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研究生: 李金瑾
LEE, JIN-JIN
論文名稱: 黑暗觀光景點的歷史詮釋與形象塑造比較: 以達浩集中營紀念館、薩克森豪森紀念博物館與奧茲維辛─比克瑙國家博物館為例
The Comparison of Historical Interpretation and Image Shaping of Dark Tourism Sites: KZ-Gedenkstätte Dachau, Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen and Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau as study cases.
指導教授: 陳學毅
Chen, Hsueh-I
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 歐洲文化與觀光研究所
Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 132
中文關鍵詞: 達浩集中營紀念館薩克森豪森紀念博物館奧茲維辛─比克瑙國家博物館歷史詮釋納粹集中營展覽文化政治
英文關鍵詞: KZ-Gedenkstätte Dachau, Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen, Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Historical Interpretation, Nazi Concentration Camp,, Politic of Exhibition
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 隨著時代演進,許多觀光客之參訪目的地轉向兼具教育功能的景點。黑暗觀光景點於其中備受青睞,該類別中又以前納粹集中營參觀者最眾。如今多轉型成為紀念博物館的前納粹集中營遺址,於歷史傳達、國家與民族認同以及教育傳承上扮演極為重要的角色,但卻也在不同政權背景與當局政策所需之下,呈現出相異的歷史詮釋與意象。
    本文以慕尼黑達浩集中營紀念館(KZ-Gedenkstätte Dachau)、柏林薩克森豪森紀念博物館(Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen)與波蘭奧茲維辛─比克瑙國家博物館(Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau)為例,討論各個案做為傳播歷史及教育之載體,於各不同政權背景下之展覽文化政治,與做為實地(on site)遺跡如何轉變成為博物館,並詮釋、展示與塑造其歷史及遺址意象。

    Nowadays, many tourists tend to look for tourist attractions with educational functions and dark tourism destination has became one of the most attractive tourist sites. Among all the categories of dark tourism attractions, the ex-Nazi concentration camps are the most visited ones. Most of these places are transformed into Memorials and Museums, and played important roles in passing on history, constructing national identity and transmitting values. However, with different authority backgrounds and political strategies, the presented images and historical interpretations of the concentration camps are completely distinct from one to another.
    In this research, I will take KZ-Gedenkstätte Dachau, Gedenkstätte und Museum Sachsenhausen and Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau as three cases, and discuss as historical and educational disseminating carriers, how they transform from a historical ‘on site’ spot into a museum and how they construct, present and shape their history and images under different political authorities.

    目錄...i 圖目錄...iv 表目錄...v 摘要...vi Abstract...vii 第一章 緒論...1 第一節 研究動機與目的...1 一、研究動機...1 二、研究目的與問題意識...2 第二節 個案選取原因...4 第三節 文獻回顧...7 一、國內相關研究...7 二、國外相關研究...9 第四節 研究架構...12 一、研究方法...12 二、研究途徑...13 三、預期貢獻與研究限制...14 第二章 黑暗觀光與歷史詮釋...16 第一節 何謂黑暗觀光?...16 第二節 黑暗觀光的種類...19 第三節 歷史的詮釋...26 第四節 博物館的歷史詮釋...28 第五節 歷史與研究背景...32 第三章 納粹德國第一座集中營—慕尼黑達浩集中營紀念館...36 第一節 納粹德國集中營的嘗試...37 一、第一座集中營與嘗試...37 二、非「量身打造」的集中營...38 三、宣傳性的集中營...39 四、集中營管理者的培訓場所...40 五、擁有「德國」境內唯一一座毒氣室...40 第二節 多重功能的前納粹集中營...42 一、倖存者觀點的常設展...43 二、達浩審判(the Dachau Trials)下的集中營...46 三、集中營轉化為難民營...47 第三節 中心化(centralized)的集中營紀念館...50 一、西德官方第一座集中營紀念館...51 二、整建翻新與現代復古模式...56 第四章 位於首都的集中營—柏林薩克森豪森紀念博物館...62 第一節 納粹集中營的規格化...63 一、營地設計...63 二、建築型態...64 第二節 由法西斯代表至反法西斯主義象徵...67 一、轉化為NKWD特殊營...68 二、東德國家紀念館...72 第三節 去中心化(decentralized)的紀念博物館...80 一、 以集中營遺址內外區別歷史分段之主要展示空間模式...81 二、多展館之展示模式...84 三、多角度歷史詮釋之呈現方式...85 第五章 德國境外最大的集中營—波蘭奧茲維辛—比克瑙國家博物館...88 第一節 滅絕營的代表...90 一、分屬三個不同區塊的集中營營區...90 二、權力中心—塔A的集權性...93 第二節 做為「工具」的博物館...95 一、 博物館的工具化過程(instrumentalization)...96 二、 走向國際...99 第三節 德國境外的納粹歷史詮釋...105 一、導覽團的特殊性...105 二、被關壓者的視角...106 三、完整而多樣之建築與藏品...109 四、博物館之國際性...111 第六章 結論...113 研究發現...113 一、紀念博物館之政治性...113 二、個案紀念館之展出異同...114 三、個案紀念館現今之同質性...115 研究反思...116 一、「永不遺忘?」(Never Forget?)...116 二、所屬城市與紀念博物館...118 研究總結與展望...120 參考資料...122 英文資料:...122 中文資料:...129 其他:...131 附錄...132

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    施正鋒,〈原住民族的歷史重建〉,施政鋒;許世楷;布興.大立編著,《從和解到自治:原住民族歷史重建》,台北市:前衛,2002年,頁305-334。
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    其他:
    2013/08/14 薩克森豪森紀念博物館檔案館負責人Astrid Ley訪談。
    2013/08/17 奧茲維辛—比克瑙國家博物館導覽專員Anna Pcoszczyca訪談。
    2013/08/23 達浩集中營紀念館教育部門負責人 Andrea Riedle訪談。
    2013/08/23 達浩集中營紀念館下午場館內導覽。
    Memorial and Museum Sachsenhausen::http://www.stiftung-bg.de/gums/en/index.htm?sess=b2426e6704eeb4036ec6d830e38c17f9
    ORTE der ERINNERUNG : http://www.orte-der-erinnerung.de/
    International Auschwitz Committee: http://www.auschwitz.info/en/welcome.html
    KZ-Gedenkstätte Dachau:http://www.kz-gedenkstaette-dachau.de/index-e.html
    Auschwitz Birkenau Virtual Tour: http://panorama.auschwitz.org/

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