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研究生：	尤莉莉 Ljiljana Jovanovic Kotcherlakota
論文名稱：	現代漢語信息結構與斯語對比 Comparison of Information Structure between Chinese and Slovenian
指導教授：	鄧守信 Teng, Shou-Hsin
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	華語文教學系 Department of Chinese as a Second Language
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	113
中文關鍵詞：	信息結構、語序、話題－述題
英文關鍵詞：	Information structure, word order, topic-comment
DOI URL：	https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205362
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：230 下載：60
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　　　　本論以Halliday (1967,1985), Lambrecht (1994)以及Teng (1984) 介紹信息結構(information structure) 理論和討論了漢語與斯語的話題−述題(topic-comment)結構類型及其形態句法特徵。
　　　　根據Li and Thompson（1976）漢語屬於「話題凸顯型語言」而斯洛維尼亞語(斯拉夫語) 屬於「主語凸顯型語言」，Li and Thompson (1976)認為一般句子主要成分是話題(topic) 和述題(comment)
　　　　話題是現代漢語重要的研究內容，涉及到語序、語言類型、信息結構等多方面的的問題。本文認為話題在句法形式上有一定的反映，如語法標記、語音亭頓等，話題同時收到三個平面的句法、語義、語用三者相互制約的影響。從話題標記由實到虛的變化，語法結構的轉換、移位可以看出，話題正處於語法化的進程中，仍有部分屬於語用範疇，而不完全是一個句法範疇。
　　　　本文為話題句與非話題句的對比向學習者做了問卷調查,我們以兩種不同的語言類型背景的受訪者為調查對象:漢語是話題凸顯型語言, 斯語是主語凸顯型的語言。目的是從語篇角度考察非母語者與母語者對漢語話題句掌握情況的差別度。「話題句」資料來源是向學習者做了問卷調查，我們參考了《新實用視聽華語》以斯語為母語的生學習漢語時，一種移位話題句類型：賓語提前型及兩重無移位話題句類型：主語提前型(或左移)和漢語風格話題。
　　　　到日前為止，研究漢語學習者在斯洛維尼亞學習漢語過程中面對甚問題，這樣的研究很少也可以說是沒有。

In this thesis we focus on the theoretical background of information structure as proposed by Halliday, Lambrecht and Teng. This theory is used to describe syntactic and morphological characteristic of topic-comment structures in Chinese and Slovenian languages.

According to Li and Thomson, Chinese is a topic-prominent language while Slovenian (and other Slavic languages) are considered to be subject-prominent languages.

Topic plays a vital role in research of modern Chinese language, focusing on word order, language typology, information structure etc. In the syntactic level of a sentence, different languages mark topics in different ways: distinct intonation and word order are most common means. In this thesis we focus on few examples from Slovenian and compare them to Chinese topic comment structures.

Slovenian learners of Chinese language and Native Chinese speakers participated in a survey involving three groups of topic-comment sentences using Object Fronting, Subject Fronting as well as Chinese Style Topic.

This thesis is the first attempt of above comparative study and analysis between the information structure in Chinese and Slovenian.

目錄
中文搞要............................................................................................................................. I
Abstract........................................................................................................................... II
表目錄................................................................................................................................. V
圖目錄............................................................................................................................... VI
第一章： 緒論..............................................................................................................1
1 研究動機..................................................................................................................2
2 研究目的..................................................................................................................3
3 研究範圍..................................................................................................................3
4 本文結構..................................................................................................................3
5 術語解釋..................................................................................................................4
第二章文獻探討....................................................................................................... 6
1 漢斯類型學對比......................................................................................................6
1.1 語言類型.........................................................................................................6
1.2 語序類型.........................................................................................................8
1.3 代詞脫落參數及主詞脫落參數.....................................................................9
1.4 話題顯著與主語顯著...................................................................................11
1.5 小結...............................................................................................................13
2 信息結構的界定..................................................................................................14
2.1 Halliday........................................................................................................14
2.2 Lambrecht......................................................................................................15
2.3 鄧守信.............................................................................................................16
3 主位結構的界定....................................................................................................16
4 話題的界定............................................................................................................17
4.1 Lambrecht.......................................................................................................18
4.2 Dik...................................................................................................................21
4.3 Givón...............................................................................................................22
5 漢學對話題的定義................................................................................................23
5.1 趙元任.............................................................................................................24
5.2 Li & Thompson ...........................................................................................24
5.3 湯廷池.............................................................................................................26
5.4 曹逢甫.............................................................................................................27
5.5 徐烈炯、劉丹青.............................................28
6 小結........................................................................................................................29
第三章信息結構特性的研究.......................................................................................31
1 信息結構的地位..................................................................................................31
IV
2 信息與話題..........................................................................................................32
3 話題與主語..........................................................................................................35
3.1 Li and Thompson...........................................................................................36
3.2 屈承熹.............................................................................................................37
3.3 曹逢甫.............................................................................................................40
3.4 徐烈炯、劉丹青.............................................................................................41
3.5 陳俊光.............................................................................................................43
3.6. 小結...............................................................................................................45
4 信息與焦點......................................................................................................45
4.1 Lambrecht.......................................................................................................46
4.2 鄧守信.............................................................................................................49
4.3 徐烈炯、劉丹青.............................................................................................50
4.4 陳俊光..............................................................................................................51
4.5 小結.................................................................................................................52
第四章現代漢語話題句................................................................................................. 54
1 話題句話題的特性.................................................................................................54
2 句成分的話題化.....................................................................................................56
2.1「主謂謂語句」之分類...................................................................................56
2.2「話題句」之分類...........................................................................................57
3 教材檢視...........................................................................................................63
3.1《新實用視聽華語》.......................................................................................63
3.2《新實用漢語課本》.......................................................................................65
3.3 小結..................................................................................................................66
第五章與斯語的對比...................................................................................................68
1 斯語之特點............................................................................................................68
2 斯語之基本概念....................................................................................................70
2.1 語序.................................................................................................................73
2.2 次位群組.........................................................................................................74
2.3 篇章要點.........................................................................................................76
2.4 主語狀態.........................................................................................................79
3 話題句與主語謂句的調查對比.............................................................................81
3.1 以斯語為母語者的漢語教學..........................................................................81
3.2 本研究之背景..................................................................................................82
3.3 本研究之內容及結果.....................................................................................83
第六章結論...................................................................................................................94
參考文獻........................................................................................................................... 96
附綠................................................................................................................................. 101

                                

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　　　　三、教材
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劉珣主編（2002）。新實用漢語課本。北京：北京語言大學出版社。

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