摘要

本研究主要目的在探討幼兒園中受忽視幼兒與受爭議幼兒的社會能力現況與相關影響因素。針對台北市五所公立幼稚園十二個大班，328名幼兒進行照片式社會計量法，選出受忽視幼兒70名，受爭議幼兒52名，進行社會能力評量。再以SPSS（12.0版）統計軟體進行資料分析，透過平均數、標準差、最大值與最小值呈現受忽視幼兒與受爭議幼兒的社會能力現況。並以幼兒的性別、排行與家庭社經地位為自變項，幼兒社會能力為依變項，進行三因子變異數分析以考驗不同性別、排行與家庭社經地位之受忽視幼兒與受爭議幼兒的社會能力差異。本研究主要結果如下：
一、受忽視幼兒之「社會能力」現況：受忽視幼兒的整體社會能力屬於中等；在各向度能力方面，以「合群合作」能力最佳，其次是「獨立自主」能力，接著依序是「禮貌」能力和「利他行為」，最少出現的則是「互動行為」。
二、受爭議幼兒之「社會能力」現況：受爭議幼兒的整體社會能力屬於中上程度；在各向度能力方面，「合群合作」能力最佳，其次是「獨立自主」能力，接著依序是「互動行為」和「禮貌」能力，最少出現的則是「利他行為」。
三、受忽視幼兒與受爭議幼兒社會能力之現況比較：受忽視幼兒與受爭議幼兒在「社會能力」整體表現、「利他行為」、「禮貌」以及「獨立自主」等能力沒有顯著差異。但是受忽視幼兒的「合群合作」能力高於受爭議幼兒；另外，受爭議幼兒的「互動行為」表現高於受忽視幼兒。
四、不同性別、排行與家庭社經地位受忽視幼兒社會能力的差異
（一）受忽視幼兒整體的「社會能力」、「互動行為」與「獨立自主」
能力不因性別、排行與家庭社經地位的不同而有顯著差異。
（二）在「利他行為」方面，受忽視幼兒女生的能力高於男生。
（三）排行獨子的受忽視幼兒，女生的「合群合作」表現優於男生。
（四）低社經家庭的受忽視幼兒女生之「禮貌」表現高於男生。
（五）來自高社經家庭之受忽視幼兒男生的「禮貌」表現優於低社經家庭之受忽視幼兒男生。
五、不同性別、排行與家庭社經地位影響受爭議幼兒社會能力的差異
（一）受爭議幼兒的「社會能力」、「利他行為」、「合群合作」、「互動行為」、「禮貌」 與「獨立自主」能力會因性別不同而顯著不同，女生的能力均比男生高。
（二）排行與家庭社經地位因素僅在「禮貌」能力上有交互作用存在，高社經又排行老二的受爭議幼兒之「禮貌」能力高於低社經又排行老二的受爭議
幼兒。

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