美國進入二次工業革命之後，國內經濟蓬勃發展，為了移轉美國國內過多的資金以及產品，美國政府企圖拓展海外市場。1898年美西戰爭結束後，美國取得其在亞太地區唯一的殖民地—菲律賓。美國殖民菲律賓的出發點是獲取經濟利益，因此在制定經濟政策之際，美國希望把菲律賓變成美國的原料供應地、產品傾銷的市場以及資本投資的場所。本文旨在藉由分析美國殖民統治菲律賓四十多年間施行的經濟政策，包括土地改革、稅制改革、貨幣與金融制度的建立、貿易政策的轉變等，以了解美國殖民政府在制定殖民經濟政策時的背景、政策的內容以及對菲律賓帶來的影響。這些經濟政策確實讓菲律賓的經濟出現短暫的繁榮，但美國殖民統治菲律賓的目的與歐洲其他帝國主義國家殖民東南亞相同，即將自身的利益建立在對菲律賓的經濟控制上。

After the United States entered the second industrial revolution, the domestic economy flourished. In order to transfer the excessive financial resources and products in the United States, the US government planned to expand overseas markets. After the Spanish-American War of 1898, the United States acquired the Philippines as the only colony in the Asia-Pacific region. The motivation of the United States colonizing the Philippines is to obtain economic benefits; therefore when the US government adopted the economic policy, it wanted to turn the Philippines into a place suppling raw materials, a market for dumping US goods and a place for US capital investment. This study aims to analyze the colonial economic policies adopted by the United States colonial rule over 40 years, including land reform, internal tax system reform, the establishment of monetary and financial systems, etc... By analyzing those economic policies, we can realize their background, content and impact on the Philippines. Although the US economic policies enhanced the economic prosperity of the Philippines, the purpose of the American colonization of the Philippines is the same as that of other European imperialists in Southeast Asia that is, obtaining its own interest by taking the economic control of the Philippines.

壹、史料

Congressional Record, 59th Congress, Sess. 1, Part III.Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1906.

Philippines Bureau of customs, Annual report of the insular collector of customs, 1909-1940. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1910-1941.

Philippines. Census Office, comp., Census of the Philippine Islands taken under the direction of the Philippine Legislature in the year 1918. Manila: Bureau of printing, 1920.

Philippines. Commission of the Census, Census of the Philippines:1939. Manila: Bureau of printing, 1940-43.

Philippine Islands, Bureau of Commerce and Industry, Statistical Bulletin No.3: Philippines Islands 1920. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1921.

Philippine Islands, Bureau of the Treasury, Annual Report of the Treasurer of the Philippine Islands, 1915. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1915.

United States, Annual Report of the Bank Commissioner 1916-1925. Boston: Wright & Potter printing Co., 1917-1926.

United States Bureau of the Census, comp., Census of the Philippine islands, taken under the direction of the Philippine commission in the year 1903. Washington, D. C: United States Bureau of the Census, 1905.

United States. Philippine Commission, Report of the governor general of the Philippine Islands, 1905 (Part 4). Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1906.

United States. Philippine Commission, Report of the governor general of the Philippine Islands, 1906 (Part 3). Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1907.

United States. Philippine Commission, Report of the Philippine commission, 1910. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1911.

United States. Philippine Commission, Reports of the Philippine commission, the civil governor and the heads of the executive departments of the civil government of the Philippine Islands, 1900-1903. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1904.

United States. Treaties, etc., A Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting a Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain, Signed at the City of Paris on December 10, 1898. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1899.

United States, War Dept, Report of the Military Governor of the Philippine Islands on Civil Affairs, 1899. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1900.

United States.War Dept, Special report of Wm. H. Taft, secretary of war, to the President, on the Philippines. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1908.

貳、專書

一、中文

Gaastra, Femme S.著，倪文君譯《荷蘭東印度公司》。上海：東方出版中心，2011。

Gorman, Lyn、McLean, David著，林怡馨譯，《大眾媒介社會史》。台北：韋伯文化，2007。

Hall, D.G.H.著，中山大學東南亞歷史研究所譯，《東南亞史》(上冊)。北京：商務出版社，1982。

Reid, Anthony著，吳小安、孫來臣譯，《東南亞的貿易時代：1450-1680》(第一卷)。北京：商務印書館，2013。

尼古拉斯．塔林主編，王士錄等譯，《劍橋東南亞史》(第2卷)。昆明：雲南人民出版社，2003。

全漢昇，《明清經濟史研究》。台北：聯經出版社，1994。

吉爾斯．彌爾頓(Giles Milton)著，王國璋譯，《荳蔻的故事―香料如何改變世界歷史？》。台北：究竟出版社，2001。

余定邦、喻常森等著，《近代中國與東南亞關係史》。廣州：中山大學出版社，1999年。

金應熙，《菲律賓史》。開封：河南大學出版社，1990。

曹勝強，《世界通史教程教學參考，現代卷》。濟南：山東大學出版社，2001。

梁志明主編，《殖民主義史：東南亞卷》。北京：北京大學出版社，1999。

梁英明、梁志明等編，《近現代東南亞(1511-1992)》。北京：北京大學出版社，1994。

淺田實著，顧姍姍譯，《東印度公司：巨額商業資本之興衰》。北京：社會科學出版社，2016。

陳鴻瑜，《菲律賓史》。台北：三民書局，2011。

陳鴻瑜，《菲律賓的政治發展》。台北：台灣商務印書館，1980。

二、日文

永野善子，《フィリピン経済史研究―糖業資本と地主制》。東京：勁草書房，1986。

永野善子，《フィリピン銀行史研究―植民地体制と金融》。東京：御茶の水書房，2004。

永野善子，《植民地期フィリピン貿易構造の再検討―いわゆる「アジア間貿易」との関係を中心として》。東京：一橋大学経済研究所，1998。

三、英文

Abelarde, Pedro E. American tariff policy towards the Philippines, 1898-1946. New York: Oriole Editions, c1974.

Brands, H. W. Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Churchill, Bernardita Reyes. The Philippine Independence Missions to the United States, 1919-1934. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1983.

Constantino, Renato. A History of the Philippines: From the Spanish Colonization to the Second World War. New York: Monthly Review Press, c1975.

Constantino, Renato. The Making of a Filipino: a Story of Philippine Colonial Politics. Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Constantino, Renato. The Philippines: A Past Revisited, Vol. 1. Manila: Tala Pub. Services, c1975.

Corpuz, O. D. An Economic History of the Philippines. Quezon City: University of Philippines Press, 1997.

Gleeck, Lewis E. American institutions in the Philippines, 1898-1941. Manila: Historical Conservation Society, 1976.

Golay, Frank Hindman. Face of empire: United States-Philippine relations, 1896-1946. Wisconsin: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1998.

Hartendorp, A. V. H. History of Industry and Trade of the Philippines. Manila: American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, 1958.

Hord, John S. Internal Taxation in the Philippines. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins press, 1906.

Kemmerer, Edwin. Walter Modern Currency Reforms: A History and Discussion of Recent Currency Reforms in India, Porto Rico, Philippine Islands, Straits Settlements and Mexico. New York: MacMillan, 1916.

Larkin, John A. The Pampangans: Colonial Society in a Philippine Province. California: University of California Press, 1972.

Legarda, Benito J. After the galleons: Foreign trade, economic change & entrepreneurship in the nineteenth century Philippines. Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Southeast Asian Studies, 1999.

Mahajani, Usha. Philippine nationalism, external challenge and Filipino response, 1565-1946. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1971.

Miller, Stuart Creighton. Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.

Pluvier, Jan M. South-East Asia from colonialism to independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Salamanca, Bonifacio S. Filipino Reaction to American Rule 1901-1913. Yale University, Ph.D., 1965.

Stanley, Peter W. A Nation in the Making: The Philippines and the United States, 1899-1921. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

Tiglao, Rigoberto. The Philippine Coconut Industry: Looking Into Coconuts: Export-oriented Agricultural Growth. ARC Publication, 1981.

Worcester, Dean C. The Philippines: Past and Present. New York: Macmillan, 1930.

Zaide, Gregorio F. Philippine Political and Cultural History. Manila: Philippine Education Co., 1957.

Zaide, Gregorio F. The Philippine Revolution. Manila: Modern Book Co., 1954.

Zaide, Gregorio F. The Republic of the Philippines history, government, and civilization. Manila: Rex Book Store, 1970.

參、期刊論文

Conant, Charles A. “The Currency of the Philippine Islands,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 20 (Nov., 1902), pp.44-59.

Curry, Roy Watson, “Woodrow Wilson and Philippine Policy,” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review Vol. 41, No. 3 (Dec., 1954), pp.435-452.

Plehn, Carl C., ‘Taxation in the Philippines I’, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Dec., 1901), pp.680-711.

肆、網路資料

Philippine Organic Act,1902
(http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-philippine-organic-act-of-1902/)

Philippines National Bank Act,1916
(https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/publications/FRB/pages/1915-1919/24166_1915-1919.pdf)

Public Land Act,1903
(http://r12.denr.gov.ph/index.php/e-library/manual-of-land-disposition)

The Jones Act,1916
(http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/)