約翰‧布拉姆斯(Johannes Brahms, 1833-1897)身處於浪漫樂派，不過在恩師愛德華‧馬克森(Eduard Marxsen, 1806-1887)的指導下，鑽研巴洛克與古典時期的作品，為其一生的創作奠定穩固的基礎以及嚴謹的態度，在當代形成獨樹一幟的音樂風格。布拉姆斯的鋼琴獨奏作品可分為三個階段，早期以奏鳴曲為主，中期轉而寫作變奏曲，到了晚期則是朝向鋼琴小品的創作。本論文所探討的《敘事曲》作品10(Ballades, Op.10)屬於早期的作品，脫離了奏鳴曲的創作型態，同時又帶有晚期小品的特質，顯得相當特殊。
　　《敘事曲》作品10是由四首樂曲組成，其中布拉姆斯在第一曲特別註明是以蘇格蘭敘事詩〈愛德華〉(Edward)為發想，成為第一部作曲家親自表明靈感來源的鋼琴敘事曲作品。本論文首先對於布拉姆斯的鋼琴作品與特色作全面性的概述，並簡要說明敘事曲一詞之起源與脈絡發展，之後進入布拉姆斯《敘事曲》一作之範疇，藉由該作品之創作背景來了解布拉姆斯當時寫作的心境。最後從《敘事曲》的樂曲分析中，探討布拉姆斯將四首風格迥異的樂曲合為一部作品出版之意義，同時也結合分析所得到的資訊與自身演奏的經驗，為此作品提出較完備的詮釋方式。

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) was under the influence of the Romantic School but studied meticulously works from Baroque and the Classical Antiquity under the guidance of his mentor, Eduard Marxsen (1806-1887), establishing a solid foundation and rigorous attitude for his lifetime of works, and consequently forming an exceptional music style at the time. Brahms' piano solo works could be divided into three stages. In the early stage, they were mainly sonatas. In the middle stage, he turned to compose variations. In his later years, the piano solo pieces consisted of short pieces. The paper analyzes Ballades, Op.10– a piece of early works that detached from the style of sonata but still carries the property of late short pieces, making this piece quite peculiar.
　　Ballades, Op.10 is constituted by four ballades, and in particular Brahms specifically noted in the first ballade as a piece inspired by Scottish ballade Edward, which turned into the first piano ballade the composer expressing the source of inspiration in person. The paper first provides a comprehensive overview on the piano works and characteristics by Brahms in addition to briefly describing the origin and context development of the term – ballade, followed by analyzing the scope of Brahms’ Ballades. The background of creation for the work is used to understand the mental statement of Brahms during the composition at the time. Finally the paper discusses the significance of Brahms consolidating four completely different ballades into one published piece while integrating the information from the analysis and the performance experience of the researcher to propose better interpretation for this work.

一、中文書目

施佳伶。《布拉姆斯：鋼琴作品研究》。臺北市：宇河文化出版，2003。

焦元溥。《聽見蕭邦》。臺北市：聯經出版；新北市新店區：聯合發行經銷，2010。

李近朱。《勃拉姆斯：德奧主義的晚鐘》。北京：人民音樂出版社，1998。

二、翻譯專書

Ammer, Christine. 《音樂辭典》(The Harper Collins Dictionary of Music)。貓頭鷹編譯組譯。台北：貓頭鷹出版，2004。

Matthews, Denis. 《布拉姆斯：鋼琴音樂》(Brahms Piano Music)。于少蔚　譯。台北市：世界文物，1997。

Paul, Holmes. 《偉大作曲家羣像：布拉姆斯》(Brahms)。王婉容　譯。台北市：智庫文化，1995。

音樂之友社。《布拉姆斯》(Johannes Brahms)。林勝儀　譯。臺北市：美樂發行，2000。

三、學位論文

葉佩榕。〈布拉姆斯《四首敘事曲，作品10》分析〉。國立台北教育大學碩士論文，2015。

楊詩蕙。〈布拉姆斯《敘事曲》作品十之研究〉。實踐大學碩士論文，2015。

鄭伊茹。〈布拉姆斯敘事曲作品10音樂分析與演奏詮釋之研究〉。輔仁大學碩士論文，2003。

賴品真。〈浪漫時期的四首鋼琴敘事曲：蕭邦、布拉姆斯、葛利格、佛瑞敘事曲〉。國立台北藝術大學，2000。

四、英文期刊

Hastings, Charise. “From Poem to Performance: Brahms’s “Edward” Ballade, Op.10, No.1.” College Music Symposium, Vol. 48 (2008): 83-97.

Horne, William. “Brahms’s Op.10 Ballades and His Blätter aus dem Tagebuch eines Musikers.” The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 15, No.1 (Winter, 1997): 98-115.

五、英文專書

Botstein, Leon. The compleat Brahms: a guide to the musical works of Johannes Brahms. New York: W.W. Norton, 1999.

Evans, Edwin. Handbook to the Pianoforte Works of Johannes Brahms. London: W. Reeves Press, 1936.

Geiringer, Karl. Brahms: His Life and Work. New York: Da Capo Press, 1982.

Gordon, Stewart. A history of keyboard literature: music for the piano and its forerunners. New York: Schirmer Books; London: Prentice Hall International; Belmont, CA: Schirmer, Cengage Learning, 1996.

Grout, Donald Jay, J. Peter Burkholder, and Claude V. Palisca. A history of western music. 7th ed. New York; London: W. W. Norton Press, 2005.

Mursgrave, Michael. The Cambridge companion to Brahms. Cambridge, U.K. ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Todd, R. Larry. ed., Nineteenth-century Piano Music. New York: Routledge Press, 2004.

六、網路資料

Bozarth, George, and Walter Frisch. “Brahms, Johannes. ” in Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed December 29, 2015. http://0-www.oxfordmusiconline.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/subscriber/article/grove/music/51879.

Brown, Maurice J. E. “Ballade (ii). ” in Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed December 21, 2015. http://0-www.oxfordmusiconline.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/subscriber/article/grove/music/01885.

Herder, Johann Gottfried. Stimmen der Völker in Liedern. University of Toronto Robarts Library. https://archive.org/stream/stimmendervlke00herduoft#page/n0/mode/2up

Wilkins, Nigel. “Ballade (i). ” in Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, accessed December 17, 2015. http://0-www.oxfordmusiconline.com.opac.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/subscriber/article/grove/music/01884.

國家教育研究院。《雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭典資訊網》。2012。http://terms.naer.edu.tw/

七、樂譜

Brahms, Johannes. Balladen Op.10, Germany: Bärenreiter, 2012.

_________. Balladen Op.10, Austria: Schott Music GmbH & Co., 2010.

_________. Balladen Op.10, Germany: G. Henle Verlag, 2009.

八、有聲資料

Arrau, Claudio, piano. Brahms: Piano concerto No.1．Ballades Op.10, Decca Music Group UCCP-9336 470 142-2, 2001. Compact disc.

Barenboim, Daniel, piano. Brahms Piano Sonota No.3．Four Ballades, Warner Music UK 2564 67317-6, 2011. Compact disc.

Michelangeli, Arturo Benedetti, piano. Brahms: Ballades．Schubert Sonant D.537．Beethoven: Sonata Op.7, Deutsche Grammophon GmbH 457 762-2, 1999. Compact disc.

Rubinstein, Arthur, piano. Arthur Rubinstein plays Brahms, Sony Music 88697760992, 2010. Compact disc