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研究生: 洪雪娥
Hung, Hsueh-Erh
論文名稱: 線的藝術、科學與哲學
The Art, Science and Philosophy of Line
指導教授: 林達隆
Lin, Ta-Long
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 美術學系
Department of Fine Arts
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 122
中文關鍵詞: 思想形象中介生成混沌
英文關鍵詞: Line, image of thought, inbetween, becoming, chaos
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203258
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 本論文從藝術的基礎出發,研究藝術、科學與哲學領域裡的「線」。藝術、科學與哲學對於線的運用各不相同,線也在各自領域的思索下衍生各種作用,並流變為各種形象。如果原子核在其周圍電子雲之中,如同一個銅板漂浮於棒球場那麼大的設想是成立的,那麼這個世界上從來沒有真正存在過一條線。所有被看見的線,在微觀的世界下並不實際存有,物質性並不是線存在的必要條件,而思想上的「線」卻具有極大功能性與變異性。

    德勒茲與瓜達里視藝術、科學與哲學為三種思想的形象,而混沌是無限速度的生成與消逝。藝術在混沌中匯聚感覺,形成感覺聚合體;科學放棄混沌裡的無限速度,以函數參考點現實化虛擬;哲學在混沌的無限裡,揀選思想的無限運動,充滿著與思想一樣快速的概念。在這些思想形象形成的動作中,「線」總起著相當的作用。

    以這三種思想形象,藝術、科學與哲學切過混沌,而「線」在這三種思想形象裡扮演什麼角色?起著什麼作用?它本身在藝術、科學與哲學這三個思想形象裡的形象又是什麼?藝術、科學與哲學以何種姿態,在何種時空生成「線」?

    本研究局部呈現藝術、科學與哲學領域裡的「線」,指認「線」在這三個思想形象裡占有時空的各種角色,樣態與作用,圍繞著不確定性,將它們並置論述。在對這類不可捉摸、不易辨識「線」的指認過程中,本研究推進了個人對藝術、科學與哲學間創作生成浮現的認識。

    This study aims to analyze the concept of Lines in the respective fields of the arts, the sciences, and philosophy from the perspective of the arts. Each field uses Lines differently; thus during the exploration and expansion of these fields, Lines would also become different applications or morph into various images. If the nucleus in an atom is comparable to a dime in a baseball stadium, then there aren’t actually any real lines in the universe. Every visible line in the world is non-existent in the micro world. Materiality not required for a Line to exist, but the concept of Lines in thought is infinitely malleable and applicable.

    Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari consider art, science, and philosophy to be three distinct images of thought, and chaos as birth and disappearance occurring at infinite speeds. Art functions in chaos, converging sensations to form the bloc of sensations; science gives the virtual a point of reference within the infinite chaos with mathematical functions; philosophy acts as a sieve, separating infinite movement of thought from the infinite chaos, filled with consistent particles as fast as thought. In these movements of images of thought, Lines always have significant influence.

    Slicing through chaos with the three planes of thought: art, science, and philosophy create the respective Chaoids. What role do Lines play in these three images of thought? What influence do they have on thought, if any? What are the images of Lines take in each of the respective images of thought? In what forms are Lines created in art, science, and philosophy? In what variation of time space are they created?

    This study focuses on specific instances of Lines found in the fields of art, science, and philosophy. Analyzing the role, shape, and function of Lines within the time space of these three images of thought. Also noting the uncertainty that surrounds the Lines themselves. In the process of identifying these unattainable, unrecognizable Lines, this study helps us to better understand the emerging creativity between the arts, the sciences, and philosophy.

    第一章 緒論 3 一、線的特性 3 (一)線的類型學 3 (二)線與點的表現 4 (三)風格史觀裡的線 6 (四)線與點的語言特性 8 (五)線與點的思維與創造 9 (六)指認思維形態 11 二、線的閱讀與研究 12 (一)指認微度變異 12 (二)研究方法與章節要點 14 (三)誤解與遞變 15 三、主要文本 15 四、研究侷限 17 第二章 線的藝術 21 一、多重的光線與視線 21 (一)線與知感與情感 22 (二)無的其他部分 22 (三)最終的沉默 23 (四)幾何光學線性透視的繪圖裝置 24 二、單一視點與形式表現 28 (一)透視與文化選擇 28 (二)如真畫面的移情需求 30 (三)完美的科學與比例 30 三、線與製造真實 31 (一)縱深營造真實 32 (二)調和於同一的希臘之眼 34 四、視線反射與想像 35 (一)細密與不確認的眼神流轉 36 (二)中間線的微度位移 37 五、小結:宇宙視野的感覺聚合體 37 (一)望遠鏡的震盪 38 (二)完美宇宙的顛覆 38 (三)製造一個感覺聚合體 39 第三章 線的科學 一、幾何線的概念指導應用 43 (一)在線段與數字中追求秩序 43 (二)線的視覺應用 45 二、希臘人對線的想像 46 (一)如一與變異的對比 46 (二)製造的知識 47 (三)數學與美 47 (四)數學與藝術 50 三、函數與演算的線 51 四、圖像的類比和數位 54 (一)攝影和語言結構上的悖論 54 (二)線與數位的結域與解域 55 五、小結:線的運算製造宇宙 56 (一)繁多並存的軟體宇宙 56 (二)序列知感與情感的跨越 60 第四章 線的哲學 一、線的概念移轉 63 (一)線的分界功能 63 二、線的想像 68 (一)想像癱瘓與破壞圖像 68 (二)線的時間特性 69 三、觀察者創造現實 70 (一)觀察者 71 四、視點與皺折 74 (一)變異的視點 75 五、小結:變異與模糊的邊界線 77 (一)朝向混沌的勇氣 77 (二)變異與藝術時間 80 第五章 線的生成 一、內涵的詮釋空間 83 (一)移動與閃避 84 (二)表面效應 86 二、線的結構與生成 86 (一)線的重複與動態 86 (二) 理型的危機 90 三、不可知的生成 91 (一)符號的命名與指示 91 四、無限量的昏暈 94 (一)含糊其詞的指認邊際線 95 (二)生成物質性 96 五、小結:思想-戲劇 96 (一)合成與思想-戲劇 96 (二)堅不可摧的幻覺 97 (三)赫拉克利特的流 98 (四)生成的疊合與消失 99 第六章 結論:思想的線索 一、線的演化 101 (一)圖表的演化 101 二、來自外部的線 103 (一)承認平面 103 (二)誤解的正當性 103 (三)外部給予誤解權力 104 (四)遊牧指向強度 104 三、語言的純粹生成 106 (一)命名的本質之辯 106 (二)永不停歇的矛盾與翻轉 108 (三)動態的非實體 108 四、意志線與設計者戰術 109 (一)現實扭力場域 109 (二)邊緣與強力意志 110 五、創作者戰線 111 (一)去中心與界線 112 (二)哥特線條逃脫組織 113 六、小結:思想的線索 113 參考文獻 (一)外文著作 115 (二)中文著作 118 (三)外文期刊論文 120 (四)中文期刊論文 120 (五)網頁資料 121 (六)檢索網站 122

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    (二)中文著作
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    巴特里克・沃爾特(Patrick Walters)、東尼・海(Tony Hey),《愛因斯坦得鏡子》(Einsten’s Mirror),曾耀還、邱家媛譯。(臺北:世潮,2003)
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    理查.包威爾(Richard R. Powell),《無為而活 : 來自日本茶道大師及禪師的侘寂精神》,朱影譯,臺北縣新店市 : 人本自然文化出版,2007[民96]。
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    恩斯特・費雪(Ernst Peter Fischer),《從亞里斯多德以後 : 古希臘到十九世紀的科學簡史》(Aristoteles & Co.: Eine Kleine Geschichte der Wissenschaft in Portraits von der Antike bis ins 19. Jahrhundert)陳恆安譯。(臺北市: 究竟出版社, 2001[民90])
    理查.包威爾(Richard R. Powell),《無為而活 : 來自日本茶道大師及禪師的侘寂精神》,朱影譯。(臺北縣新店市 : 人本自然文化出版,2007[民96])
    康丁斯基(Wassily Kandinsky),《藝術中的精神》(Concerning the Spiritual in Art),余敏玲譯,鄧揚舟審校。(臺北:華滋出版,2013)
    賀爾・福斯特(Hal Foster)主編,《反美學:後現代論集》(The anti-aesthetic : essays on postmodern culture),呂建忠譯。(臺北:立緒,1998)
    雷諾・博格(Ronald Bogue),《德勒茲論文學》(Deleuze on Literature),李育霖譯(臺北:麥田出版,2006)
    費瑞拉(Pedro Ferreira)著,蔡承志譯,《完美的理論-一整個世紀的天才與廣義相對論》(The Perfect Theory- A Century of Geniuses and the Battle over General Relativity)。(臺北:天下文化出版,2015)
    奧修(OSHO)口述,謙達那譯,《當鞋子合腳時》(When the Shoe Fits)。(臺北:奧修出版,1992)
    賈克・馬奎(Jacques Maquet)著,武珊珊、王慧姬譯,袁汝怡校譯,卜道企劃、導讀,《美感經驗》(The Aesthetic Experience)。(臺北:雄獅圖書,2006[2003])
    赫索.契普(Herschel B. Chipp)編,《現代藝術理論I, II》,余姍姍譯。(臺北:遠流出版,2004)
    蔡天新,《難以企及的人物-數學天空的閃耀群星》。(台北:信實文化,2014)
    德勒茲與瓜達里,《何謂哲學?》,林長杰譯。(台北:臺灣商務印書館,2004)
    德勒茲與瓜達里,《資本主義與精神分裂(卷2):千高原》,姜宇辉譯。(上海:上海書店出版社,2010)
    德勒茲,《法蘭西斯.培根:感官感覺的邏輯》,陳焦譯。(臺北:桂冠出版社新,2009)
    閻亢宗,《論外來政權現象─柏拉圖與馬基維里的哲學思考》。(台北:秀威資訊,2007)
    蔡天新,《難以企及的人物-數學天空的閃耀群星》。(台北:信實文化,2014)
    (三)外文期刊論文
    Brian D. Josephson, How observers create reality, Mind–Matter Unification Project, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
    Corry Shores, Deleuze and Rhythm: Klee's Grey Point (Graupunkt), Messiaen's and Bacon's Rhythmic Figures, Maldiney, Boulez, Brakhage, and Golden Ratio, 2009.
    Samuel Y. Edgerton, Brunelleschi’s mirror, Alberti’s window, and Galileo’s ‘perspective tube’. História, Ciências, Saúde – Manguinhos, v. 13, (supplement), October 2006.
    Sybille Krämer, Epistemology of the Line-Reflections on the Diagrammatical Mind, Studies in Diagrammatology and Diagram Praxis, edited by Alexander Gerner and Olga Pombo, London: College Publications, 2010.
    John S. Marshall, Art and Aesthetic in Aristotle, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Dec., 1953), pp. 228-231.
    Kjell Espmark, Presentation Speech: Nobel Prize in Literature, 1994
    Louis Marin, Toward a Theory of Reading in Visual Arts: Poussin’s “The Arcadian Shepherds”, 1980, The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology, edited by Donald Preziose, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
    M.F. Burnyeat, DE ANIMA II 5, Phronesis, Vol. 47, No. 1 , Netherlands: Brill, 2002.
    Michel Foucault, La vie: l'expérience et la science. Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 90e année, no 1: Canguilhem, janvier-mars 1985.
    Michel Foucault, The Simulacrum and Ancient Philosophy.
    Foucault, Michel, Theatrum Philosophicum, Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology, edited by James D. Faubion. 本評論文章最先出現在Critique 282(1970)
    Russell Winslow, Aristotelian Definition: on the Discovery of Archai. The Bloomsbury Companion to Aristotle, edited by Claudia Baracchi, NY: Bloomsbury, 2014.
    Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2011.
    (四)中文期刊論文
    丁福寧,〈斯多噶學派的視為己有(Oikeiōsis)〉,《國立臺灣大學哲學論評》第46期,頁1-52。(臺北,2013. 10)
    朱立元,〈線與生成:德勒茲文學創作理論的兩個主要概念〉,《文藝研究》2012(1)
    丹尼爾森(Dennis Danielson)、葛藍尼(Christopher M. Graney)著,〈科學家也反對哥白尼?〉,甘錫安譯,《科學人雜誌》,第144期(臺北,2014. 2)
    李建漳,〈「大政治」及「未來哲學」的同一性—對尼采整體哲學的一個詮釋〉,《台大文史哲學報》第七十三期(臺北,2010. 1011)
    (五)網頁資料
    Beth Harris and Steven Zucker, "Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear-Bearer)" in Smarthistory.
    Stable URL: https://smarthistory.org/polykleitos-doryphoros-spear-bearer/
    Brian D. Josephson, How observers create reality, Mind–Matter Unification Project, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
    http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10/
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    Francis Bacon, George Dyer Riding a Bicycle, 1966. oil on canvas, © The Estate of Francis Bacon / DACS London 2016. All rights reserved.
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    Günter M Ziegler, Dürer's polyhedron: 5 theories that explain Melencolia's crazy cube. Alex Bellos's Adventures in Numberland: Mathematics. https://www.theguardian.com
    Holland Cotter, David Bourdon, 63, Art Critic With Expertise in Modern Genres. The New York Times, April 03, 1998
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    John S. Marshall, Art and Aesthetic in Aristotle. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. Vol. 12, No. 2 (Dec., 1953)
    DOI: 10.2307/426876
    M.F. Burnyeat, DE ANIMA II 5, Phronesis, Vol. 47, No. 1 (2002). Phronesis, Vol. 47, No. 1 (2002), Brill Online Books and Journals.
    Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4182688
    Nick Stockton, Time Might Only Exist in Your Head, and Everyone Else’s. WIRED magazine
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    Jackson Pollock painting Alchemy, 1947. Photo via: Inferno Magazine.
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    Stable URL: https://williams.academia.edu/SamEdgerton
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    (六)檢索網站
    Art Institute of Chicago
    http://www.artic.edu/
    DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH., Public Domain,
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=157589
    Francis Bacon
    http://francis-bacon.com/news/la-calls-on-london-to-display-bacon-freud-and-more
    National Gallery of Art, UAS
    http://www.nga.gov/
    PBS: Public Broadcasting Service
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    Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org
    Vilém Flusser
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    WIRED magazine
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