, W. J. (1989). The structure of individual attitudes and attitude systems. Attitude structure and function, 37-69.
Mehrabi, D., Ali, M. S. S., & Hassan, M. A. (2013). Components of News Media Credibility Among Professional Administrative Staff in Malaysia. China Media Research, 9(1).
Mendoza, M., Poblete, B., & Castillo, C. (2010). Twitter under crisis: Can we trust what we RT? Proceedings of the first workshop on social media analytics,
Merghati Khoei, E., Mirzakhani, F., Yousefi, H., & Hoseinzadeh, M. (2021). The Relationship between Stress Coping Styles and Community Support among Iranian Members of Sexaholics Anonymous Twelve-Step Program. Sexual Health & Compulsivity, 28(3-4), 171-188.
Meta. (2021). Facebook hopes tiny labels on posts will stop users confusing satire with reality. https://twitter.com/MetaNewsroom/status/1379887135998763014?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1379887135998763014%7Ctwgr%5Ea44dfcba15005f9f260e16c2e9e89e35e7d3a780%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F4%2F8%2F22373291%2Ffacebook-label-news-feed-page-posts-fan-satire-public-official
Miller, A., & Kurpius, D. (2010). A citizen-eye view of television news source credibility. American Behavioral Scientist, 54(2), 137-156.
Muecke, D. (1982). Irony and the Ironic. London.
Myers, D. (1987). “Anonymity is part of the magic”: Individual manipulation of computer-mediated communication contexts. Qualitative Sociology, 10(3), 251-266.
Naylor, R. W., Lamberton, C. P., & West, P. M. (2012). Beyond the “like” button: The impact of mere virtual presence on brand evaluations and purchase intentions in social media settings. Journal of Marketing, 76(6), 105-120.
news, D. (2020). 了解你與年輕人的距離?!Dcard 公布 2019 年度回顧!. https://about.dcard.tw/news/4
Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of advertising, 19(3), 39-52.
Ohanian, R. (1991). The impact of celebrity spokespersons' perceived image on consumers' intention to purchase. Journal of advertising Research.
Olson, J. M., & Zanna, M. P. (1993). Attitudes and attitude change. Annual review of psychology, 44(1), 117-154.
Pääkkönen, J., Laaksonen, S.-M., & Jauho, M. (2020). Credibility by automation: Expectations of future knowledge production in social media analytics. Convergence, 26(4), 790-807.
Park, H., Xiang, Z., Josiam, B., & Kim, H. (2014). Personal profile information as cues of credibility in online travel reviews. Anatolia, 25(1), 13-23.
Park, S., Na, E.-Y., & Kim, E.-m. (2014). The relationship between online activities, netiquette and cyberbullying. Children and youth services review, 42, 74-81.
Pavleska, T., Školkay, A., Zankova, B., Ribeiro, N., & Bechmann, A. (2018). Performance analysis of fact-checking organizations and initiatives in Europe: a critical overview of online platforms fighting fake news. Social media and convergence, 29, 1-28.
Plunkett, L. (2013). Steam Is 10 Today. Remember When It Sucked? https://kotaku.com/steam-is-10-today-remember-when-it-sucked-1297594444
Poler Kovačič, M., Erjavec, K., & Štular, K. (2010). Credibility of Traditional vs. Online News Media: A Historical Change in Journalists’ Perceptions? Medijska istraživanja: znanstveno-stručni časopis za novinarstvo i medije, 16(1), 113-130.
Pornpitakpan, C. (2003). Validation of the celebrity endorsers’ credibility scale: Evidence from Asians. Journal of marketing Management, 19(1-2), 179-195.
Pornpitakpan, C. (2004). The persuasiveness of source credibility: A critical review of five decades' evidence. Journal of applied social psychology, 34(2), 243-281.
Porter, M. C., Anderson, B., & Nhotsavang, M. (2015). Anti-social media: executive Twitter “engagement” and attitudes about media credibility. Journal of Communication Management, 19(3), 270-287.
Reilly, I. (2012). Satirical fake news and/as American political discourse. The Journal of American Culture, 35(3), 258-275.
Reingold, H. (1993). The virtual community. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
Rheingold, H., & Ludow, P. (1994). A Slice of Life in My Virtual Community Global Networks: Computers and International Communication. High Noon on the Electric Frontier: Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Robards, B. (2018). Belonging and neo-tribalism on social media site Reddit. Neo-tribes: Consumption, leisure and tourism, 187-206.
Rodrigo, A., & Mendis, T. (2023). Impact of social media influencers' credibility on millennial consumers' green purchasing behavior: a concept paper on personal and social identities. Management Matters.
Rothaermel, F. T., & Sugiyama, S. (2001). Virtual internet communities and commercial success: individual and community-level theory grounded in the atypical case of TimeZone. com. Journal of management, 27(3), 297-312.
Rubin, V. L., Chen, Y., & Conroy, N. K. (2015). Deception detection for news: three types of fakes. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 52(1), 1-4.
Rubin, V. L., Conroy, N., Chen, Y., & Cornwell, S. (2016). Fake news or truth? using satirical cues to detect potentially misleading news. Proceedings of the second workshop on computational approaches to deception detection,
Rucynski, J. (2023). Exploring Humor and Cultural Differences Through Intercultural Humor Misunderstanding Case Studies. Kobe JALT Journal, 44.
Ruffo, G., Semeraro, A., Giachanou, A., & Rosso, P. (2021). Surveying the research on fake news in social media: a tale of networks and language. arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.07909.
Sanfilippo, M., Yang, S., & Fichman, P. (2017a). Managing online trolling: From deviant to social and political trolls.
Sanfilippo, M., Yang, S., & Fichman, P. (2017b). Trolling here, there, and everywhere: Perceptions of trolling behaviors in context. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(10), 2313-2327.
Saura, J. R., Palacios-Marqués, D., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2023). Exploring the boundaries of open innovation: Evidence from social media mining. Technovation, 119, 102447.
Sheng, N., Yang, C., Han, L., & Jou, M. (2023). Too much overload and concerns: Antecedents of social media fatigue and the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Computers in Human Behavior, 139, 107500.
Shu, K., Sliva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J., & Liu, H. (2017). Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter, 19(1), 22-36.
Sitaula, N., Mohan, C. K., Grygiel, J., Zhou, X., & Zafarani, R. (2020). Credibility-based fake news detection. Disinformation, misinformation, and fake news in social media: Emerging research challenges and Opportunities, 163-182.
Stohl, C., Etter, M., Banghart, S., & Woo, D. (2017). Social media policies: Implications for contemporary notions of corporate social responsibility. Journal of business ethics, 142, 413-436.
Syed-Abdul, S., Lin, C.-W., Scholl, J., Fernandez-Luque, L., Jian, W.-S., Hsu, M.-H., Liou, D.-M., & Li, Y.-C. (2011). Facebook use leads to health-care reform in Taiwan. The Lancet, 377(9783), 2083-2084.
usnavyseal. (2023). 【獨家】【假球鐵證曝光2】自稱「我是地下總經理」 吳季穎拉前T1球星「賺爽爽」. https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/basketballTW/M.1697606704.A.E9D.html
Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. science, 359(6380), 1146-1151.
Wallace, K. A. (1999). Anonymity. Ethics and Information technology, 1(1), 21-31.
Wang, C.-M. (2012). Using Facebook for cross-cultural collaboration: The experience of students from Taiwan. Educational Media International, 49(1), 63-76.
Wang, S., Pang, M.-S., & Pavlou, P. A. (2021). Cure or poison? Identity verification and the posting of fake news on social media. Journal of Management Information Systems, 38(4), 1011-1038.
Wathen, C. N., & Burkell, J. (2002). Believe it or not: Factors influencing credibility on the Web. Journal of the American society for information science and technology, 53(2), 134-144.
Westerman, D., Spence, P. R., & Van Der Heide, B. (2014). Social media as information source: Recency of updates and credibility of information. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(2), 171-183.
Williams, A. E. (2012). Trust or bust?: Questioning the relationship between media trust and news attention. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(1), 116-131.
Worchel, S., Andreoli, V., & Eason, J. (1975). Is the medium the message? A study of the effects of media, communicator, and message characteristics on attitude change 1. Journal of applied social psychology, 5(2), 157-172.
Wu, M., Huang, Y., Li, R., Bortree, D. S., Yang, F., Xiao, A., & Wang, R. (2016). A tale of two sources in native advertising: Examining the effects of source credibility and priming on content, organizations, and media evaluations. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(12), 1492-1509.
Xiao, Y., & Xia, L. (2010). Understanding opinion leaders in bulletin board systems: Structures and algorithms. IEEE Local Computer Network Conference,
Xu, N., & Gutsche Jr, R. E. (2021). Going offline”: Social media, source verification, and Chinese investigative journalism during “information overload. Journalism Practice, 15(8), 1146-1162.
Young, K. (2013). Managing online identity and diverse social networks on Facebook. Webology.
Yu, Y., Huang, L., Qing, P., & Chen, T. (2022). How Humor Reduces the Impact of Negative Feedback on Social Media. Journal of interactive marketing, 57(4), 601-613.
Zha, X., Yang, H., Yan, Y., Liu, K., & Huang, C. (2018). Exploring the effect of social media information quality, source credibility and reputation on informational fit-to-task: Moderating role of focused immersion. Computers in Human Behavior, 79, 227-237.
Zhang, K., & Kizilcec, R. (2014). Anonymity in social media: Effects of content controversiality and social endorsement on sharing behavior. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media,
Zhang, X., & Ghorbani, A. A. (2020). An overview of online fake news: Characterization, detection, and discussion. Information Processing & Management, 57(2), 102025.
Zhao, Z., Zhao, J., Sano, Y., Levy, O., Takayasu, H., Takayasu, M., Li, D., Wu, J., & Havlin, S. (2020). Fake news propagates differently from real news even at early stages of spreading. EPJ data science, 9(1), 7.
Zheng, B., Liu, H., & Davison, R. M. (2018). Exploring the relationship between corporate reputation and the public’s crisis communication on social media. Public Relations Review, 44(1), 56-64.
Zubiaga, A., & Ji, H. (2014). Tweet, but verify: epistemic study of information verification on twitter. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 4, 1-12.
【中文文獻】
劉揚銘、陳伯璿、胡舜詅、周昱璇(2016年)。 解讀Ptt:台灣最有影響力的網路社群。 https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/38609/bn-2016-01-29-161210-178
周刊王ctwant |網編組(2024年1月5日)。鄭運鵬帥兒「德德」爆紅 網翻出「范綱祥女兒照片」秒暈:第一眼桂綸鎂。 Yahoo新聞。https://reurl.cc/Ll1q8x
廖紹伶(2022年6月30日)。【Github 最完整中文介紹】人類技術進步的搖籃!揭開全世界最大開放原始碼社群的神秘面紗。科技報橘。https://reurl.cc/lyL2k6
林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005年)。質性研究方法: 訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究季刊,3(2),122-136。
謝宜婷(2021年,8月)。全台最大年輕人社群平台Dcard。台灣光華雜誌。https://reurl.cc/5dgQrV
邱芷榆(2020年)。行動廣告在不同社群媒體上的風格比較—以 Facebook, Instagram 官方廣告為例。National Taiwan Normal University 。
鄭立(2017年)。 PTT鄉民跟真實世界脫節?不,網路世界可能比你身處的現實世界更加真實。 https://buzzorange.com/citiorange/2017/05/08/ptt-internet-real-world/。
陳君毅(2019年)。產業太年輕,Garena台灣:電競需要跨領域人才、多業別合作。https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/52281/garena-and-esports-in-taiwan。
陳璽安(2023年)。【謠言風向球】當反串沒註明 在網路世界易成失去脈絡的假訊息。 https://education.tfc-taiwan.org.tw/articles/9274。
高敬原(2020年)。 LINE新星計畫5年投資破億元、接觸新創超過300家!接下來還要如何挺新創?。 https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/60511/line-protostar-five-years。
黃厚銘 (2000年)。網路人際關係的親疏遠近。國立台灣大學社會學刊,28, 119-154 。