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研究生: 范瑾瑜
Chin-Yu Fan
論文名稱: 台灣油杉之族群遺傳及適應性演化
Population genetic structure and adaptive evolution of Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana
指導教授: 黃士穎
Hwang, Shih-Ying
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 生命科學系
Department of Life Science
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 87
中文關鍵詞: 間斷分布遺傳結構擴增片段長度多態性台灣油杉
英文關鍵詞: disjunction, genetic structure, amplified fragment length polymorphism, Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana Hay.
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:170下載:6
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  • 台灣油杉(Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana Hay.)屬松科植物,為台灣特有種。前人研究指出族群間斷分布容易導致族群間基因交流受阻,以至於族群間分化程度逐漸增加,於演化歷程中可能趨於形成在地適應性(local adaptation)之物種,甚至可能發生異域種化(allopatric speciation)的現象。台灣油杉分布於本島之兩端,呈現間斷分布。本研究目的為探討台灣油杉族群間遺傳分化情形,是否因棲地環境明顯差異而產生在地適應性演化。本研究使用擴增片段長度多態性 (amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP)的分子標記,共使用12組引子擴增,獲得465個有效條帶。依據STRUCTURE結果可將台灣油杉分為2個歸群。分析族群結構時發現台灣油杉南北部族群間具有顯著遺傳分化,台東大武30林班及41林班也具有顯著分化現象。族群間基因交流與地理距離呈現顯著正相關。中性檢測,發現台灣油杉族群內共有27個偏離中性演化的基因座,其中有11個與環境因子呈現顯著關連性。經連鎖不平衡之檢測,發現台灣油杉族群內具有不同的連鎖區域,推測台灣油杉可能受到地理距離與分歧型天擇的影響,產生不同的適應性演化,族群基因組已有分化現象。

    Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana (Pinaceae) is endemic to Taiwan. K. davidiana var. formosana distributed disjunctly in rocky ridges of northern and southern tips of Taiwan. Therefore, this species may provide as an invaluable material for the study of allopatric speciation in plants. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to understand the patterns of genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of this species and formulate the fundamental information of widely separated northern and southern populations of this species by using Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 465 bands were detected by the 12 AFLP primer sets. According to the results of STRUCTURE and AMOVA, populations were clustered into two groups, northern and southern groups. Moreover, isolation by distance test showed that the differentiation is between populations associated with geographic distances. We also found population DO and EO differentiated significantly in southern group. Through the outlier-detected methods, we found 27 loci which deviated from neutral evolution, of which 11 showed significant association with environmental factors. The detection of different linkage disequilibrium patterns in the K. davidiana var. formosana populations, indicating different linkage blocks within each population. We speculated that the differentiation among K. davidiana var. formosana population may be effected by geographic distances and differential selective pressures among habitats, which would promote adaptive evolution.

    致謝...................I 目錄..................II 表目錄....................IV 圖目錄....................VI 摘要....................1 第一章前言....................3 第二章前人研究......................6 一、間斷分布對族群演化的影響.....................6 二、台灣油杉之相關研究.....................8 三、族群遺傳研究工具AFLP.....................11 第三章材料與方法.....................13 一、研究材料.....................13 二、樣本採集.....................13 三、樣本處理.....................14 四、DNA萃取、定量與稀釋.....................14 五、擴增片段長度多型性( AFLP).....................16 六、資料分析.....................18 第四章結果.....................25 一、台灣油杉樹高與胸徑之比較.....................25 二、擴增片段長度多型性引子的篩選.....................25 三、遺傳歧異度.....................25 四、族群遺傳結構與分群.....................26 五、台灣油杉環境因子的差異.....................28 六、天擇作用受選汰的基因座.....................29 七、適應性演化基因座與環境因子的關連.....................30 第五章討論.....................32 一、AFLP引子之篩選.....................32 二、族群遺傳歧異度.....................32 三、台灣油杉族群結構.....................33 四、台灣油杉適應性演化.....................35 第六章結論.....................39 第七章參考文獻.....................40 第八章表目錄.....................47 第九章圖目錄.....................66

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