本論文旨在透過「普世特異」這個概念來評析美國文藝復興女詩人愛蜜莉迪瑾蓀的詩。其中特別以形式-生命，情度，與非人類等概念來討論。論文中所談的「普世」指的並不是普遍的，而指的是絕對而沒有緣由的。而「特異」指的則是在讀者在閱讀迪瑾蓀的詩感知或經驗中所「發生」的(像是一種「事件」)。本論文試圖說明為何人們，尤其是受過批判理論訓練過的人們，會發現迪瑾蓀的詩是如此地「不同」。死亡，這個在她詩中不斷重覆出現的主題，實際上是在我們所熟悉的一切與永生或空無間的過渡點。因此有理論家指出，迪瑾蓀的詩並不符合一般被視為標準卻無疑是有著重重限制的「偉大文學」。事實上我相信迪瑾蓀的詩與當代理論有著密切的關係。在某些方面而言，她的詩甚至預想到了許多當代文學理論的關鍵主題。的確，細讀她的詩就好像在「經歷現存模式中的缺口與未曾提及的」，更甚者，去「重新定義這些模式」。因為我要檢視的是：迪瑾蓀如何能夠在她的詩中啟動和活化其「普世特異」以對抗那一切過度抽象與同一不變的，並且在這些詩中尋找擺脫桎梏而脫身而出的文學「真理」。

This dissertation sets out to interpret some of Emily Dickinson's more "difficult" poems via the conception of universal singularity, and more specifically the theories of form-of-life, intensity, and the inhuman. The "universal" does not mean "general" in this dissertation but rather what is absolute and without cause, and singularity means that which occurs (as a sort of event) in the perception or experience of readers when they read Dickinson's poems. The dissertation attempts to show why people, especially those trained in critical theory, find Dickinson’s poetry so "different." Death, a recurrent theme in her poems, is in effect the transitional point between the familiar and either immortality or nothingness. Helen McNeil believes Dickinson’s poems suggest that the poet did not fit the received model of "literary greatness"--which was no doubt too restrictive. In fact, I believe Dickinson’s poetry bears a close relation to, and in some ways seems even to predict, some of the key themes in contemporary literary theory. Indeed, to read her poetry closely is “to experience gaps and silences in the existing models” and even "to redefine these models." Therefore, I am looking at how Dickinson mobilizes, in her poems, universal singularity against abstraction and communitarianism, and seeking to show how from these poems emerges literary "truth".

Acampora, Christa Davis. Contesting Nietzsche. Chicago: Chicago UP., 2013. Print.
Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford UP., 1998. Print.
—. Means without Ends: Notes on Politics. Trans. Vincenzo Binetti and Cesare Casarino. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP., 2000. Print.
—. Nudities. Trans. David Kishik and Stefan Pedatella. Stanford: Stanford UP., 2011. Print.
—. Potentialities. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999. Print.
－. Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. New York: Zone Books, 1999. Print.
—. State of Exception. Trans. Kevin Attell. Chicago: Chicago UP., 2005. Print.
—. The Coming Community. Trans. Michael Hardt. Minneaplis: Minnesota UP., 1993. Print.
—. The Highest Poverty: Monstic Rules and Form-of-Life. Trans. Adam Kotsko. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2013. Print.
—. The Man without Content. Trans. Georgia Albert. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1994.
—. The Open. Trans. Kevin Attell. Stanford: Stanford UP., 2004. Print.
－. The Sacrament of Language: An Archaeology of the Oath. Trans. Adam Kotsko. Stanford: Stanford UP., 2011. Print.
Armand Barton Levi ST. Emily Dickinson and Her Culture: The Soul’s Society. New York: Cambridge UP., 1984. Print.
Attridge, Derek. The Singularity of Literature. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print.
Badiou, Alain. Being and Event. Trans. Oliver Feltham. New York: Continuum, 2006.
－. Infinite Thought. New York: Continuum, 2005. Print.
－. Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism. Trans. Ray Brassier. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2003. Print.
Barker, Wendy. Lunacy of Lights: Emily Dickinson and the Experience of Metaphor. Carbondale: Soutern Illinois UP., 1987. Print.
Bataille, Georges. The Accursed Share Volume I. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Zone Book, 1998. Print.
－. Erotism: Death and Sensuality. Trans. Mary Dalwood. San Francisco: City Light Books, 1986. Print.
－. Visions of Excess. Ed. Allan Stoekl. Trans. Allan Stoekl, Carl R. Lovitt and Donald M. Leslie Jr. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP., 1985. Print.
Bell, Jeffrey A., Philosophy at the Edge of Chaos: Gilles Deleuze and the Philosophy of Difference. Toronto: Toronto UP., 2006. Print.
Benjamin, Walter. Reflections. Trans. Edmund Jephcott. New York: Schocken Books, 1978. Print.
Bennington, Geoffrey. “Introduction to Economic I: Because the World is Round.” Bataille: Writing the Sacred. Ed. Carolyn Baily Gill. New York: Routledge, 1995. 46-57. Print.
Bearn. Gordon C. F. Life Drawing: A Deleuzean Aesthetics of Existence. New York: Fordham UP, 2013. Print.
Benfey, Christopher E. G. Emily Dickinson and the Problem of Others. Amherst: Massachusetts UP, 1984. Print.
Berlant, Lauren. Desire/Love. New York: Punctumbooks, 2012, Print.
Bloom, Harold. The Western Canon: the Books and School of the Ages. New York: Riverhead Books,1994. Print.
Bosteels, Bruno, 2004. “On the Subject of the Dialectic.” Ed. Peter Hallward. Think Again: Alain Badiou and the Future of Philosophy. London: Continuum, 2004.150-64. Print.
Braidotti, Rosi. The Posthuman. Malden: Polity, 2013. Print.
Brantley, Richard E. Experience and Faith: the Late-Romantic Imagination of Emily Dickinson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Print.
Breton, Andre. Manifestoes of Surrealism. Trans. Richard Seaver and Helen R. Lane. Michigan: Michigan UP., 1969. Print.
Bryant Levi R. The Democracy of Objects. Michigan: Open Humanities P, 2011. Print.
Calcagno, Antonio. Badiou and Derrida: Politics, Events and their Time. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print.
Chang. Chi-min. “An-Other Human Prospect: The Self in Levinas’s Ethics.” NTU Studies in Language and Literature 18 (December 2007): 117-143. Print.
Chiesa, Lorenzo. “Forming-into-one, Unary Trait, S1.” Ashton, et. Al. 147-76.
Colebrook, Claire and Jason Maxwell. Agamben. Malden: Polity, 2016. Print.
Critchley, Simon. Infinitely Demanding: Ethics of Commitment, Polticis of Resistence. New York: Verso, 2007. Print.
Crockett, Clayton. Deleuze beyond Badiou: Ontology, Multiplicity, and Event. New York: Columbia UP., 2013. Print.
Crumbley, Paul. Inflection of the Pen: Dash and Voice in Emily Dickinson. Lexington: Kentucky UP, 1997. Print.
Dean. Carolyn J. The Self and Its Pleasures: Bataille, Lacan, and the History of the Decentered Subject. Ithaca: Cornell UP., 1992. Print.
DeLanda, Manuel. Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy. New York: Continuum, 2002. Print.
Deleuze, Gilles. Difference and Repetition. Trans. Paul Patten. New York: Columbia UP, 1994. Print.
－. The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. Trans. Tom Conley. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1993. Print.
－. The Logic of Sense. Trans. Mark Lester with Charles Stivale. Ed. Constantin V. Boundas. New York: Columbia UP, 1990. Print.
Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Felix. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane. New York: Penguin Books, 1977. Print.
－. What is Philosophy？ Trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Graham Burchell. New York. Columbia UP, 1994. Print.
Deppman, Jed. Trying to Think with Emily Dickinson. Amherst: Massachusetts UP, 2008. Print.
Durantaye, Lelande de, Giorgio Agamben: A Critical Introduction. Stanford: Stanford UP., 2009. Print.
Eberwein, Jane Donahue. Dickinson: Strategies of Limitation. Amherst: Massachusetts UP., 1985. Print.
Elliott, Emory. Ed. Columbia Literary History of the United States. New York: Columbia UP, 1988. Print.
Ernst, Katharina. “Death” in the Poetry of Emily Dickinson. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitatsverlag, 1992. Print.
Evans, Dylan. An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. New York: Routledge, 1996. Print.
Farr, Judith. The Passion of Emily Dickinson. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1992. Print.
Feltham, Oliver. Alain Badiou: Live Theory. New York: Continuum, 2008. Print.
Fink, Bruce. The Lacanian Subject: between Language and Jouissance. New Jersey: Princeton, 1995. Print.
Finnerty, Paraic. Emily Dickinson’s Shakespeare. Amherst: Massachusettes UP, 2006. Print.
Foster, Hal. Compulsive Beauty. Cambridge: The MIT P., 1995. Print.
Freud, Sigmund. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. Trans. Peter Gay. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1961. Print.
Gasché, Rodolphe. The Idea of Form: Rethinking Kant’s Aesthetics. Standford Standford UP, 2003. Print.
Gemerchak, Christopher M. The Sunday of the Negative: Reading Bataille Reading Hegel. Albany: State of New York UP., 2003. Print.
Gillespie, Sam. The Mathematics of Novelty: Badiou’s Minimalist Metaphysics. Melbourne: re.press, 2008. Print.
Gilpin W. Clark. Religion Around Emily Dickinson. University Park: Pennsylvania UP, 2014. Print.
Goldberg, Shari. Quiet Testimony: A Theory of Witnessing from Nineteenth- Century American Literature. New York: Fordham UP., 2013. Print.
Gordon, Lyndall. Live Like Loaded Guns: Emily Dickinson and Her Family’s Feuds. New York: Penguin Books, 2010. Print.
Grosz, Elizabeth. Chaos, Territory, Art: Deleuze and the Framing of the Earth. New York: Columbia UP, 2008. Print.
Guthrie, James. R. Emily Dickinson’s Vision: Illness and identity in Her Poetry. Gainesville: Florida UP, 1998. Print.
Habegger, Aflred. My Wars Are Laid Away in Books: The Life of Emily Dickinson. New York: The Modern Library, 2002. Print.
Hallward, Peter. Badiou: A Subject to Truth. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP., 2003. Print.
Henderson, Linda Dalrymple. Duchamp in Context: Science and Technology in the Large Glass and Related Works. Princeton: Princeton UP., 1998. Print.
Hegarty, Paul. “Supposing the Impossibility of Silence and of Sound, of Voice: Bataille, Agamben, and the Holocaust.” Ed. Andrew Norris. Politics, Metaphysics, and Death: Essays on Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer. Durham: Duke UP, 2005. 222-247. Print.
Heit, Jamey. Liturgical Liasions: The Textual Body, Irony, and Betrayal in John Donne and Emily Dickinson. Eugene: Pickwick Publication, 2013. Print.
Hewlett, Nick. Badiou, Balibar, Ranciere: Re-Thinking Emancipation. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print.
Hirshfield, Jane. Ten Windows: How Great Poems Transform the World. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2015. Print.
Holsclaw, Geoffrey. “Subjects between Death and Resurrection: Badiou, Zizek, and St. Paul.” Harink 155-78. Print.
Hughes, Joe. Deleuze’s Difference and Repetition. New York: Continuum, 2009. Print.
Johnson, Greg. Emily Dickinson: Perception and the Poet’s Quest. Alabama: Alabama UP, 1985. Print.
Keane, Patrick J. Emily Dickinson’s Approving God: Divinne Design and the Problem of Suffering. Columbia: Missouri UP, 2008. Print.
Kirkby, Joan. Emily Dickinson. London: The Macmillian P. LTD., 1991. Print.
Kishik, David. The Power of Life: Agamben and the Politics of Life. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2012. Print.
Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2004. Print.
－. The Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. Dennis Porter. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1992. Print.
Lambert, Gregg. In Search of New Image of Thought: Gilles Deleuze and Phlosophical Expressionism. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP., 2012. Print.
Leiter. Sharon. Emily Dickinson: A Literary Reference to Her Life and Work. NewYork: Facts On File, Inc., 2007. Print.
Loeffelholz, Mary. Dickinson and the Boundaries of Feminist Theory. Illinois UP, 1991. Print.
Lordon, Frédéric. Willing Slaves of Capital: Spinoza and Marx on Desire. Trans. Gabriel Ash. New York: Verso, 2014. Print.
Loving, Jerome. Emily Dickinson: The Poet on the Second Story. New York: Cambridge UP, 1986. Print.
Lundin, Roger. Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004. Print.
Lyotard, Jean-Francois. The Inhuman: Reflection on Time. Trans. Geoffrey Bennington and Rachel Bowley. Cambeidge: Polity, 1991. Print.
MacCanell, Juliet Flower. “Alain Badiou: Philosophical Outlaw.” Ed. Riera, Gabriel, ed. Alain Badiou: Philosophy and Its Conditions. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005. 137-84. Print.
Mack, Michael. How Literature Changes the Way We Think. New York: Continuum, 2012. Print.
Massumi, Brian. A User’s Guide to Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Deviation from Deleuze and Guattari. Cambridge: The MIT P, 1992. Print.
－. Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Durham: Duke UP, 2002. Print.
－. “Perception Attack: the Force to Own Time.” Theory After “Theory”. Ed. Jane Elliott and Derek Attrideg. New York: Routledge, 2011. Print. 75-89.
May, Todd. “Difference and Unity in Gilles Deleuze.” Gilles Deleuze and the Theater of Philosophy. Ed. Constantin V. Boundas and Dorothea Olkowski. New York: Routledge, 1994. Print. 33-50.
McGee, Patrick. Theory and the Common from Marx to Badiou. New York: Palgrave, 2009. Print.
McIntosh, James. Nimble Believing: Dickinson and the Unknown. Ann Arbor: Michigan UP, 2004. Print.
McNeil, Helen. Emily Dickinson. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986. Print.
Michalski, Krzysztof. The Flame of Eternity: An Interpretation of Nietzsche’s Thought. Trans. Benjamin Paloff. Princeton: Princeton UP., 2012. Print.
Miller, Christianne. Emily Dickinson: A Poet’s Grammar. Cambridge: Harvard UP., 2987. Print.
Mills, Catherine. The Philosophy of Agamben. Montreal &Kingston: McGill-Queens’ UP, 2008. Print.
Moreland, Sean. “Torture[d] into the aught of sublime,” Deciphering Poe: Subtexts, Contexts, Subversive Meanings. Ed. Alexandra Ukakova. Lanham: Lehigh UP, 2013. Print. 53-66.
Murray, Alex. Giorgio Agamben. New York: Routledge, 2010. Print.
Nancy Jean-Luc. “Philosophy without Conditions.” Ed. Peter Hallward. Think Again: Alain Badiou and the Future of Philosophy. London: Continuum, 2004. Print. 39-49.
Negir, Antonio. Insurgencies: Constituent Power and the Modern State. Trans. Maurizia Boscagli. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1999, Print.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Will to Power. Trans. Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. Ed. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage Books, 1968. Print.
Norris, Andrew. “Giorgio Agamben and the Politics of the Living Dead.” Ed. Andrew Norris. Politics, Metaphysics, and Death: Essays on Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer. Durham: Duke UP, 2005. Print. 1-30.
Norris, Christopher. Badiou’s Being and Event: A Reader’s Guide. New York: Continuum, 2009. Print.
Oliver, Kelly. Witnessing: Beyond Recognition. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP., 2001. Print.
Parvulescu, Anca. Laughter: Notes on a Passion. Trans. Cambridge: The MIT P, 2010. Print.
Patterson, Rebecca. Emily Dickinson’s Imagery. Ed. Margaret H. Freeman. Amherst: Massachusetts UP, 1979. Print.
Pfaller, Robert. On the Pleasure Principle in Culture: Illusion without Owners. Trans. Lisa Rosenblatt, Charlotte Eckler, and Camilla Nielsen. New York: Verso, 2014. Print.
Pluth, Ed. Badiou: A Philosophy of the New. Malden: Polity, 2010. Print.
Prozorov, Sergei. Agamben and Politics: A Critical Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2014. Print.
Riera, Gabriel. Alain Badiou: Philosophy and Its Content. Albany: State U. of New York P., 2005. Print.
Ruti, Mari. Reinventing the Soul: Posthumanist Theory and Psychic Life. New York: Other Press, 2006. Print.
—. The Case of Falling in Love. Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2011. Print.
—. The Singularity of Being: Lacan and the Immortal Within. New York: Fordham UP., 2012. Print.
—. The Summons of Love. New York: Columbia UP, 2011. Print.
Scarry, Elaine. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. New York: Oxford UP., 1985. Print.
Sewall, Richard B. The Life of Emily Dickinson. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1974. Print.
Shaviro, Steven. Passion and Excess: Blanchot, Bataille, and Literature Theory. Florida: Florida UP., 1990. Print.
—. “Beauty Lies in the Eye.” A Shock to Thought: Expression after Deleuze and Guattari. Ed. Brian Massumi. New York: Routledge, 2002. Print. 9-19.
—. Without Criteria: Kant, Whitehead, Deleuze, and Aesthetics. Cambridge: The MIT P, 2009. Print.
Smith, Daniel W. 2004. “Badiou and Deleuze on the Ontology of Mathematics.” Hallward 67-76. Print.
—. “Mathematics and the Theory of Multiplicities: Badiou and Deleuze Revisited.” Southern Journal of Philosophy. 41.3 (Fall 2003): 411-49. Print.
Smith, Robert McClure. The Seductions of Emily Dickinson. Tuscaloosa: The Alabama UP, 1996. Print.
Staten, Henry. Nietzsche’s Voice. Ithaca: Cornell UP., 1990. Print.
Stiegler, Bernard. The Lost Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. Daniel Rose. Malden: Polity, 2014. Print.
—. What Makes Life Worth Living: on Pharmacology. Trans. Daniel Ross. Malden: Polity, 2013. Print.
Stocks, Kenneth. Emily Dickinson and Modern Consciousness: A Poet of Our Time. Hampshire: The Maccmillan P, 1988. Print.
Stonum, Gary Lee. The Dickinson Sublime. Madison: Wisconsin UP., 1990. Print.
Thacker, Eugene. After Life. Chicago: Chicago UP., 2010. Print.
Tursi, Renne. “Emily Dickinson, Pragmatism and the Conquests of Mind.” Emily Dickinson and Philosophy. Ed. Jed Deppman, Marianne Noble, and Gary Lee Stonum. New York: Cambridge UP, 2013. 151-74. Print.
Virno Paolo. When the Word Becomes Flesh: Language and Human Nature. Trans. Giuseppina Mecchia. South Pasadena: Semiotext(e), 2015. Print.
Wall, Thomas. Radical Passivity: Levinas, Blanchot, and Agemben. New York: State of New York up, 1999. Print.
Watkin, William. Agamben and Indifference: A Critical Overview. New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, Ltd., 2014. Print.
White. Fred D. Approaching Emily Dickinson. New York: Camden House, 2008. Print.
Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. Emily Dickinson. Cambridge: Perseus Publishing, 1986. Print.
Wolosky, Shria. Emily Dickinson: A Voice of War. New Haven: Yale UP, 1984. Print.
Žižek, Slavoj. Event: Philosophy in Transit. New York: Penguin Books, 2014. Print.
－. “Hegel with Lacan, or the Subject and Its Cause.” Reading Seminars I and II: Lacan’s Return to Freud. Ed. Richard, Feldstein, Bruce Fink, Marie Jaanus. Albany: State University of New York P.,1996. Print. 397-413.
－. In Defense of Lost Causes. New York: Verso, 2009. Print.
－. The Most Sublime Hysteric: Hegel with Lacan. Trans. Thomas Scott-Railton. Malden: Polity Press, 2014. Print.
－. The Parallex View. Cambridge: The MIT P, 2006. Print.
－. The Sublime Object of Ideology. New York: Verso1989. Print.
—. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. New York: Verso, 2000. Print.
Žižek, Slavoj. Eric L. Santner, Kenneth Reinhard. The Neighbor: Three Inquiries in Political Theology. Chicago: Chicago UP, 2005. Print.