摘 要: 不同化學物種的鉻在生物體中的毒性、生理效應、化學性質及運
送現象皆不同。 鉻（Ⅲ）是非毒性的，且被認為是維持葡萄糖正常代
謝的因子，而水溶性的鉻（Ⅵ）具極大的腐蝕性、毒性，對人體組織有害
；塵粒狀且不溶性的鉻具有致癌性。人藉日常生活飲食攝取所需鉻的含量
，再藉由尿液、糞便及汗液排泄出。因此可藉由尿液中鉻元素的分析反映
其健康狀態。本研究採直測及共沉澱兩種分析方法分別偵測人體尿液中不
同化學物種的鉻含量。在直測方面，尿液經採樣過濾後，液體及總量部分
直接利用石墨爐式原子吸收光譜儀測定，而固體部分則先經微波消化後再
以 GFAAS 測定，均採用 5 次重複注入法( 5 次的乾燥及灰化步驟，1次
原子化步驟 )，以濃縮待測元素及降低背景干擾。在共沉澱方面，液體尿
液部分則添加 Ga(OH)3 當共澱劑將 Cr(Ⅲ) 沉澱下來，再經過濾分離後
，將共澱物微波消化，最後以GFAAS 偵測。以本方法實際應用於人體尿液
樣品的分析結果顯示，其具有好的偵測極限。全量及液體尿液中總鉻之方
法偵測極限為0.029 ng/mL，固體尿液中總鉻之方法偵測極限為 0.020
ng/mL，而 Cr(Ⅲ)之方法偵測極限為 0.18 ng/mL。另由樣品之添加回收
率及SRM2670偵測的結果顯示，本方法具低基質干擾及高準確度的特性。
利用此方法對人體尿液進行分析所得之數據顯示人體尿液中鉻約 80﹪以
上存在液體部分，且 80﹪以上是以 Cr(Ⅲ) 形式存在。

Abstract:Various chemical forms of chromium are different among
their toxicities, physiological effects, chemical properties,
and transportmechanisms in biological matrices. Chromium (Ⅲ) is
essential and related to the metabolism of glucose. However,
chromium (Ⅵ) is toxic and can be carcinogenic in
biologicalsystems. The daily intake of chromium is mostly from
food and approximately 80﹪ of chromium is excreted
predominantly throughs theurine.In the study , the total
chromium in liquid urine is directly determinated by graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with optimized
temperatureprograms. Solid urine is degstion with microwave and
determination with GFAAS. The chromium (Ⅲ) in liquid urine is
determinated with coprecipitation pre-concentration technique
with Ga(OH)3 as carrier under optimun conditions.The detection
limits of chromium inliquid urine, chromium in solid urine, and
chromium (Ⅲ) in liquid urine is 0.029 ng/mL , 0.020 ng/mL and
0.18 ng/mL, respectively. The concentration of total chromium in
liquid urine is about 1.0 ng/mL . Approximately 80 ﹪ or more is
present in chromium (Ⅲ) form. The accuracy of this method is
proved by the analysis of SRM and several types of recovery
tests.
Abstract:Various chemical forms of chromium are different among