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研究生: 陳怡婷
Chen, I-ting
論文名稱: 優秀桌球選手最佳運動表現的心理狀態及來源
Psychological states and sources related to peak performance in elite table tennis players
指導教授: 洪聰敏
Hung, Tsung-Min
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 65
中文關鍵詞: 壓力管理顛峰表現心理技能
英文關鍵詞: stress management, peak performance, psychological skill
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:182下載:43
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  • 本研究目的主要是探討優秀桌球選手最佳運動表現時的心理狀態及來源,以半結構式深度訪談的方法對10名(男5、女5;平均年齡 = 20.9±1.85歲;球齡 = 12.4年)現役桌球國手進行資料蒐集,其中五名選手代表台灣參加2010年在莫斯科舉辦的世界桌球錦標賽,訪談時間為40-60分鐘。經過資料分析後共得310句有意義之敘述句,進一步的內容分析後共得五大心理狀態的向度,分別為「專注」、「自信心」、「正面思考導向」、「情緒管理」及「動機」。另外,根據資料整理與分析後,專注的來源為「頭腦清晰」、「只專注當下」與「尋求突破」;自信心的來源為「教練臨場指導」、「賽前技戰術與心/生理的準備」、「相信自己的技術」與「社會支持」;正面思考導向的來源為「自我挑戰」與「自我激勵」;情緒管理的來源為「心態放鬆」與「平常心應戰」;動機的來源為「不服輸」與「在意比賽結果」。基於研究結果,本研究除了提供專業人員和教練對選手執行心理訓練時參考之外,亦期盼未來研究可針對教練進行深度訪談,提升教練對選手在比賽場上時心理狀態的知覺。

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological states of peak performance and their sources in elite table tennis players. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 elite table tennis players (mean age = 20.9±1.85, mean sport years = 12.4±2.86), five of whom represented Taiwan to attend the 2010 World Team Table Tennis Championships in Moscow. The average duration of each interview lasted about 60 minutes. Content analysis was performed to analyze the qualitative data of transcribed verbatim obtained through individual face-to-face interviews. Three hundred and ten quotes were drawn from the interview transcripts and then five dimensions were emerged after the inductive analysis process. They are concentration, self-confidence, positive thinking, emotion management, and Motivation. Besides, based on the results of the study, the sources of concentration were sober-minded thinking, concentration on the present and seeking an opportunity to reverse. The sources of self-confidence comprised coaches’ instruction, mental, tactical, and physical preparation before competition, self-belief in techniques, and social support. The sources of positive thinking included self-challenging and self-encouragement. Further, mental relaxation and competing like regular practice were the sources of emotional management. A desire for winning and concern about the result were the sources of motivation. The findings provided information for sport psychologists and coaches to organize appropriate psychological skills training programs for table tennis players. Further suggestion was proposed for strengthening coaches’ awareness of athletes’ mental states.

    第壹章 緒論………………………………………………………………………1 第一節 問題背景………………………………………………………………1 第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………………5 第三節 研究問題………………………………………………………………5 第四節 研究限制………………………………………………………………6 第五節 名詞解釋…………………………………………………………… 6 第貳章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………7 第一節 影響運動表現的心理狀態之相關研究………………………………7 第二節 影響最佳運動表現的心理狀態來源之相關研究…………………14 第三節 本章總結……………………………………………………………17 第參章 研究方法與步驟………………………………………………………19 第一節 研究方法……………………………………………………………19 第二節 研究對象……………………………………………………………19 第三節 研究時間與地點……………………………………………………20 第四節 研究工具……………………………………………………………20 第五節 研究流程……………………………………………………………21 第六節 資料整理與分析……………………………………………………22 第七節 研究資料的可信度…………………………………………………23 第肆章 結果……………………………………………………………………25 第一節 優秀桌球選手最佳表現的心理狀態………………………………26 第二節 優秀桌球選手最佳表現心理狀態來源……………………………38 第三節 本章總結……………………………………………………………46 第伍章 討論與建議……………………………………………………………48 第一節  討論影響優秀桌球選手最佳表現的心理狀態……………………48 第二節 討論影響優秀桌球選手最佳表現的心理狀態之來源……………50 第三節 結論與建議…………………………………………………………51 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………53 附錄………………………………………………………………………………64 附錄一 訪談大綱………………………………………………………………64 附錄二 同意書與個人基本資料………………………………………………65 表 次 表3-1 研究對象的基本資料……………………………………………………20 圖 次 圖 4-1 資料歸類範例圖…………………………………………………………25 圖 4-2 桌球選手的專注狀態結構圖……………………………………………27 圖 4-3 桌球選手的自信心狀態結構圖…………………………………………30 圖 4-4 桌球選手的正面思考導向狀態結構圖…………………………………33 圖 4-5 桌球選手的情緒管理狀態結構圖………………………………………34 圖 4-6 桌球選手的動機狀態結構圖……………………………………………37 圖4-7 桌球選手專注狀態的來源之結構圖……………………………………39 圖4-8 桌球選手自信心狀態的來源之結構圖…………………………………42 圖4-9 桌球選手正面思考導向狀態的來源之結構圖…………………………44 圖4-10 桌球選手情緒管理狀態的來源之結構圖………………………………45 圖4-11 桌球選手動機狀態的來源之結構圖……………………………………46

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