簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 莊欣耘
Chuang, Hsin-Yun
論文名稱: 正念介入對職業高爾夫選手心理需求滿足與幸福感的影響:腦造影之研究
The Effect of Mindfulness Training on Professional Golfers’ Basic Psychological Needs Fulfillment and Well-Being: A Neuroimaging Study
指導教授: 季力康
Chi, Li-Kang
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 172
中文關鍵詞: 單一受試者設計跨參與者多基準線設計神經科學影像功能性聯結
英文關鍵詞: single subject design, cross-participant multi-baseline design, neuroscience imaging, functional connectivity
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202000792
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:229下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 運動員在長期高競爭的競技壓力情境,擁有高水準的心理功能與最佳運動表現是運動心理學家所重視的。正念被認為可以增進幸福感。根據 SDT 的觀點,正念覺察被視為個體主動探索內、外在世界,以滿足基本心理需求的基本要素。不論在心理需求滿足或是幸福感相關議題上,探索大腦的相關神經表徵才在剛起步的階段,檢驗基本心理需求滿足與幸福感的大腦神經反應在神經科學仍是一個新興研究領域。在競技運動競技運動情境中,僅有相關性研究指出正念能透過滿足基本心理需求影響運動員的幸福感,還需未來研究來確立此模式的因果關係。本研究採用單一受試者設計 (single-subject design) 結合 A-B-A 與跨參與者多基準線設計,並結合神經科學影像測量方式來檢驗正念對職業高爾夫選手基本心理需求滿足與幸福感腦區的影響。針對 4 名高爾夫職業運動員為對象,經參與者同意後,參與實驗,含:基礎期、介入期、追蹤期,每週進行 2 次的資料收集,包括:正念狀態、基本心理需求滿足、心理幸福感、主觀幸福感。分別於正念介入前後進行 MRI 靜大腦息狀態掃瞄的前、後測。以視覺分析、C 統計分析、體素分析、群組分析進行資料處理。縱貫式結果顯示:正念訓練介入對基本心理需求滿足、幸福感皆有正向提升效果。介入後,右前腦島與右尾狀核、左丘腦的功能性聯結顯著減少;右腦島與左內側額上迴、右背外側額上迴、右內側扣帶迴的的功能性聯結顯著增加。根據研究結果,8 週正念訓練能夠有效提升職業高爾夫選手的基本心理需求滿足與幸福感,並發現客觀性的大腦神經證據。建議未來能推廣正念訓練相關課程,以提升運動員對的正念的相關知識,進而提升其基本心理需求滿足與幸福感。

    Athletes who have long-term high competitive competitive stress situations, have high-level psychological functions and the best sports performance are valued by sports psychologists. Mindfulness is thought to increase well-being. According to SDT, awareness in the concept of mindfulness is regarded as an essential element for individuals to actively explore the internal and external world to satisfy psychological needs. Whether the issues related to the satisfaction of psychological needs or well-being, the exploration of relevant neural representations of the brain is just in its starting, and testing the neural responses of the psychological needs fulfillment and well-being is still an emerging research field in neuroscience. In competitive sports situations, only correlation studies indicated that mindfulness could affect athletes' well-being by psychological needs fulfillment, future research is needed to establish the causality of this model. This study used a single-subject design combined with A-B-A and cross-participant multi-baseline design, adde with neuroscience image measurement methods to examine the effects of mindfulness on professional golfers’ psychological needs fulfillment and well-being brain area. The participants in this study were four professional golfers, and completed the entire protocol including: baseline, intervention, follow-up. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires twice a week which include mindfulness states, psychological needs fulfillment, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being, and attended an fMRI protocols both before the start of training and after training finished. All participants gave informed consent and were paid for participation. This study used visual analysis, C statistics, multi-voxel pattern analysis, and group analyses for the data analyses. The longitudinal results showed that the intervention of mindfulness training effectively enhanced psychological needs fulfillment and well-being. After the intervention, the functional connectivity of the right anterior insular cortex with the right caudate and the left thalamus were signicantly decreased. After the intervention, the functional connectivity of the right anterior insular cortex with the right caudate, and the left thalamus were signicantly decreased; the functional connectivity of the right insula with the left superior frontal gyrus, the right dorsolateral frontal gyrus, and the right medial cingulate gyrus were signicantly increased. Results suggest that 8 weeks of mindfulness training could effectively enhance professional golfers’ psychological needs fulfillment and well-being, and found objective neurological evidence. In the future, mindfulness training should be promoted to improve athletes’ knowledge of mindfulness, thereby enhancing their psychological needs fulfillment and well-being.

    第壹章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究缺口 8 第三節 研究目的 11 第四節 研究問題 11 第五節 研究假設 11 第六節 研究限制 12 第七節 名詞解釋 13 第貳章 文獻探討 15 第一節 正念 15 第二節 基本心理需求滿足 33 第三節 幸福感 39 第四節 正念、基本心理需求滿足與幸福感之實證研究 48 第參章 研究方法 52 第一節 研究架構 52 第二節 研究對象 53 第三節 研究工具 53 第四節 研究設計 55 第五節 研究流程 56 第六節 資料處理與分析 60 第肆章 結果 62 第一節 正念課程對正念狀態的影響 62 第二節 正念課程對基本心理需求滿足的影響 73 第三節 正念課程對幸福感的影響 87 第四節 正念日誌與社會效度分析 118 第五節 腦造影分析 122 第伍章 討論 128 第一節 正念課程對基本心理需求滿足的影響 128 第二節 正念課程對幸福感的影響 131 第三節 正念課程對基本心理需求滿足腦區功能性聯結的影響 133 第四節 正念課程對幸福感腦區功能性聯結的影響 135 第陸章 結論與建議 138 第一節 結論 138 第二節 建議 140 參考文獻 143 附錄 159

    卜丹冉 (2015)。正念-接受-覺悟-投入訓練對網球運動員心理干預效果檢驗的個案研究。 湖北體育科技,34(1),54-57。
    杜正治 (2006)。單一受試者研究法。臺北市:心理。
    李仁豪、余民寧 (2016)。心理幸福感量表簡式中文版信效度及測量不變性:以大學生為樣本並兼論測量不變性議題。中華輔導與諮商學報,46,127-154。
    姒剛彥、張鴿子、蘇寧、張春青、蔣小波、李軒宇 (2014)。運動員正念訓練手冊。北京:北京體育大學。
    胡君梅、黃小萍 (譯) (2013)。正念療癒力:八週找回平靜、自信與智慧的自己。新北市:野人。(Kabat-Zinn, J., 2013)
    高士竣 (2011)。神經回饋訓練對高爾夫推桿表現之影響 (未出版博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    陳淑滿、季力康 (1997)。心智訓練對大學棒球選手心理競技能力之影響。大專體育,33,140-146。doi: 10.6162/SRR.1997.33.28
    陳志宏、張允中、謝昭賢 (2008)。生物醫學工程導論-第十三章:核磁共振與磁振造影。台中市:滄海。
    陳龍弘、張文馨、張硯評 (2015)。正向心理學與運動心理學的相逢。體育學報,48(2),123-138。doi: 10.3966/102472972015064802001
    陳美綺 (2017)。正念為本的介入對優秀運動員低潮的影響 (未出版博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
    陳若芸、林啟賢 (2017)。逼實意象模式及意象型態應用對大專射箭國手之個案研究。體育學報,50(3),283-301。doi: 10.3966/102472972017095003004
    張仁和、林以正、黃金蘭 (2011) 。中文版「止觀覺察注意量表」之信效度分析。測驗學刊專刊,235-260。doi: 10.7108/PT.201104.0090
    張仁和、黃金蘭、林以正 (2013)。從情緒平和與止觀探討心理位移日記書寫方法的療癒機制。教育心理學報,44(3),589-607。doi: 10.6251/BEP.20120407
    莊欣耘、季力康 (2017)。正念與高爾夫推桿表現之關係。運動教練科學,45,55-66。doi: 10.6194/SCS.2017.45.06
    戚海倫 (2020)。【蘋中人】現在的我比球后的我更好曾雅妮。蘋果日報。取自:https://tw. appledaily.com/life/20200130/GIWNZZM7GU6CYJDMXVM26EINTQ/
    鈕文英、吳裕益 (2015)。單一個案研究法:研究設計與後設分析。臺北市:心理。
    劉子鍵 (2017)。正念學習領導者手冊。臺北市:教育部。
    Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motivation and Emotion, 32(3), 189-199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11031-008-9095-z
    Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2010). Achievement goals, competition appraisals, and the well-and ill-being of elite youth soccer players over two competitive seasons. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(4), 555-579. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123 /jsep.32.4.555
    Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2012). Perceived coach-autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the well-and ill-being of elite youth soccer players: A longitudinal investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(1), 51-59. doi: https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.psychsport.2011.07.008
    Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: America’s perception of life quality. New York, NY: Plenum.
    Barnette, J. J., & Wallis, A. B. (2005). The missing treatment design element: Continuity of treatment when multiple postobservations are used in time-series and repeated measures study designs. American Journal of Evaluation, 26(1), 106-123. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1098214004273253
    Barlow, D. H., Nock, M., & Hersen, M. (2008). Single case research designs: Strategies for studying behavior change (3rd ed.). New York: Allyn and Bacon.
    Baltzell, A., & Akhtar, V. L. (2014). Mindfulness meditation training for sport (MMTS) intervention: Impact of MMTS with division I female athletes. Journal of Happiness and Well-being, 2(2), 160-173. doi: www.journalofhappiness.net/article/getpdf/143
    Bærentsen, K. B., Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H., Sommerlund, B., Hartmann, T., Damsgaard-Madsen, J., Fosnæs, M., & Green, A. C. (2010). An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation. Cognitive Processing, 11(1), 57-84. doi: 10.1007/ s10339-009-0342-3
    Bernier, M., Thienot, E., Codron, R., & Fournier, J. F. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance approaches in sport performance. Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology, 4, 320-333. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.320
    Bernard, D., Martin, J. J., & Kulik, N. (2014). Self‐determination theory and well‐being in the health care profession. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 19(3), 157-170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12023
    Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete's performance in high‐intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(2), 78-87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x
    Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., & Morgan, G. (2012). Mindfulness to enhance athletic performance: Theoretical considerations and possible impact mechanisms. Mindfulness, 3(3), 235-246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0109-2
    Blanchard, C. M., Amiot, C. E., Perreault, S., Vallerand, R. J., & Provencher, P. (2009). Cohesiveness, coach's interpersonal style and psychological needs: Their effects on self-determination and athletes' subjective well-being. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(5), 545-551. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.005
    Bostock, S., Crosswell, A. D., Prather, A. A., & Steptoe, A. (2018). Mindfulness on-the-go: Effects of a mindfulness meditation app on work stress and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(1), 127-138. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000 118
    Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
    Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211-237. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298
    Carmody, J., Baer, R. A., LB Lykins, E., & Olendzki, N. (2009). An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness‐based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 613-626. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20579
    Campbell, R., Soenens, B., Weinstein, N., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2018). Impact of partial sleep deprivation on psychological functioning: Effects on mindfulness and basic psychological need satisfaction. Mindfulness, 9(4), 1123-1133. doi: https://doi.org/10. 1007/s12671-017-0848-1
    Chang, J. H., Huang, C. L., & Lin, Y. C. (2015). Mindfulness, basic psychological needs fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(5), 1149-1162. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1007/ s10902-014-9551-2.
    Chang, W. H., Chang, J. H., & Chen, L. H. (2018). Mindfulness enhances change in athletes’ well-being: the mediating role of basic psychological needs fulfillment. Mindfulness, 9(3), 815-823. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0821-z
    Chen, J. H., Tsai, P. H., Lin, Y. C., Chen, C. K., & Chen, C. Y. (2019). Mindfulness training enhances flow state and mental health among baseball players in Taiwan. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 15-21. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S188734
    Chen, H., Yang, Q., Liao, W., Gong, Q., & Shen, S. (2009). Evaluation of the effective connectivity of supplementary motor areas during motor imagery using Granger causality mapping. Neuroimage, 47(4), 1844-1853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. neuroimage.2009.06.026
    Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style, and affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(3), 303-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9119-0
    Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449-464. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003
    Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mindfulness interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 491-516. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-05113.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Coffey, K. A., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing mental health: understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness, 1(4), 235-253. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-010-0033-2
    Cordeiro, P., Paixão, P., Lens, W., Lacante, M., & Luyckx, K. (2016). The portuguese validation of the basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale: Concurrent and longitudinal relations to well-being and ill-being. Psychologica Belgica, 56 (3), 193-209. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pb.252
    Davidson, R. J. (2004). Well-being and affective style: Neural substrates and biobehavioural correlates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1395-1411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1510
    Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenu Press.
    Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. doi: https://doi. org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104 _01
    Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Schultz, P. P., & Niemiec, C. P. (2015). Being aware and functioning fully: Mindfulness and interest-taking within self-determination theory. In K. W. Brown, R. M. Ryan, & J. D. Creswell (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 112-129). New York, NY: Guilford.
    Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
    Di Domenico, S. I., Fournier, M. A., Ayaz, H., & Ruocco, A. C. (2013). In search of integrative processes: Basic psychological need satisfaction predicts medial prefrontal activation during decisional conflict. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(3), 967-978. doi: 10.1037/a0030257
    Dupont, J. P., Carlier, G., Gerard, P., & Delens, C. (2009). Teacher-student negotiations and its relation to physical education students’ motivational processes: An approach based on self-determination theory. European Physical Education Review, 15(1), 21-46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X09105210
    Gao, Q., Duan, X., & Chen, H. (2011). Evaluation of effective connectivity of motor areas during motor imagery and execution using conditional Granger causality. Neuroimage, 54(2), 1280-1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.071
    Gagné, M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behavior engagement. Motivation and Emotion, 27(3), 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1023 /A:1025007614869
    Gagné, M., Ryan, R.M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15(4), 372-390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/714044203
    Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2007). The psychology of enhancing human performance: The mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) approach. New York: Springer.
    Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172-204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482
    Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi: 10.1037/a001 8441
    Goodman, F. R., Kashdan, T. B., Mallard, T. T., & Schumann, M. (2014). A brief mindfulness and yoga intervention with an entire NCAA Division I athletic team: An initial investigation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1(4), 339-356. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cns0000022
    Gross, M., Moore, Z. E., Gardner, F. L., Wolanin, A. T., Pess, R., & Marks, D. R. (2018). An empirical examination comparing the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach and psychological skills training for the mental health and sport performance of female student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(4), 431-451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1250802
    Haase, L., May, A. C., Falahpour, M., Isakovic, S., Simmons, A. N., Hickman, S. D., ... Paulus, M. P. (2015). A pilot study investigating changes in neural processing after mindfulness training in elite athletes. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 1-12. doi: 10.3389 /fnbeh.2015.00229
    Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford Press.
    Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 639-665. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80013-3
    Hölzel, B. K., Ott, U., Hempel, H., Hackl, A., Wolf, K., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (2007). Differential engagement of anterior cingulate and adjacent medial frontal cortex in adept meditators and non-meditators. Neuroscience letters, 421(1), 16-21. doi:10.1016/j. neulet.2007.04.074
    Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S. M., Gard, T., & Lazar, S. W. (2011a). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research, 191(1), 36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006
    Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011b). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 537-559. doi: 10.1177/1745691611419671
    Hölzel, B. K., Hoge, E. A., Greve, D. N., Gard, T., Creswell, J. D., Brown, K. W., ... Lazar, S. W. (2013). Neural mechanisms of symptom improvements in generalized anxiety disorder following mindfulness training. NeuroImage: Clinical, 2, 448-458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.011
    Hodge, K., Lonsdale, C., & Jackson, S. A. (2009). Athlete engagement in elite sport: An exploratory investigation of antecedents and consequences. The Sport Psychologist, 23(2), 186-202. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.23.2.186
    Hollembeak, J., & Amorose, A. J. (2005). Perceived coaching behaviors and college athletes' intrinsic motivation: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(1), 20-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200590907540
    Howell, A. J., Digdon, N. L., Buro, K., & Sheptycki, A. R. (2008). Relations among mindfulness, well-being, and sleep. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 773-777. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.005
    Howell, A. J., Dopko, R. L., Passmore, H. A., & Buro, K. (2011). Nature connectedness: Associations with well-being and mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(2), 166-171. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.037
    Johnson, D. C., Thom, N. J., Stanley, E. A., Haase, L., Simmons, A. N., Shih, P. A. B., ... Paulus, M. P. (2014). Modifying resilience mechanisms in at-risk individuals: a controlled study of mindfulness training in Marines preparing for deployment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(8), 844-853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13040 502
    Jekauc, D., Kittler, C., & Schlagheck, M. (2017). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention for athletes. Psychology, 8(1),1-13. doi: 10.4236/psych.2017.81001
    Jha, A. P., Morrison, A. B., Dainer-Best, J., Parker, S., Rostrup, N., & Stanley, E. A. (2015). Minds “at attention”: Mindfulness training curbs attentional lapses in military cohorts. PLoS ONE, 10(2), e0116889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116889
    Karoly, P. (1993). Mechanisms of self-regulation: A systems view. Annual Review of Psychology, 44(1), 23-52. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.44.1.23
    Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140. doi: 10.2307/2787065
    Kabat-Zinn, J., Beall, B., & Rippe, J. (1985). A systematic mental training program based on mindfulness meditation to optimize performance in collegiate and Olympic rowers. In Poster presented at the World Congress in Sport Psychology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ clipsy.bpg016
    Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2009). Evaluation of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE): A new approach to promote flow in athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 334-356. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.3.4.334
    Kirk, U., Brown, K. W., & Downar, J. (2015). Adaptive neural reward processing during anticipation and receipt of monetary rewards in mindfulness meditators. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(5), 752-759. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu112
    Klingner, C. M., Langbein, K., Dietzek, M., Smesny, S., Witte, O. W., Sauer, H., & Nenadic, I. (2014). Thalamocortical connectivity during resting state in schizophrenia. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 264(2), 111-119. doi: https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00406-013-0417-0
    Kong, F., Hu, S., Xue, S., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015a). Extraversion mediates the relationship between structural variations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and social well-being. Neuroimage, 105, 269-275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.062
    Kong, F., Liu, L., Wang, X., Hu, S., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015b). Different neural pathways linking personality traits and eudaimonic well-being: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 15(2), 299-309. doi: 10.3758/s13415-014-0328-1
    Kong, F., Hu, S., Wang, X., Song, Y., & Liu, J. (2015c). Neural correlates of the happy life: The amplitude of spontaneous low frequency fluctuations predicts subjective well-being. Neuroimage, 107, 136-145. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.033
    Koestner, R., Lekes, N., Powers, T. A., & Chicoine, E. (2002). Attaining personal goals: Self-concordance plus implementation intentions equals success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 231-244. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83. 1.231
    Kozasa, E. H., Sato, J. R., Lacerda, S. S., Barreiros, M. A., Radvany, J., Russell, T. A., ... & Amaro Jr, E. (2012). Meditation training increases brain efficiency in an attention task. Neuroimage, 59(1), 745-749. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.088
    LeBel, J. L., & Dubé, L. (2001, June). The impact of sensory knowledge and attentional focus on pleasure and on behavioral responses to hedonic stimuli. Paper presented at the 13th annual American Psychological Society Convention, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    Lee, W., & Reeve, J. (2012). Self-determined, but not non-self-determined, motivation predicts activations in the anterior insular cortex: An fMRI study of personal agency. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(5), 538-545. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093 /scan/nss029
    Lee, W., Reeve, J., Xue, Y., & Xiong, J. (2012). Neural differences between intrinsic reasons for doing versus extrinsic reasons for doing: An fMRI study. Neuroscience Research, 73(1), 68-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2012.02.010
    Lewis, G. J., Kanai, R., Rees, G., & Bates, T. C. (2014). Neural correlates of the ‘good life’: Eudaimonic well-being is associated with insular cortex volume. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(5), 615-618. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst032
    Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Dunne, J. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2008). Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(4), 163-169. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005
    Lundqvist, C. (2011). Well-being in competitive sports — the feel-good factor? A review of conceptual considerations of well-being. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(2), 109-127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.584067
    Martin, J. J., Byrd, B., Wooster, S., & Kulik, N. (2017). Self‐determination theory: The role of the health care professional in promoting mindfulness and perceived competence. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 22(4), e12072 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111 /jabr.12072
    Manuello, J., Vercelli, U., Nani, A., Costa, T., & Cauda, F. (2016). Mindfulness meditation and consciousness: An integrative neuroscientific perspective. Consciousness and Cognition, 40, 67-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.12.005
    Maddux, J. E. (1997). Habit, health and happiness. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(4), 331-346. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.19.4.331
    Manna, A., Raffone, A., Perrucci, M. G., Nardo, D., Ferretti, A., Tartaro, A., ... & Romani, G. L. (2010). Neural correlates of focused attention and cognitive monitoring in meditation. Brain Research Bulletin, 82, 46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.03.001
    Mardon, N., Richards, H., & Martindale, A. (2016). The effect of mindfulness training on attention and performance in national-level swimmers: An exploratory investigation. The Sport Psychologist, 30(2), 131-140. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2012.02. 010
    Mehling, W. E., Gopisetty, V., Daubenmier, J., Price, C. J., Hecht, F. M., & Stewart, A. (2009). Body awareness: Construct and self-report measures. PLoS ONE, 4(5), e5614. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005614
    Meyers, M. C., & van Woerkom, M. (2017). Effects of a strengths intervention on general and work-related well-being: The mediating role of positive affect. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(3), 671-689. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9745-x
    Ntoumanis, N., & Standage, M. (2009). Morality in sport: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(4), 365-380. doi: https://doi.org/10. 1080/10413200903036040
    Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-249. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010
    Olafsen, A. H. (2017). The implications of need-satisfying work climates on state mindfulness in a longitudinal analysis of work outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 41(1), 22-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9592-4
    Opialla, S., Lutz, J., Scherpiet, S., Hittmeyer, A., Jäncke, L., Rufer, M., ... & Brühl, A. B. (2015). Neural circuits of emotion regulation: A comparison of mindfulness-based and cognitive reappraisal strategies. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 265(1), 45-55. doi: 10.1007/s00406-014-0510-z
    Ortner, C. N. M., Kilner, S. J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). Mindfulness meditation and reduced emotional interference on a cognitive task. Motivation and Emotion, 31(4), 271-283. doi: 10.1007/s11031-007-9076-7
    Podlog, L., & Eklund, R. C. (2009). High-level athletes' perceptions of success in returning to sport following injury. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(5), 535-544. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.003
    Podlog, L., Lochbaum, M., & Stevens, T. (2010). Need satisfaction, well-being, and perceived return-to-sport outcomes among injured athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22(2), 167-182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413201003664665
    Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.6.1069
    Rani, N. J., & Rao, P. V. K. (1996). Meditation and attention regulation. Journal of Indian Psychology, 14, 26-30.
    Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419-435. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200266002
    Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2004). The motivational climate, perceived ability, and athletes’ psychological and physical well-being. The Sport Psychologist, 18(3), 237-251. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.18.3.237
    Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(3), 269-286. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.06.002
    Reinboth, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion, 28(3), 297-313. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000040156.81924. b8
    Rigby, C. S., Schultz, P. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Mindfulness, interest-taking, and self-regulation. In A. Ie, C. T. Ngnoumen, & E. J. Langer (Eds.), The wiley blackwell handbook of mindfulness (pp. 216-235). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Roberts, G. C., & Treasure, D. (2012). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
    Rutledge, R. B., Skandali, N., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2014). A computational and neural model of momentary subjective well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(33), 12252-12257. doi: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1407535111
    Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 319-338. doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_03
    Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
    Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Living well: A self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 139-170. doi: https://doi. org/10.1007/s10902-006-9023-4
    Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
    Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Dienberg Love, G. (2004). Positive health: Connecting well-being with biology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1383-1394. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1521
    Scott‐Hamilton, J., Schutte, N. S., & Brown, R. F. (2016). Effects of a mindfulness intervention on sports‐anxiety, pessimism, and flow in competitive cyclists. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 8(1), 85-103. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12063
    Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116-1119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.037
    Schwanhausser, L. (2009). Application of the mindfulness-acceptance commitment (MAC) protocol with an adolescent springboard diver: The case of Steve. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 377-395. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.3.4.377
    Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Oberle, E., Lawlor, M. S., Abbott, D., Thomson, K., Oberlander, T. F., & Diamond, A. (2015). Enhancing cognitive and social–emotional development through a simple-to-administer mindfulness-based school program for elementary school children: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 52-66. doi: http://dx. doi.org/10.1037/a0038454
    Seligman M.E.P., Csikszentmihalyi M. (2014) Positive psychology: An introduction. In M. Csikszentmihalyi, & R. Larson (Eds.), Flow and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 279-298). Springer, Dordrecht.
    Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373-386. doi: https://doi.org/10. 1002/jclp.20237
    Sheldon, K. M., & Bettencourt, B. A. (2002). Psychological need‐satisfaction and subjective well‐being within social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41(1), 25-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466602165036
    Smith, H., & Novak, P. (2003). Buddhism: A concise introduction. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
    Smith, A. L., Ntoumanis, N., Duda, J. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2011). Goal striving, coping, and well-being: A prospective investigation of the self-concordance model in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 124-145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ jsep.33.1.124
    Solberg, P. A., & Halvari, H. (2009). Perceived autonomy support, personal goal content, and emotional well-being among elite athletes: Mediating effects of reasons for goals. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 108(3), 721-743. doi: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms. 108.3.721-743
    Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., & Hassmén, P. (2015). Changes in perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in young elite athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(1), 50-61. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spy0000027
    Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2006). Students' motivational processes and their relationship to teacher ratings in school physical education: A self-determination theory approach. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(1), 100-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.10599336
    Strauss, G. P., Sandt, A. R., Catalano, L. T., & Allen, D. N. (2012). Negative symptoms and depression predict lower psychological well-being in individuals with schizophrenia. Comprehensive psychiatry, 53(8), 1137-1144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych. 2012.05.009
    Tawney, J. W., & Gast, D. L. (1984). Single subject research in special education. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
    Tang, Y. Y., Ma, Y., Fan, Y., Feng, H., Wang, J., Feng, S., ... & Zhang, Y. (2009). Central and autonomic nervous system interaction is altered by short-term meditation. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences, 106(22), 8865-8870. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 0904031106
    Tang, Y. Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2015). The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(4), 213-225. doi: 10.1038/nrn3916
    Thompson, R. W., Kaufman, K. A., De Petrillo, L. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2011). One year follow-up of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) with archers, golfers, and runners. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 5(2), 99-116. doi: 10.1123 /jcsp.5.2.99
    Thomas, J. R., Silverman, S., & Nelson, J. (2015). Research methods in physical activity (7th ed.). Champaign IL, Human kinetics.
    Tian, L., Chen, H., & Huebner, E. S. (2014). The longitudinal relationships between basic psychological needs satisfaction at school and school-related subjective well-being in adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 119(1), 353-372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s 11205-013-0495-4
    Tomasino, B., & Fabbro, F. (2016). Increases in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreases the rostral prefrontal cortex activation after-8 weeks of focused attention based mindfulness meditation. Brain and Cognition, 102, 46-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. bandc.2015.12.004
    Urry, H. L., Nitschke, J. B., Dolski, I., Jackson, D. C., Dalton, K. M., Mueller, C. J., ... Davidson, R. J. (2004). Making a life worth living: Neural correlates of well-being. Psychological Science, 15(6), 367-372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004. 00686.x
    Wang, X., Xu, M., Song, Y., Li, X., Zhen, Z., Yang, Z., & Liu, J. (2014). The network property of the thalamus in the default mode network is correlated with trait mindfulness. Neuroscience, 278, 291-301. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.006
    Weng, H. Y., Fox, A. S., Shackman, A. J., Stodola, D. E., Caldwell, J. Z., Olson, M. C., ... & Davidson, R. J. (2013). Compassion training alters altruism and neural responses to suffering. Psychological Science, 24(7), 1171-1180. doi: 10.1177/0956797612469537
    Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 374-385. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.008
    Williams, J. M. G. (2010). Mindfulness and psychological process. Emotion, 10(1), 1-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018360
    Wolanin, A. T., & Schwanhausser, L. A. (2010). Psychological functioning as a moderator of the MAC approach to performance enhancement. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4(4), 312-322. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.4.4.312
    Worthen, D., & Luiselli, J. K. (2016). Attitudes and opinions of female high school athletes about sports-focused mindfulness training and practices. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 10(3), 177-191. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.2016-0005
    Wu, C. H., & Yao, G. (2006). Analysis of factorial invariance across gender in the Taiwan version of the satisfaction with life scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1259-1268. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.012
    Wilson, P. M., Rogers, W. T., Rodgers, W. M., & Wild, T. C. (2006). The psychological need satisfaction in exercise scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), 231-251. doi: 10.1123/jsep.28.3.231
    Young, K. S., van der Velden, A. M., Craske, M. G., Pallesen, K. J., Fjorback, L., Roepstorff, A., & Parsons, C. E. (2018). The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on brain activity: A systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 424-433. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017. 08.003

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2025/07/22
    QR CODE