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研究生: 張櫻玉
論文名稱: 外在焦點回饋下錯誤估計對柔道浮腰動作表現與學習的影響
EFFECTS OF ERROR ESTIMATION UNDER EXTERNAL-FOCUS FEEDBACK ON PERFORMANCE AND LEARNING OF UKI-GOSHI IN JUDO
指導教授: 卓俊伶
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 85
中文關鍵詞: 錯誤估計外在焦點回饋動作表現動作學習浮腰動作
英文關鍵詞: rror estimation, external-focus feedback, motor performance, motor learning, Uki-Goshi
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:186下載:11
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  • 以反應連結假說的觀點而論,個體在完成一項動作行為後,會對先前行為產生一個回饋參照機制。本研究主要是藉由給回饋的方式,引導學習者將注意焦點放於外在有利動作執行的線索當中,探討不同頻次高低(0%、100%、50%Est.)的錯誤估計 (error estimation, 簡稱Est.),在進行柔道浮腰動作表現與學習上的效應。以30名(平均年齡為20.5 ± 0.5歲)沒有柔道浮腰動作練習經驗的大學生為實驗參與者,隨機分成:(1)0%Est.的外在焦點回饋組;(2)100%Est.的外在焦點回饋組;和(3)50%Est.的外在焦點回饋組等三組。依變項為參與者浮腰動作型式(共計有手、膝、腳、與身體轉動四個部位)之得分。實驗結果經混合設計二因子(錯誤估計頻次 × 試做區間)變異數分析,其中試做區間為重複量數,結果發現:(1)在獲得期中,不同錯誤估計頻次的組別與試作的區間之交互作用達統計上的顯著差異(F(2, 27) = 3.2, p < .05, ES = 0.35, Power = 1.00);(2)在保留測驗中,不同錯誤估計頻次的組別與試作的區間之交互作用未達統計上的顯著差異(F(2, 27) = 1.6, p > .05, ES = 0.14, Power = 0.31),但在不同頻次組別間的單純主要效果達統計上的顯著差異(F(2, 27) = 6.0, p < .05, ES = 0.31, Power = 0.85)。依據上述結果,本研究所得結論為:(1) 不同錯誤估計頻次的安排,對浮腰動作表現有影響,且影響程度依據試做的區間有所不同;(2)不同錯誤估計頻次的安排,對浮腰動作學習有影響,且100%頻次的錯誤估計較0%頻次與50%頻次有正面的獲益。

    Feedback comparative mechanism could occur from the previous response, which according to the Response-chaining Hypothesis regarded that participant finished the movement behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of frequency of error estimation (Est.)(0%, 100%, 50%) under external-focus feedback on performance and learning of Uki-Goshi in judo. Feedback would guide learner’s attention to focus on external environment cues, and could facilitate movement to execute. Participants (N = 30, mean age = 20.57 yrs., SD = 0.58 yrs.), who didn’t have Uki-Goshi practice experience, were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, (1) 0%Est. external-focus feedback, (2) 100%Est. external-focus feedback, and (3) 50%Est. external-focus feedback. Dependent variable were scores of Uki-Goshi pattern (including four components: hand, knee, feet, and turn of body). Mixed-design two-way ANOVA (frequency of Est. × blocks) with repeated measures on blocks, revealed that (1) Interaction effects were found during acquisition in different frequency of estimated groups and blocks (p < .05, ES = 0.35, Power = 0.98), (2) During retention test, no interaction effect was found (p > .05), but significant different was found in groups (p < .05, ES = 0.40, Power = 0.84). It was concluded that (1) Different frequency of Est. had positive effects on Uki-Goshi performance and the degree of effect was up to the blocks of trials, (2) Different frequency of Est. had effects on Uki-Goshi learning, and 100% of Est. had more positive benefits than that of 0% and 50% Est.

    目 次 頁次 授權書……………………………………………………………… i 口試委員與系主任簽字證書……………………………………… iii 中文摘要…………………………………………………………… iv 英文摘要…………………………………………………………… v 謝誌………………………………………………………………… vi 目次………………………………………………………………… vii圖次………………………………………………………………… x 表次………………………………………………………………… xi 第壹章 緒論 第一節 問題背景…………………………………………… 1 第二節 研究問題…………………………………………… 7 第三節 名詞解釋…………………………………………… 8 第四節 研究假定與限制…………………………………… 9 第五節 研究的重要性……………………………………… 9 第貳章 理論基礎與文獻探討 第一節 基模理論…………………………………………… 10 第二節 回饋的種類………………………………………… 11 第三節 注意在動作學習中的角色………………………… 13 第四節 外在焦點回饋的文獻探討………………………… 14 第五節 錯誤估計在動作學習中的角色與文獻探討……… 17 第六節 理論與文獻回顧總結……………………………… 19 第七節 假說………………………………………………… 20 第參章 研究方法與步驟 第一節 實驗參與者………………………………………… 21 第二節 實驗設計…………………………………………… 21 第三節 實驗動作與器材…………………………………… 24 第四節 實驗步驟…………………………………………… 27 第五節 資料處理與分析…………………………………… 29 第肆章 結果 第一節 各組浮腰動作表現與學習之比較………………… 31 第二節 各組訪談結果之比較……………………………… 37 第伍章 討論 第一節 各組浮腰動作表現與學習方面………………….. 42第二節 各組訪談結果方面………………………………… 44 第三節 綜合討論…………………………………………… 46 第陸章 結論、建議與應用 第一節 結論………………………………………………… 48 第二節 建議與應用………………………………………… 50 引用文獻 中文部分……………………………………………………… 51 英文部分……………………………………………………… 51 附錄 附錄一 浮腰動作型式自我錯誤評估表…………………… 56 附錄二 參加柔道浮腰動作研究參與者須知與同意書…… 57 附錄三 專家效度之柔道教練、裁判名單及其資歷……… 58 附錄四 評分信度一致性之公式…………………………… 60 附錄五 Effect size計算公式……………………………….. 61 附錄六 外在焦點回饋中錯誤估計對柔道浮腰 動作表現與學習之訪談問題……………………… 62 附錄七 訪談結果的原始資料內容………………………… 65 附錄八 訪談結果之類目與例示…………………………… 74 附錄九 組別在區間2至區間10的浮腰動作型式得分 之事後比較表……………………………………… 83 附錄十 區間在0%Est.、100%Est.、與50%Est.三組的 浮腰動作型式得分之事後比較表………………… 85 圖 次 頁次 圖1 浮腰動作執行預備動作……………………………………. 24 圖2 浮腰動作要領第一步驟……………………………………. 24 圖3 浮腰動作要領第二步驟……………………………………. 25 圖4 浮腰動作要領第三步驟……………………………………. 25 圖5 實驗器材與場地佈置………………………………………. 27 圖6 實驗流程圖…………………………………………………. 28 圖7 各組浮腰動作型式得分之平均數曲線圖…………………. 36 表 次 頁次 表1 各組參與者年齡、體重與身高的平均數與標準差表……. 21 表2 著重外在焦點的回饋陳述表………………………………. 22 表3 浮腰動作型式層次分析評量表……………………………. 26 表4 各組獲得期動作型式得分的混合設計二因子 變異數分析摘要表………………………………………… 32 表5 各組獲得期動作型式得分的混合設計單純 主要效果變異數分析摘要表……………………………… 32 表6 各組在保留測驗浮腰動作型式得分的混合設計 二因子變異數分析摘要表………………………………… 37 表7 各組在保留測驗浮腰動作型式得分之組別 主要效果的事後比較表…………………………………… 37 表8 0%Est.組參與者針對問題一的訪談結果表………………. 38 表9 100%Est.與50%Est.組參與者針對問題一的訪談結果表.. 38 表10 各組參與者針對問題二的訪談結果表…………………… 39 表11 各組參與者針對問題三的訪談結果表…………………… 40 表12 各組在區間2的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 83 表13 各組在區間3的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 83 表14 各組在區間4的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 83 表15 各組在區間5的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 83 表16 各組在區間6的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 84 表17 各組在區間7的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 84 表18 各組在區間8的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 84 表19 各組在區間9的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表…………. 84 表20 各組在區間10的浮腰動作型式得分事後比較表………... 84 表21 區間在0%Est.組浮腰動作型式得分之事後比較表……… 85 表22 區間在100%Est.組浮腰動作型式得分之事後比較表…… 85 表23 區間在50%Est.組浮腰動作型式得分之事後比較表…….. 86

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