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研究生： 林祥瑋
論文名稱： 利用經驗模態分解法與最小平方法消除心電訊號雜訊
Noise Filtering of Electrocardiogram Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Least Square Method
指導教授： 吳順德
Wu, Shuen-De
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 機電工程學系
Department of Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年： 2009
畢業學年度： 97
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 76
中文關鍵詞： 經驗模態分解法 、最小平方法 、心電圖訊號 、雜訊濾除
英文關鍵詞： empirical mode decomposition (EMD), least squares, Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, de-noising
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：135  下載：4 
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    • 心電圖在心血管相關疾病判斷與偵測上扮演相當重要的角色，而一般使用儀器量測到之心電圖通常都會受到雜訊干擾，使得心電圖上各個波形與波段的特徵變得無法辨認與擷取，這對於臨床工作者與醫療人員在病徵上的判斷會造成困擾。雜訊的種類相當多，其中不乏各個頻段的干擾源，主要如：高頻的市電干擾(Power Line Interference)、低頻的基準線漂移(Baseline Drift)與肌肉波(Electromyography, EMG)等皆為心電圖訊號中雜訊的主要來源。因此，心電圖中的雜訊濾除一直是相當重要的課題。
    在本論文中，提出了使用經驗模態分解法(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)與最小平方法為基礎的演算法來消除心電圖中雜訊的成分。其中，經驗模態分解法負責訊號分解的部份，經驗模態分解法最大特色就是經由篩選程序能將訊號由高頻至低頻拆解出一序列的振盪訊號，該振盪函數稱為本質模態函數(Intrinsic Mode Functions, IMFs)；訊號重建的部份則是利用最小平方法準則挑選有用的本質模態函數重建無干擾訊號，並利用人為設計訊號來測試此方法的可行性，數值實驗結果驗證了本方法的優點。我們再將此方法應用於自MIT/BIH心律不整資料庫擷取之心律不整實例，並搭配一系列數位濾波器的組合來進行QRS綜合波的檢測，而模擬結果顯示了QRS綜合波的判斷上與MIT/BIH心律不整實例之病徵相吻合，也驗證了經驗模態分解法與最小平方法對於心電圖雜訊濾除的可行性。

    Electrocardiogram (ECG) has played an important role to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. It often corrupted by interferences introduced by the measurement device. These interferences presented in the signal can lead to the feature of waveforms and frequency bands which can not be recognized and retrieved. These are difficulties for diagnosing symptoms of cardiovascular diseases to clinicians. There are plenty kind of interferences of ECG signals including power line interference, baseline drift and Electromyography, EMG, etc. Thus, the de-noising of ECG is an extremely significant issue. In this paper, a de-noising algorithm based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and least square method is proposed to filter the interference of ECG signals. EMD is applied to decompose a signal into a set of oscillatory functions from high frequency to low frequency known as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the sifting process. The interference-free signal is reconstructed by the selected IMFs based on least mean square criterion. Several artificial signals are used as to test the feasibility of the proposed method. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. This method is also applied to some cases of Arrhythmias from the MIT/BIH Arrhythmias database. Using a set of digital filters’ combination proceed to QRS waves inspections. The simulation results show to conform QRS wave inspections to the symptoms of Arrhythmias and prove the feasibility of the proposed method for processing the ECG signals.

    誌謝 ……………………………………………………………… 1 中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… 2 英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… 3 目錄 ……………………………………………………………… 4 圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………… 6 表目錄 ……………………………………………………………… 9 第一章 緒論........................................ 10 1.1 前言................................ 10 1.2 研究動機與目的....................... 12 1.3 文獻回顧............................ 12 1.4 論文架構............................ 13 第二章 心電圖訊號簡介............................... 14 2.1 何謂心電圖.......................... 14 2.2 電極擺放位置與導程關係................ 14 2.2.1 標準誘導.................... 14 2.2.2 加壓誘導.................... 15 2.2.3 胸前誘導.................... 17 2.3 單一心臟細胞電訊號傳導過程與其電生理學特性 18 2.3.1 單一心臟細胞電訊號傳導過程.... 18 2.3.2 心臟細胞之電生理學特性........ 19 2.4 心臟內部電訊號傳導過程................ 19 2.5 標準心電圖波形....................... 20 2.6 各類心血管疾病與其心電圖訊號波形....... 21 2.7 心電訊號診斷流程..................... 23 2.8 雜訊種類與來源....................... 28 第三章 傳統濾波方法與研究理論........................ 28 3.1 傳統濾波方法......................... 28 3.1.1 數位濾波器................... 28 3.1.2 小波轉換..................... 29 3.1.3 其它方法..................... 30 3.2 經驗模態分解法....................... 30 3.2.1 經驗模態分解法簡介............ 30 3.2.2 本質模態函數定義與篩選程序..... 31 3.2.3 停止準則..................... 35 3.2.4 經驗模態分解之限制............ 35 3.3 最小平方法........................... 38 3.4 QRS檢測原理.......................... 40 第四章 研究步驟與結果................................ 42 4.1 MIT/BIH心律不整資料庫簡介............. 42 4.2 心電訊號雜訊濾除...................... 42 4.2.1 心電訊號之分解................ 42 4.2.2 本質模態函數之選擇............ 45 4.3 心電訊號之重建........................ 51 4.3.1 最小平方法與部分重建法之比較... 51 4.3.2 重建無干擾之訊號.............. 64 4.4 QRS檢測結果.......................... 67 第五章 結論與未來展望................................ 69 參考文獻 ............................................ 70

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