本研究旨在探究國小高年級學童自尊變化與個人背景以及個人行為等影響因素的關係。以 104 學年就讀於雙北市五年級學童為研究母群體，進行兩年的追蹤調查，並以自填式結構問卷為研究工具，共計分析2143名國小高年級學童，研究結果顯示：
國小五年級學童中高自尊1544人，升六年級有234人自尊降低，多元羅吉斯迴歸分析顯示五年級學業表現不佳、自覺健康程度低、有喝酒行為和被他人霸凌者，以及五年級升六年級學業表現變差、自覺健康程度變差、家庭經濟變差以及被他人霸凌增加者較容易有自尊降低。國小五年級低自尊597人，升六年級有287人自尊提升，多元羅吉斯迴歸分析顯示五年級自覺健康程度高和沒有被他人霸凌者，以及五年級升至六年級自覺健康程度變好、喝酒行為減少和被他人霸凌減少者較容易有自尊提升。
建議學校持續協助學業表現較低的學童、營造友善校園防制霸凌、強化成癮物質預防教育等，以改善國小學童自尊。

This study examined sociodemographic background and behavioral factors associated with changes in self-esteem among senior elementary school students. A two-year longitudinal study was conducted, while self-administered questionnaires were collected in each year. A total of 2,143 senior elementary school students from Taipei City and New Taipei City completed the two-year follow-up survey. The results were as follows.
Of the 1544 fifth-grade students who had medium-to-high self-esteem, 234 students decreased self-esteem from 5th grade to 6th grade. The multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that the factors related to self-esteem decline included poor academic performance, lower self-perceived health, alcohol use, and being bullied in fifth grade coupled with a decrease in academic performance, self-perceived health, household economic status, and being bullied from 5th grade to 6th grade. Of the 597 fifth-grade students who had low self-esteem, 287 students increased self-esteem from 5th grade to 6th grade. The multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that factors related to self-esteem increase included higher self-perceived health and without being bullied in fifth grade coupled with an increase in self-perceived health, a decrease in alcohol use and being bullied from 5th grade to 6th grade.
It was suggested that schools should continuously help students with poor academic performance, create safe environments to prevent school bullying, and strengthen substance use prevention education to improve self-esteem for elementary school students.

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論文或研究報告
張素紅（1995）。老人寂寞與自覺健康狀況, 社會支持之相關研究。 高雄醫學大學護理學系研究所學位論文, 1-1。
鄭秀足（2004）國中生生活壓力, 自尊與偏差行為之相關研究。 碩士論文, 彰化師範大學, 彰化縣。

網路資料
World Health Organization(2018). World Mental Health Day 2018 - Young people and mental health in a changing world
https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2018/10/10/default-calendar/world-mental-health-day-2018