研究生: |
黃鈺婷 Huang, Yu-Ting |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣綠鬣蜥飼主飼養概況與其生態風險行為初探 A Preliminary Study of Green Iguana Owners' Pet-keeping and Ecologically Risky Behaviors in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
王順美
Wang, Shun-Mei |
口試委員: |
林思民
Lin, Si-Min 劉奇璋 Liu, Chi-Chang 王順美 Wang, Shun-Mei |
口試日期: | 2021/06/18 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
環境教育研究所 Graduate Institute of Environmental Education |
論文出版年: | 2021 |
畢業學年度: | 109 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 133 |
中文關鍵詞: | 綠鬣蜥 、特殊寵物 、外來入侵種 、飼主教育 |
英文關鍵詞: | Green Iguana, exotic pets, invasive alien species, pet ownership education |
研究方法: | 調查研究 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100918 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:220 下載:35 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
近年來,台灣兩棲爬行寵物的飼養風氣越來越興盛,然而隨著外來爬行動物在台灣寵物市場的交易日漸活絡,這些物種逸出後入侵台灣原生生態系的可能性也相對提高。
從1986年至2018年,進口台灣的綠鬣蜥共達10萬隻以上。32年來,綠鬣蜥從「新奇寵物」變得「身價低俗」,甚至成為「危害各地」的外來入侵種。一般認為野外綠鬣蜥的來源,可能是脫籠、飼主蓄意棄養的寵物,不過雖然綠鬣蜥造成生態問題的成因與飼主的飼養行為有關,且我國目前也在政策制度上有所作為與規畫,但對於綠鬣蜥飼養現況與飼主生態風險行為頻率的研究仍相對欠缺。
本研究以問卷調查方法,調查我國綠鬣蜥飼主飼養前的評估嚴謹度、飼養概況、寵物依附感程度、生態與規範認知程度、生態風險行為頻率,以及寵物實際逸出頻率等,以建立對綠鬣蜥飼主社群的認知及了解其從事生態風險行為的影響因子。
研究結果顯示,綠鬣蜥飼主在飼養前的評估嚴謹程度是影響飼主飼養經驗好壞的重要因子:事前評估越完善,飼養經驗越正向,反之亦然。此外生態與政策知識程度並非影響飼主生態風險行為的關鍵因素,但若飼主與寵物的情感連結越強,逸出風險行為的頻率也就越低。飼主的生態風險行為頻率越高、飼養過程中遭遇的困難越多,寵物實際逸出的頻率也越高。
建議未來在規劃高入侵風險寵物的飼主教育時,應對潛在飼主強調飼養前嚴謹評估的重要性,並向飼主宣導攜帶寵物至戶外的注意事項,以減低飼主棄養或不小心使寵物逃逸的可能。
Keeping of pet reptiles and amphibians in Taiwan has grown more popular recently. However, as the pet trade of alien reptiles remains active, the ecological risk that these species invade into Taiwan becomes higher.
Among these species, the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) had been imported into Taiwan in large amount between 1986 to 2018, estimated to be more than a hundred thousand. Though the green iguana was once a novel and popular pet choice, its economic value dropped through the decades and now it has even established feral population in southern Taiwan. It is believed that the pet release of green iguanas, both intentionally and accidentally, is the most important contributor to the origin of non-native populations of green iguanas. The government has also responded to this issue with amendment to regulation which permits further breeding and rearing of the species. However, as the main actors in the releasing process, the green iguana owners’ pet-ownership have seldom been examined.
Therefore, in order to enhance the understanding of green iguana owners’ behaviors and the factors in accordance with their ecologically risky behaviors, the study utilizes questionnaire to survey the green iguana owners’ pet-keeping behaviors. Variables include their assessment before keeping, their pet-keeping experience, pet attachment, knowledge of ecological issues and policies, frequency of their ecologically risky behaviors and their pets’ escape frequency.
The results indicate that the more comprehensively the owners assessed before owning a green iguana, the more positive their pet-keeping experience would be. Also, owners’ knowledge toward ecological issues and policies could not predict the frequency of their ecologically risky behaviors; however, the stronger their attachment to pet iguanas is, the lower their frequency of involving ecologically risky behaviors would be. In addition, the higher their frequency of ecologically risky behaviors and the more difficulties they encounter during the ownership, the higher the frequency of their pets’ escape.
To tackle on the pet release issue of green iguanas, and other alien pet species with high invasive risks, the importance of comprehensive assessment before keeping should be emphasized to the potential owners, and the correct way to handle pets outdoor should be advocated to the owners.
台北野生物貿易研究委員會(2012)。臺灣2001-2010年CITES物種進出口貿易狀況。林務局。https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/0001296
行政院農業委員會(2020)。有害生態環境、人畜安全之虞之原非我國原生種陸域野生動物之種類(農林務字第 1091701111 號)。林務局。https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/0002117
行政院(2019)。預告「有害生態環境、人畜安全之虞之原非我國原生種陸域野生動物之種類」草案。行政院公報,第025卷第153期 (2019-08-15)。https://gazette.nat.gov.tw/egFront/detail.do?metaid=109283&log=detailLog
李盈瑩(2010)。《寵物飼養意願研究-消費者社會化、消費者資源與動機之應用》。國立中興大學行銷學系所研究所學位論文,1-116。
林吉洋(2020,11月5日)。誰在養綠鬣蜥?飼主社群心痛寵物變獵物,贊成人道移除但呼籲勿虐殺。上下游。https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/141397/
林務局(2020)。農委會公告修正「適用野生動物保育法之人工飼養、繁殖陸域野生動物種類」及「有害生態環境、人畜安全之虞之原非我國原生種陸域野生動物之種類」,自109年9月1日生效 提醒民眾應於期限內辦理登記。林務局自然保育網。https://conservation.forest.gov.tw/latest/0066234
林新沛、吳明峰(2008)。高雄市民飼、棄養外來種寵物的認知與行為之研究。特有生物研究,10(2),41-52。
邱皓政(2020)。量化研究法(二)統計原理與分析技術(二版)。雙葉書廊有限公司。
紀凱玲(2012)。《寵物飼主之人格特質與生活型態對度假旅館需求之影響—以寵物依附為中介變項》。國立臺灣師範大學餐旅管理與教育研究所學位論文,1-158。
黃福其(1996,10月15日)。大學生溫馨情。聯合晚報,05版。
葉貞沂(2019)。《外來陸龜在臺的知識建構、市場邏輯與價值矛盾》。國立臺灣大學社會學研究所學位論文,1-86。
蔡世彬(2018)。《台灣南部地區入侵綠鬣蜥的族群現況與食物組成》。國立屏東科技大學野生動物保育研究所學位論文,1-83。
劉星君(2010,6月20日)。綠鬣蜥結夥搶劫 吃光農作。聯合報,A12版。
劉啟稜、陳淯茜(2021,1月25日)。綠鬣蜥事件簿|外來生態悲歌。公視。https://ourisland.pts.org.tw/content/7428
簡妤儒(2002)。《寵物商品化與價值變遷:分析 1950 年代後犬市場的形成與變遷》。國立臺灣大學社會學研究所學位論文,1-157。
顏志龍、鄭中平(2019)。給論文寫作者的統計指南:傻瓜也會跑統計。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
Auliya, M., Altherr, S., Ariano-Sanchez, D., Baard, E. H., Brown, C., Brown, R. M., Cantu, J., Gentile, G., Gildenhuys, P., Henningheim, E., Hintzmann, J., Kanari, K., Krvavac, M., Lettink, M., Lippert, J., Luiselli, L., Nilson, G., Nguyen, T. Q., Nijman, V., ..., Ziegler, T. (2016). Trade in live reptiles, its impact on wild populations, and the role of the European market. Biological Conservation, 204, 103-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.017.
Babbie, E.(2013)。社會科學研究方法(The Practice of Social Research 13th Edition)(林秀雲譯)。新加坡商聖智學習。(原著出版年:2012)
Baker, S. E., Cain, R., van Kesteren, F., Zommers, Z. A., D'Cruze, N., Macdonald, D. W. (2013). Rough Trade: Animal Welfare in the Global Wildlife Trade. BioScience, 63(12), 928–938. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.12.6
Bodson, L. (2005). Motivation for pet-keeping in Ancient Greece and Rome: a Preliminary survey. In Podberscek, A. L., Paul, E. S., & Serpell, J. A. (Eds.). Companion animals and us: Exploring the relationships between people and pets (pp.7-26). Cambridge University Press.
Böhm, M., Collen, B., Baillie, J. E., Bowles, P., Chanson, J., Cox, N., Hammerson, G., Hoffmann, M., Livingstone, S. R., Ram, M., Rhodin, A. G. J., Stuart, S. N., Dijk, P. P., Young, B. E., Afuang, L. E., Aghasyan, A., García, A., Aguilar, C., Ajtic, R., ..., & Zug, G. (2013). The conservation status of the world’s reptiles. Biological conservation, 157, 372-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.015
Brockman, B. K., Taylor, V. A., & Brockman, C. M. (2008). The price of unconditional love: Consumer decision making for high-dollar veterinary care. Journal of Business Research, 61(5), 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.09.033
Brown, S. A., & Nye, R. R. (2006). Essentials of the exotic pet practice. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 15(3), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2006.06.009
Burghardt, G. M. (2017). Keeping reptiles and amphibians as pets: challenges and rewards. Veterinary Record, 181(17), 447-449. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.j4912
Bush, E. R., Baker, S. E., & Macdonald, D. W. (2014). Global trade in exotic pets 2006–2012. Conservation Biology, 28(3), 663-676. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12240
Capinha, C., Seebens, H., Cassey, P., García‐Díaz, P., Lenzner, B., Mang, T., Moser, D., Pyšek, P., Rödder, D., Scalera, R., Winter, M., Dullinger, S., & Essl, F. (2017). Diversity, biogeography and the global flows of alien amphibians and reptiles. Diversity and Distributions, 23(11), 1313-1322. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12617
Cassey, P., Delean, S., Lockwood, J. L., Sadowski, J. S., & Blackburn, T. M. (2018). Dissecting the null model for biological invasions: a meta-analysis of the propagule pressure effect. PLoS Biology, 16(4), e2005987. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005987
CBD. (2009, March 20). What are Invasive Alien Species? Convention on Biological Diversity. https://www.cbd.int/idb/2009/about/what/
Divers, S. J., & Stahl, S. J. (Eds.). (2018). Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Driscoll, C. A., & Macdonald, D. W. (2010). Top dogs: wolf domestication and wealth. Journal of biology, 9(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/jbiol226
Duggan, I.C., Rixon, C.A.M. & MacIsaac, H.J. (2006) Popularity and Propagule Pressure: Determinants of Introduction and Establishment of Aquarium Fish. Biol Invasions, 8, 377–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-004-2310-2
Falcón, W., Ackerman, J. D., Recart, W., & Daehler, C. C. (2013). Biology and Impacts of Pacific Island Invasive Species. 10. Iguana iguana, the Green Iguana (Squamata: Iguanidae). Pacific Science, 67(2), 157-186. https://doi.org/10.2984/67.2.2
Filz, K. J., Bohr, A., & Lötters, S. (2018). Abandoned Foreigners: is the stage set for exotic pet reptiles to invade Central Europe? Biodiversity and conservation, 27(2), 417-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1444-3
Freedman, A. H., Gronau, I., Schweizer, R. M., Ortega-Del Vecchyo, D., Han, E., Silva, P. M., Galaverni, M., Fan, Z., Marx, P., Lorente-Galdos, B., Beale, H., Ramirez, O., Hormozdiari, F., Alkan, C., Vilà, C., Squire, K., Geffen, E., Kusak, J., Boyko, A. R., ...Novembre, J. (2014). Genome sequencing highlights the dynamic early history of dogs. PLoS Genet, 10(1), e1004016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004016
Fujisaki, I., Hart, K. M., Mazzotti, F. J., Rice, K. G., Snow, S., & Rochford, M. (2010). Risk assessment of potential invasiveness of exotic reptiles imported to south Florida. Biological Invasions, 12(8), 2585-2596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9667-1
García‐Díaz, P., & Cassey, P. (2014). Patterns of transport and introduction of exotic amphibians in Australia. Diversity and distributions, 20(4), 455-466. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12176
García-Quijano, C. G., Carlo, T. A., & Arce-Nazario, J. (2011). Human ecology of a species introduction: Interactions between humans and introduced green iguanas in a Puerto Rican urban estuary. Human Organization, 70(2), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.70.2.p24755p02826h047
Hines, J. M., H. R. Hungerford and A. N. Tomera. (1986). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior: A metaanalysis. The Journal of Environmental Education. 18 (2): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1987.9943482
Holmberg, R. J., Tlusty, M. F., Futoma, E., Kaufman, L., Morris, J. A., & Rhyne, A. L. (2015). The 800-pound grouper in the room: asymptotic body size and invasiveness of marine aquarium fishes. Marine Policy, 53, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.10.024
IPBES. (2019). Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services.
IUCN SSC Iguana Specialist Group (2017). Position Statement of the IUCN SSC Iguana Specialist Group on Non-Native Invasive Iguanas. http://www.iucn-isg.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/IUCN_SSC_ISG_Invasive_Iguana_Position_Sta tement_Dec2017.pdf
Johnson, T. P., Garrity, T. F., & Stallones, L. (1992). Psychometric Evaluation of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (Laps). Anthrozoös, 5(3), 160-175. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279392787011395
Knapp, C. R., Grant, T. D., Pasachnik, S. A., Angin, B., Boman, E., Brisbane, J., Buckner, S. D., Haakonsson, J. E., Harlow, P. S., Mukhida, F., Thomas‐Moko, Nunia, van den Burg, M. P., & Wasilewski, J. A. (2020). The global need to address threats from invasive alien iguanas. Animal Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12660
Kotrlik, J. W., Bartlett, J. E., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research. Information technology, learning, and performance journal, 19(1), 43-50.
Krysko, K. L., Burgess, J. P., Rochford, M. R., Gillette, C. R., Cueva, D., Enge, K. M., Somma, L. A., Stabile, J. L., Smith, D. C., Wasilewski, J. A., Kieckhefer III, G. N., Granatosky, M. C., & Nielsen, S. V. (2011). Verified non-indigenous amphibians and reptiles in Florida from 1863 through 2010: Outlining the invasion process and identifying invasion pathways and stages. Zootaxa, 3028(1), 1-64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3028.1.1
Kubiak, M. (2019). Veterinary care of green iguanas (Iguana iguana) part 1: husbandry. Companion Animal, 24(7), 386-389. https://doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0023
Kwak, M. L., Lee, L., Okumura, C., & Hsu, C. D. (2019). First report of co-invasion by the reptile nematode Ozolaimus megatyphlon (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) with invasive green iguanas (Iguana iguana) in the Asia–Pacific. Acta parasitologica, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00144-7
Lambert, M. R. K. (1969). Tortoise drain in Morocco. Oryx, 10(3), 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300008164
Lee, K. H., Chen, T. H., Shang, G., Clulow, S., Yang, Y. J., & Lin, S. M. (2019). A check list and population trends of invasive amphibians and reptiles in Taiwan. ZooKeys, 829, 85-130. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.829.27535
Liu, C. C. (2012). Serious fun: Life-deep learning of koi hobbyists (Unpublished PhD dissertation). Oregon State University.
Liu, C. C., & Falk, J. H. (2014). Serious fun: Viewing hobbyist activities through a learning lens. International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 4(4), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2013.824130
Lockwood, J. L., Welbourne, D. J., Romagosa, C. M., Cassey, P., Mandrak, N. E., Strecker, A., Leung, B., Stringham, O. C., Udell, B., Episcopio-Sturgeon, D. J., Tlusty, M. F., Sinclair, J., Springborn, M. R., Pienaar, E. F., Rhyne, A. L., & Keller, R. (2019). When pets become pests: the role of the exotic pet trade in producing invasive vertebrate animals. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17(6), 323-330. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2059
Maceda-Veiga, A., Escribano-Alacid, J., Martínez-Silvestre, A., Verdaguer, I., & Mac Nally, R. (2019). What’s next? The release of exotic pets continues virtually unabated 7 years after enforcement of new legislation for managing invasive species. Biological Invasions, 21, 2933–2947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02023-8
Marshall, B.M., Strine, C. & Hughes, A.C. (2020). Thousands of reptile species threatened by under-regulated global trade. Nature communications, 11(4738),1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18523-4
Pasmans, F., Bogaerts, S., Braeckman, J., Cunningham, A. A., Hellebuyck, T., Griffiths, R. A., Sparreboom, M., Schmidt, B. R., & Martel, A. (2017). Future of keeping pet reptiles and amphibians: towards integrating animal welfare, human health and environmental sustainability. Veterinary Record, 181(7), 450. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104296
Poresky, R. H., Hendrix, C., Mosier, J. E., & Samuelson, M. L. (1987). The companion animal bonding scale: Internal reliability and construct validity. Psychological Reports, 60(3), 743-746. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.3.743
Reaser, J. K., & Meyers, N. M. (2007). HabitattitudeTM: Getting a backbone about the pet release pathway. Managing Vertebrate Invasive Species, 40.
Ritvo, H. (1987). The emergence of modern pet-keeping. Anthrozoös, 1(3), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279388787058425
Rivalan, P., Delmas, V., Angulo, E., Bull, L. S., Hall, R. J., Courchamp, F., Rosser, A. M., & Leader-Williams, N. (2007). Can bans stimulate wildlife trade?. Nature, 447, 529–530. https://doi.org/10.1038/447529a
Schuppli, C. A., Fraser, D., & Bacon, H. J. (2014). Welfare of non-traditional pets. Rev Sci Tech, 33(1), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2287
Sementelli, A., Smith, H. T., Meshaka Jr, W. E., & Engeman, R. M. (2008). Just green iguanas? The associated costs and policy implications of exotic invasive wildlife in South Florida. Public works management & policy, 12(4), 599-606. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X08316157
Serpell, J. A. (1987). Pet-keeping in non-western societies: Some popular misconceptions. Anthrozoös, 1(3), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279388787058443
Serpell, J., & Paul, E. (1994). Pets and the development of positive attitudes to animals. In Animals and Human Society: changing perspectives. Routledge.
Shiau, T. W., Hou, P. C., Wu, S. H., & Tu, M. C. (2006). A survey on alien pet reptiles in Taiwan. Taiwania, 51(2), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2006.51(2).71
Smith, B. (2012). The 'pet effect': Health related aspects of companion animal ownership. Australian Family Physician, 41(6), 439-442. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.409523684517730
Spellerberg, I. F. (1976). The amphibian and reptile trade with particular reference to collecting in Europe. Biological Conservation, 10(3), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(76)90036-7
Stebbins, R. A. (2006). Serious leisure: A perspective for our time. Routledge.
Stringham, O. C., & Lockwood, J. L. (2018). Pet problems: biological and economic factors that influence the release of alien reptiles and amphibians by pet owners. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55(6), 2632-2640. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13237
Su, S., Cassey, P., & Blackburn, T. M. (2016). The wildlife pet trade as a driver of introduction and establishment in alien birds in Taiwan. Biological invasions, 18(1), 215-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-1003-3
Sun, P. L., Yang, C. K., Li, W. T., Lai, W. Y., Fan, Y. C., Huang, H. C., & Yu, P. H. (2021). Infection with Nannizziopsis guarroi and Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in reptiles in Taiwan. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14049
Valdez, J.W. (2021). Using Google Trends to Determine Current, Past, and Future Trends in the Reptile Pet Trade. Animals 11(3), 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030676
van den Burg, M. P., Van Belleghem, S. M., & Villanueva, C. N. D. J. (2020). The continuing march of Common Green Iguanas: arrival on mainland Asia. Journal for Nature Conservation, 57, 125888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125888
Yong, D. L., Fam, S. D., & Lum, S. (2011). Reel Conservation: Can Big Screen Animations Save Tropical Biodiversity? Tropical Conservation Science, 4(3), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291100400302
Zasloff, R. L. (1996). Measuring attachment to companion animals: a dog is not a cat is not a bird. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 47(1-2), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(95)01009-2