參賽者的參與動機是促成運動賽會的一個重要因素，參賽者基於不同的動機需求與對賽會的涉入程度，便會驅動其持續參與該項賽會。另外，過去研究也顯示運動賽會的參賽者動機與涉入會影響其對賽會的滿意度，2022亞洲同志運動會的舉辦也呈現臺灣透過運動賽會凸顯性別平權與友善城市的效益。本研究之目的在於瞭解2022亞洲同志運動會參賽者人口統計變項與特性；探究參賽者之參與動機、涉入與滿意度之間的相關性；以及分析參賽者之參與動機、涉入對滿意度的預測力。本研究以立意抽樣方式進行，研究對象為2022亞洲同志運動會的國內參賽者，於比賽結束後以線上問卷方式寄送至參賽者信箱調查，共回收有效問卷335份。本研究工具有參與動機量表、涉入量表、滿意度量表與人口統計變項，資料處理與分析包括描述性統計分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元迴歸分析。研究結果顯示 一、參賽者生理性別為男性 (62.4%)、性取向為同性戀 (47.8%)、年齡介於21-40歲 (87.2％)、教育程度大學 (67.5%) 居多。 二、參與動機、涉入程度及滿意度方面呈現顯著正相關。特別是「心理需求」和「情感涉入」在滿意度的品質因素上具有較高的相關程度。 三、參與動機、涉入程度對整體滿意度有顯著的預測力。本研究建議在賽會應該藉由強化參賽者的情感連結，並且優化服務品質，進而提高參賽者對賽事的滿意度和忠誠度，並吸引更多的人參與到這個有意義的活動中來。

The participation motivation of participants is essential for sporting event success, as different motivations and involvement levels drive ongoing participation. The 2022 Asia Gay Games in Taiwan highlight the benefits of promoting gender equality and a friendly city through such events. This study aims to understand the demographic variables and characteristics of the participants, explore the relationship between participation motivation, involvement, and satisfaction, and analyze their predictive power on satisfaction. Using purposive sampling, an online questionnaire was sent to domestic participants, receiving 335 valid responses. Data processing and analysis included descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results show that the majority of participants were male (62.4%), homosexual (47.8%), aged 21-40 (87.2%), and college-educated (67.5%). Participation motivation, involvement, and satisfaction were significantly positively correlated, with "psychological needs" and "emotional involvement" showing higher correlations with satisfaction quality factors. Participation motivation and involvement significantly predicted overall satisfaction. This study suggests that event organizers should enhance participants' emotional connections and optimize service quality to increase participant satisfaction and loyalty towards the event. This will attract more people to participate in this meaningful activity.

于健、沈怡欣 (2016)。馬拉松跑者參與動機、遊憩專門化與休閒效益之研究。環境與管理研究， 17-31。
包怡芬 (2018)。健身運動參與動機、涉入程度與休閒效益之研究。運動教練科學，51， 11-24。https://doi.org/10.6194/scs.201809_51.0002
白承皓 (2019)。金門馬拉松路跑參與者參與動機與滿意之相關研究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立金門大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/cwxz6e
行政院 (2021)。 110 年性別平等觀念電話民意調查。https://gec.ey.gov.tw/Page/C0A6CC38F299B3B7
吳佩璟 (2013)。選手參賽動機、涉入程度、滿意度與賽會支持關聯性之研究-以98年全國中等學校運動會為例 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺灣體育大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/r4pjtb
吳明蒼 (2009)。大學生休閒阻礙、休閒動機與休閒滿意之典型相關研究。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，8(1)， 1-11。 https://doi.org/10.6169/ncyujpehr.8.1.01
吳苑菁 (2012)。馬拉松參賽者之參與動機、涉入程度與參與效益之研究－以2012新北市萬金石國際馬拉松為例 [未出版碩士論文]。輔仁大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/sz7upp
吳堃瑞、李城忠 (2017)。路跑參與者參與動機、心流體驗與持續涉入之研究。觀光與休閒管理期刊， 5(2)，68-77。 https://doi.org/10.6510/jtlm.201712_5(2).0006
林秉毅、黃任閔、劉田修 (2004)。服務品質與顧客滿意概念於運動中心經營之重要性。 屏師運動科學學刊，1，44-54。
林莨欽 (2012)。101年全民運動會參與者動機、涉入程度、滿意度之研究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺灣體育運動大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/zsw8ua
邱榮貞 (2018)。中高齡排球運動參與動機及涉入程度探討。屏東大學體育，4，111-127。
洪文龍 (2018)。同志運動會 (Gay Games) 與臺灣同運會發展。性別平等教育季刊，85， 128-131。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=15629716-201812-201901090014-201901090014-128-131
張春興 (2006)。張氏心理學辭典(簡明版)。東華。
張博鈞 (2018)。臺北市社區大學自行車社團成員的自然連結與休閒涉入之初探 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺灣師範大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/c5kd54
曹校章、陳寶億 (2013)。運動賽會觀光參與動機、滿意度與忠誠度之研究－以香港國際七人制橄欖球賽為例。輔仁大學體育學刊，12， 63-85。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=16841018-201305-201307010001-201307010001-63-85
章慈育 (2021)。鐵人三項賽事參與者休閒動機、休閒涉入與休閒滿意度之研究 [未出版碩士論文]。亞洲大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2zfzmg
許登耀 (2016)。自行車騎乘者參與動機、滿意度與重遊意願之研究 [未出版碩士論文]。南華大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/2nx2s7
連央毅、陳美燕 (2015)。馬拉松運動參與動機、休閒效益與滿意度之研究。休閒研究， 6(1)， 48-69。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=20732368-201501-201503110008-201503110008-48-69
陳娉婷 (2018，1月31日)。 民間團體成功申辦Gay Games：不分性向，快樂比賽就好！。關鍵評論。 https://www.thenewslens.com/feature/lgbtq-portraits/88828
陳盛彬、萬捷雄、邱懋峮、鄭賀珍 (2018)。運動觀光參與者之賽會形象、目的地意象與滿意度之研究－以107全國卦山慈善盃桌球錦標賽為例。運動與觀光研究，7(2)， 43-53。 https://doi.org/10.6198/Sports.201812_7(2).0005
陳薇先、邵于玲 (2006)。2004 ING 臺北國際馬拉松參賽者涉入程度、滿意度及再參加意願之研究。 北體學報，14， 146-156. https://doi.org/ 10.6167/TPEC/2006.14.13
游智名 (2010)。2009年富邦臺北馬拉松選手參賽動機與環境屬性對參賽滿意度影響之研究[未出版碩士論文]。國立臺灣師範大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/n69qd7
曾郁嫻 (2013)。臺灣同志與體育運動研究相關議題之探討-以 2000 年至 2012 年學位論文為例。中華體育季刊，27(3)，179-186。https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.2702.201309.1001
湯雅琪 (2014)。主題性路跑參與者參與動機、涉入程度與滿意度之研究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺灣師範大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/dz5748
黃郁琦、王清欉 (2003)。不同技能水準大專學生運動參與動機與運動阻礙因素之分析研究。政大體育研究，15，25-36。 https://doi.org/10.30411/CTTYYC.200309_(15).0003
黃婉婷 (2022，1月19日)。北市亞洲同志運動會，跨性別選美吸睛。中時新聞網。 https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83-%E8%B7%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E9%81%B8%E7%BE%8E%E5%90%B8%E7%9D%9B-201000628.html
楊天宇 (2013)。高爾夫消費者涉入、口碑傳播與球場品牌形象之研究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺灣師範大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/wt4j84
楊雅婷 (2013)。現代同志運動員之社會認同與定位：一個質的觀點 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺灣體育運動大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/626m7f
楊雅婷、陳渝苓 (2013)。彩虹信念：性別弱勢在運動中的平權與興起。大專體育，125， 8-15。 https://doi.org/10.6162/srr.2013.125.02
董千綺 (2016)。馬拉松參賽者之社群參與、參與動機、涉入程度與賽會滿意度之相關研究-以2016MIZUNO高雄國際馬拉松為例 [未出版碩士論文]。國立高雄師範大學。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/7396s4。
詹宏文 (2016)。全國中等學校運動會網球選手之運動動機、涉入程度對流暢體驗之研究。運動休閒管理學報， 13(4)， 111-125。 https://doi.org/10.6214/jsrm.1304.007
廖靜蓮、許光麃(2011)。同志運動會的社會認同之探討。體育學系系刊，11，35-46。https://doi.org/10.29793/TYHHHK.201112.0004
劉士煜 (2021)。如果可以，請容許我原本的樣子： 男同性戀運動員的性取向認同發展歷程之探究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺北教育大學。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/265yjh。
蔡亞樺 (2022，1月18日)。 亞洲同志運動會4/29登場 蔡炳坤：臺灣第一次也是亞洲第一次。自由時報。https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/3804873
蔡宜臻、彭小惠、謝立文 (2017)。 2015 熊愛跑公益健康路跑參與動機, 涉入程度對幸福感之相關研究。 臺南大學體育學報，12， 155-170。 https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=a0000561-201712-201803160018-201803160018-155-170
蔡聰智、謝旻諺、曾淑平 (2008)。梨山馬拉松賽參與者之參與動機與參與滿意度之研究。臺南科大學報(人文管理)，27，195-208。 https://doi.org/10.6970/jtuthsm.200809.0195
鄧筑媛、陳乃嘉 (2020)。從公投元年到同婚元年－婚姻平權運動的民主實驗與實踐。臺灣民主季刊，17(2)，137-147。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=17269350-202006-202011260013-202011260013-137-147
Amorose, A. J., & Horn, T. S. (2001). Pre-to post-season changes in the intrinsic motivation of first year college athletes: Relationships with coaching behavior and scholarship status. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(4), 355-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/104132001753226247
Andersen, J. J. (2021, Sep 21). The state of running 2019. Runrepeat. https://runrepeat.com/state-of-running
Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., & Lehmann, D. R. (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share, and profitability: Findings from Sweden. Journal of marketing, 58(3), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800304
Appleton, P. R., & Hill, A. P. (2012). Perfectionism and athlete burnout in junior elite athletes: The mediating role of motivation regulations. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 6(2), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.6.2.129
Carrillat, F. A., Jaramillo, F., & Mulki, J. P. (2007). The validity of the SERVQUAL and SERVPERF scales: A meta‐analytic view of 17 years of research across five continents. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18(5), 472-490. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230710826250
Celsi, R. L., & Olson, J. C. (1988). The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 210-224. https://doi.org/10.1086/209158
Celuch, K. G., & Taylor, S. A. (1999). Involvement with services: An empirical replication and extension of Zaichkowsky's personal involvement inventory. The Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 12, 109-122.
Chalip, L., & McGuirty, J. (2004). Bundling sport events with the host destination. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 9(3), 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/1477508042000320241
CHANTAI, Y., & Guay, F. (1996). An Exploratory Investigation with Bulgarian Athletes. Int. J. Sport Psychol, 27, 173-182.
Day, G. S. (1970). Buyer Attitudes and Brand Choice Behavior. American Behavioral Scientist, 14(1), 136–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276427001400146
de Franco Tobar, L., Meurer, S. T., & Benedetti, T. B. (2013). Motivational factors of senior athletes to participate in the Ironman. Science & Sports, 28(3), e63-e65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2013.01.001
Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627.
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briere, N. M., & Provencher, P. J. (1995). Competitive and recreational sport structures and gender: A test of their relationship with sport motivation. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 24-24.
Gillet, N., Vallerand, R. J., & Paty, B. (2013). Situational motivational profiles and performance with elite performers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(6), 1200-1210. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12083
Green, B. C., & Chalip, L. (1998). Sport tourism as the celebration of subculture. Annals of tourism research, 25(2), 275-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00073-X
Héon, J. (2003, Nov. 11). Rendez-Vous Montréal 2006 Will Happen Without the Federation of Gay Games. GLISA.https://montreal2006.info/en_release_11_november_2003.html
Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1990). Propositions for testing the involvement construct in recreational and tourism contexts. Leisure Sciences, 12(2), 179-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409009513099
Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes. Journal of Leisure Research, 31(2), 122-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1999.11949854
Houston, M. J. (1978). Conceptual and methodological perspectives on involvement. Research frontiers in marketing: Dialogues and directions, 184-187.
Howard, J. A., & Sheth, J. N. (1969). The theory of buyer behavior. New York, 63, 145.
Huppertz, J. W., Arenson, S. J., & Evans, R. H. (1978). An application of equity theory to buyer-seller exchange situations. Journal of Marketing Research, 15(2), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377801500208
Jarvis, N. (2017). The transgressive potential of international volunteering: Issues and legacies at the 2014 Cleveland/Akron Gay Games. International Sports Volunteering, 77-97.
Kapferer, J. N., & Laurent, G. (1985). Consumer involvement profiles: a new and practical approach to consumer involvement. J, Advert. Res. 25 (6), 48-56.
Kerstetter, D. L., & Kovich, G. M. (1997). An involvement profile of Division I women’s basketball spectators. Journal of Sport Management, 11(3), 234-249. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.11.3.234
Kivel, B. D., & Kleiber, D. A. (2000). Leisure in the identity formation of lesbian/gay youth: Personal, but not social. Leisure Sciences, 22(4), 215-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409950202276
Ko, Y. J., & Pastore, D. L. (2004). Current issues and conceptualizations of service quality in the recreation sport industry. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(3).
Kotler, P., & Scheff, J. (1997). Standing room only: Strategies for marketing the performing arts. Harvard Business School Press.
Laverie, D. A., & Arnett, D. B. (2000). Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(2), 225-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2000.11949915
Lindahl, J., Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., & Colliander, C. (2015). Trends and knowledge base in sport and exercise psychology research: a bibliometric review study. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(1), 71-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2015.1019540
Loy, J. W. (1968). The nature of sport: A definitional effort. Quest, 10(1), 1-15.
Madrigal, R. (1995). Cognitive and affective determinants of fan satisfaction with sporting event attendance. Journal of Leisure Research, 27(3), 205-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1995.11949745
Madrigal, R. (2003). Investigating an evolving leisure experience: Antecedents and consequences of spectator affect during a live sporting event. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(1), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2003-v35-i1-609
Majoros, K. (2015, 2015-8-13). Locals win big at EuroGames. https://www.washingtonblade.com/2015/08/13/locals-win-big-at-eurogames/
Mallett, C. J., & Hanrahan, S. J. (2004). Elite athletes: why does the ‘fire’burn so brightly? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(2), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00043-2
Maslow, A. H. (1981). Motivation and personality. Prabhat Prakashan.
McClelland, D. C. (1951). Measuring motivation in phantasy: The achievement motive. Groups, leadership and men; research in human relations, 191-205.
McGehee, N. G., Yoon, Y., & Cárdenas, D. (2003). Involvement and travel for recreational runners in North Carolina. Journal of Sport Management, 17(3), 305-324. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.17.3.305
Mittal, B., & Lee, M.-S. (1989). A causal model of consumer involvement. Journal of economic psychology, 10(3), 363-389.
Nuviala, A., Grao-Cruces, A., Pérez-Turpin, J. A., & Nuviala, R. (2012). Perceived service quality, perceived value and satisfaction in groups of users of sports organizations in Spain. Kinesiology, 44(1), 94-103. https://hrcak.srce.hr/83588
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
Oliver, R. L. (2014). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge.
Otnes, C., Lowrey, T. M., & Shrum, L. (1997). Toward an understanding of consumer ambivalence. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(1), 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1086/209495
Park, C. W., & Young, S. M. (1986). Consumer response to television commercials: The impact of involvement and background music on brand attitude formation. Journal of Marketing Research, 23(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378602300102
Progres, L. F. (2012, 2012-07-05). Montenegrin delegation for the first time on LGBT EuroGames. https://lgbtprogres.me/novosti/crna-gora-po-prvi-put-na-lgbt-eurogame-su-u-budimpe%C5%A1ti/
Pronger, B. (1992). The arena of masculinity: Sports, homosexuality, and the meaning of sex. Macmillan.
Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(3), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.06.002
Richins, M. L., & Bloch, P. H. (1991). Post-purchase product satisfaction: Incorporating the effects of involvement and time. Journal of Business Research, 23(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(91)90025-S
Roberts, G. C., & Treasure, D. (2012). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise. Human Kinetics.
Roberts, G. C., Treasure, D. C., & Conroy, D. E. (2007). Understanding the dynamics of motivation in sport and physical activity: An achievement goal interpretation. Handbook of sport psychology, 3, 3-30.
Robinson, T., & Gammon, S. (2004). A question of primary and secondary motives: revisiting and applying the sport tourism framework. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 9(3), 221-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/1477508042000320223
Rodrigues, L. L., Barkur, G., Varambally, K., & Golrooy Motlagh, F. (2011). Comparison of SERVQUAL and SERVPERF metrics: an empirical study. The TQM Journal, 23(6), 629-643. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731111175248
Rogers, D. (2022, 2022/4/30). Live stream of first-ever Asian Pride Games in Taipei https://qnews.com.au/live-stream-of-first-ever-asian-pride-games-in-taipei/
Rothschild, M. L. (1979). Advertising Strategies for High and Low Involvement Situations. J. C. Maloney, and B. Silverman (Eds.), Attitude Research Plays for High Stakes in, (pp. 74-93). Chicago: American Marketing Association
Söderlund, M., & Rosengren, S. (2004). Dismantling" positive affect" and its effects on customer satisfaction: an empirical examination of customer joy in a service encounter. The Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 17, 27-41. https://jcsdcb.com/index.php/JCSDCB/article/view/60
Shapiro, S. L., & Ridinger, L. L. (2011). An analysis of donor involvement, gender, and giving in college athletics. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 20(1). https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/hms_fac_pubs/21/
Sherif, M., & Cantril, H. (1949). The Psychology of Ego-Involvement. Journal of Social Psychology, 30(1), 167.
Srisiri, S. (2022). The Relationship Between Participant Satisfaction, Perceived Service Quality, and Expenditures in A Sports Event. ACPES Journal of Physical Education, Sport, and Health (AJPESH), 2(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.15294/ajpesh.v2i1.56479
Stafford, M. R., & Day, E. (1995). Measuring service involvement: A preliminary assessment. American Marketing Association Educators' Proceedings, 6, 75-80.
Symons, C. (2012). The gay games (Vol. Routledge critical studies in sport). Routledge.
Theodorakis, N. D., Kaplanidou, K., & Karabaxoglou, I. (2015). Effect of event service quality and satisfaction on happiness among runners of a recurring sport event. Leisure Sciences, 37(1), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2014.938846
Tsuji, Y., Bennett, G., & Zhang, J. (2007). Consumer satisfaction with an action sports event. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 16(4), 199.
Van de Pol, P. K., Kavussanu, M., & Kompier, M. (2015). Autonomy support and motivational responses across training and competition in individual and team sports. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(12), 697-710. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12331
Weiner, B., Russell, D., & Lerman, D. (1979). The cognition–emotion process in achievement-related contexts. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 37(7), 1211. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.37.7.1211
Xiao, Y., Ren, X., Zhang, P., & Ketlhoafetse, A. (2020). The effect of service quality on foreign participants’ satisfaction and behavioral intention with the 2016 Shanghai International Marathon. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 21(1), 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-04-2019-0037
Yıldız, S., Duyan, M., & Günel, İ. (2018). The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction: an empirical study on fitness centers' customers. Spor Bilimleri Araștırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-8.
Yoshida, M. (2017). Consumer experience quality: A review and extension of the sport management literature. Sport management review, 20(5), 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.01.002
Yoshida, M., Gordon, B., Nakazawa, M., & Biscaia, R. (2014). Conceptualization and measurement of fan engagement: Empirical evidence from a professional sport context. Journal of Sport Management, 28(4), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2013-0199
Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.
Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1994). The personal involvement inventory: Reduction, revision, and application to advertising. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 59-70.
Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (1999). Comparing service delivery to what might have been: Behavioral responses to regret and disappointment. Journal of Service Research, 2(1), 86-97.
Zeigler, C. (2017, May 26). The OutGames are canceled. OUTSPORTS. https://www.outsports.com/2017/5/26/15700990/outgames-canceled