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研究生: 林俊仁
Lin Junren
論文名稱: 慾望的辯證:(反覆)閱讀《泰樂尼:慾望的另一面》中的(同)性/文本政治
Dialectic of Desire: Reading the (Homo)Sexual/Textual Politics in Teleny; or, The Reverse of the Medal
指導教授: 賴守正
Lai, Shou-Cheng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2002
畢業學年度: 90
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 201
中文關鍵詞: 泰樂尼十九世紀同性情色作品同性戀權力/知識反向論述身分認同政治
英文關鍵詞: Teleny, nineteenth century, homoerotica, homosexuality, power/knowledge, reverse discourse, identity politics
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 在本篇論文中,我將把《泰樂尼》放在「同性戀」這個範疇於十九世紀末的西方社會產生的背景之下來檢視,將文本視為當時論述的產物。我將對文本作「反覆」的閱讀──引用書名當中「獎牌」一體兩面的意象──也就是從小說中同性戀政治的雙重面相分別來閱讀文本。小說同性戀政治的的顛覆性和問題形成辯證的關係;在兩者的矛盾對立之中,正具體呈現了現代同性戀範疇的產生對於十九世紀末以來西方同性戀者的雙重影響。
    開頭的前言主要介紹《泰樂尼》的背景,重點特別放在《泰樂尼》和王爾德之間的關係上面:相傳王爾德為這部小說的作者,但至今依舊沒有直接證據可以證明。此外,前言也會對論文的主要論點和論證方式作更詳細的說明。
    論文的第一章試圖為西方對於同性之間的性行為的概念的轉變建立一個系譜學的架構,藉以為現代同性戀身分的產生勾勒出概略的歷史脈絡。這章要指出的是,同性性行為的概念並非是亙久不變的,而是在歷史的過程當中不斷地被建構。因此同性戀範疇的發明並非單一的現象,而是現代西方對於「性」的管制的整體運作的一部分。對於西方同性戀者而言,同性戀範疇的發明代表了新的契機與危機。
    第二章應用傅柯「反向論述」的說法來看《泰樂尼》,將《泰樂尼》視為伴隨同性戀範疇而產生的反向論述。這章試圖證明小說如何挑戰十九世紀末當時異性戀中心和恐同的主流意識形態。透過其特殊的文本策略,小說正面肯定與呈現被汙名化的、不可言說的同性戀身分與慾望;小說重新為同性戀正名,建立清楚的同性戀身分,也解放多元的同性情慾。小說本身見證了西方同性戀者主體性的產生。
    第三章從另外一個角度重讀《泰樂尼》,指出其同性戀政治潛藏的問題。由於受限於異性戀/同性戀二元對立的架構,小說的同性戀政治陷入困境。對西方同性戀者來說,同性戀身分的確立固然帶來抗爭的可能性,卻也使其重新落入異性戀/同性戀的權力階級的統治。在小說中,異性戀/同性戀的二元區分侷限了身分與慾望的流動,同時也侷限了小說原本具顛覆性的同性戀政治。因此小說終究無法徹底推翻主流體系。
    結論的部份首先將之前各章的討論作一個總結,根據《泰樂尼》裏同性戀政治的辯證指出同性戀範疇的產生對西方同性戀者的雙重影響。然後從《泰樂尼》政治上的弔詭進一步討論身分認同在二十世紀的同性戀政治裡與同志剪不斷理還亂的轇轕,並嘗試為今後同志的政治發展提出可能的方向。

    In my thesis, I will see Teleny as a discursive product out of the context of the invention of “homosexuality” in late-nineteenth-century Western societies; the production of the novel itself reflects such a historic invention. I will make a reading of the text, that is, to approach the text from the double dimension of Teleny’s homosexual politics, both of which—like the two sides of the medal—constitute a dialectical relationship. I will argue that the subversiveness and the problems of the novel’s homosexual politics, though seemingly incompatible with each other, embody the double influence of the emergence of the homosexual category on modern homosexuals.
    Introduction presents the background of Teleny, particularly focusing on the exploration of the novel’s mysterious authorship, which tends to be attributed to Oscar Wilde but is never verified. This part will also further explain the main point and arguments of the thesis.
    Chapter 1 makes a genealogical study of the conceptual transformation of same-sex behavior in the West, in order to figure the general historical context for the emergence of the modern homosexual. The notion of same-sex behavior, not a fixed, permanent idea, has always been reconstructed in historical process. The invention of the homosexual category is actually part of the whole mechanism of the regulation of “sex” in the modern West, and such an invention brings forth both new opportunities and crises for modern homosexuals.
    Chapter 2 reads Teleny in terms of Michel Foucault’s notion of “reverse discourse.” The invention of homosexuality makes homosexuals’ resistance possible. This chapter seeks to prove how the text challenges the dominant ideologies of the heterosexist and homophobic context of the late nineteenth century. Through its specific textual strategies, Teleny speaks out unspeakable homosexuality, affirms the homosexual identity and desire that have always been denied, and thus establishes the subjectivity of the homosexual.
    Chapter 3 reads Teleny anew from the other side of its homosexual politics. Entrapped within the hetero/homosexual binary that emerges along with the invention of homosexuality, Teleny confronts its political impasse. The novel founds its homosexual politics on the fixed hetero/homosexual binary, and such a binary structure delimits the flows of identities and sexualities. The novel’s originally subversive homosexual politics is thus contained, and it fails to thoroughly overthrow the dominant system.
    Conclusion first makes a summary of the previous discussion, pointing out that the dialectic of Teleny’s homosexual politics shows the double influence of the homosexual category on modern homosexual people. From the novel’s political paradox this part will further discuss the ambiguous status of identity category in twentieth-century homosexual politics, and propose a possible direction of gay people’s political endeavor in the future.

    English Abstract xiii Chinese Abstract xv Acknowledgements xix Introduction: The Portrait of Mr. R. T. 1 Chapter One Gaynesis: The Invention of the Modern Homosexual 16 1.1 To Be, or to Become, That Is a Historical Question 17 1.2 In the Beginning, There Was Sodom . . . 23 1.3 And There Was Homosexuality . . . 32 Chapter Two Homosexual Dissidence: The (Homo)Sexual/Textual Politics in Teleny 54 2.1 Lovers’ Discourse/Intercourse 58 2.2 A Defense of Desire 66 2.3 Erotics as Politics 83 Chapter Three Epistemology of the Medal: The Impasse of the Homosexual Politics in Teleny 110 3.1 Subject of/to the Binary Opposition 114 3.2 Sgayleton in the Closet 120 3.3 Bisexual Valentine 139 3.4 Is Salvation Elsewhere? 158 Conclusion: Eternal Dialectic 174 Works Cited 191

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