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研究生: 孫淑琴
論文名稱: 學童依附關係、內在運作模式和同儕衝突處理策略之相關研究
指導教授: 蔡順良
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
論文出版年: 2000
畢業學年度: 88
語文別: 中文
中文關鍵詞: 國小六年級學童依附關係內在運作模式同儕衝突
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 中 文 摘 要
    本研究主要是根據依附理論,探討國小六年級學童與父母的依附關係對其同儕衝突處理策略的徑路關係。探討的重點是:(一)學童的依附關係、內在運作模式和同儕衝突處理策略的性別差異;(二)以學童的父母依附預測同儕依附的徑路;(三)以學童的父母和同儕依附預測內在運作模式的徑路;(四)以學童的父母、同儕依附和內在運作模式預測同儕衝突處理策略的徑路;(五)學童的父母依附對同儕衝突處理策略的間接影響徑路。
    本研究採用問卷調查法進行資料蒐集,並以台北市十所國民小學918名六年級學童為對象,進行研究。使用「父母與同儕依附量表」、「了解自己-他人量表」,和「你會怎麼做量表」等三種量表作為研究工具。將所得的研究資料以多變項變異數分析和多元迴歸分析統計法進行資料分析,重要發現如下:
    一、 學童的依附關係、內在運作模式和同儕衝突處理策略的性別差異
    不同性別學童的父親依附、同儕依附、自我表徵、他人表徵和同儕衝突處理策略有顯著差異。主要的差異顯現在對父親和同儕的信任、與同儕的溝通品質、自我表徵和他人表徵的信賴和利他向度,和衝突處理策略之抗爭和合作策略上,除了抗爭策略分數男生大於女生外,其餘上述變項,男生分數均略小於女生;而男女學童在母親依附則無顯著差異。
    二、以學童的父母依附預測同儕依附的徑路關係
    父母依附對同儕依附有直接影響。對父親和母親越信任、與母親溝通品質越好的學童對同儕也越信任;與母親溝通品質越好的學童和同儕溝通品質也越好;與父母越疏離的學童和同儕也越疏離。
    三、以學童的父母和同儕依附關係預測內在運作模式的徑路關係
    (一)以學童的父母和同儕依附關係預測自我表徵的徑路關係
    父母和同儕依附對自我表徵有直接影響。與父母及同儕溝通品質越好,對同儕越信任的學童自我價值越高;與父母、同儕越疏離的學童,自我信賴感越低;與父親、同儕溝通品質越好、對同儕越信任、與母親越不疏離的學童,其自我利他傾向越高。
    (二)以學童的父母、同儕依附關係預測他人表徵的徑路關係
    學童的父母和同儕依附對他人表徵有直接影響。對母親、同儕越信任、和父親、同儕溝通品質越好或與父親越疏離的學童對他人的價值有越高的評價;和母親、同儕越不疏離或與母親溝通品質越不好的學童,越能信賴他人;與父親、同儕溝通品質越好,對母親越信任,或與母親溝通品質越不好的學童,越認為他人利他程度越高。
    四、以學童的依附關係和內在運作模式預測同儕衝突處理策略的徑路關係
    依附關係和內在運作模式對同儕衝突處理策略之抗爭、忍讓、合作、和尋求教師支持等四個策略有直接影響。與父親越疏離,自我價值越高,對自我和他人信賴感越低,自我利他傾向越低的學童,面對同儕衝突越傾向使用「抗爭策略」;對母親越信任,和母親溝通品質越不好,自我信賴感越低,自我利他傾向越高,對他人的評價越高的學童,面對同儕衝突越傾向使用「忍讓策略」;對母親越信任,越能自我信賴,自我利他傾向越高的學童,面對同儕衝突越傾向使用「合作策略」;與母親溝通品質越好,自我利他傾向越高的學童,面對同儕衝突越傾向使用「尋求教師幫忙策略」。
    五、學童的父母依附對同儕衝突處理策略的間接影響徑路:
    整體而言,學童的父母依附會先透同儕依附影響內在運作模式之自我表徵,再間接影響各同儕衝突處理策略。從徑路係數來看,可發現兩條父母依附對同儕衝突處理策略的主要影響路徑:
    1.與母親的溝通品質先影響與同儕的溝通品質,再經由自我表徵的利他向度,分別影響同儕衝突處理策略的「抗爭」、「忍讓」、和「合作」等三策略。
    2.與父親、母親的疏離程度先影響與同儕的疏離程度,再經由自我表徵的信賴向度,分別影響同儕衝突處理策略的「抗爭」、「忍讓」、和「合作」等三策略。
    最後,研究者根據以上的研究結果加以討論,並提出親職、輔導上的應用與未來的研究建議。

    The Relationships among Early Adolescent’s Attachment , Internal Working Model and Peer Conflict Management Strategies
    Sun Shu-Chin
    Abstract
    The purposes of the study were to explore: (1)the gender differences of adolescent’s attachment, internal working model and peer conflict management strategies;(2) the path relationships among attachment, internal working model and peer conflict management strategies.
    This study adopted a survey method to collect data. 918 sixth grade students were sampled from 10 elementary schools in Taipei. Instruments used in the study were: “ Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment”, ”Inventory of Understanding Self and Others ”,and ”How Will You Do Inventory”. Data obtained in the study were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The main findings were as follows:
    1..Significant gender differences were found on father attachment, peer attachment, self representation, other representation, and peer conflict management strategies.
    2.Early adolescent’s peer attachment could be significantly predicted by their parent attachment.
    3. Early adolescent’s self representation could be significantly predicted by their parent and peer attachment.
    4. Early adolescent’s other representation could be significantly predicted by their parent and peer attachment.
    5. Early adolescent’s peer conflict management strategies could be signifi-cantly predicted by their attachment and internal working model.
    6.There is an indirect effect of early adolescent’s parent attachment on their peer conflict management strategies via the mediate effects of internal working model.
    Based on the results, implications of this study for parenting and guidance were discussed, and suggestions for future research were proposed.

    目 錄 誌謝 中文摘要 英文摘要 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………1 第二節 研究問題與假設…………………………………………………7 第三節 名詞釋義……………………………………………………….12 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 依附關係和內在運作模式的理論基礎..……………………14 第二節 同儕衝突處理策略的理論基礎……………………………….35 第三節 依附關係、內在運作模式、和同儕衝突處理策略的相關文獻和 研究…………………………………………………………..........41 第三章 研究方法 第一節 研究架構………………………………………………………..54 第二節 研究對象………………………………………………………..56 第三節 研究工具………………………………………………………..57 第四節 實施程序………………………………………………………..74 第五節 資料處理………………………………………………………..77 第三章 研究結果 第一節 性別在依附關係、內在運作模式、和同儕衝突處理策略之差異情形………………………………………………………...............78 第二節 依附關係、內在運作模式、和同儕衝突處理策略之徑路關係 ………………………………………………………………….........84 第五章 討論 第一節 不同性別學童在依附關係、內在運作模式、和同儕衝突處理策略之差異情形探討………………………………………..............105 第二節 依附關係、內在運作模式、和同儕衝突處理策略之徑路分析 …………………………………………………………………........113 第六章 結論與建議 第一節 結論…………………………………………………………….138 第二節 建議…………………………………………………………….141 參考文獻 一、 中文部份………………………………………………………….148 二、 西文部份………………………………………………………….149 附錄一 「父母與同儕依附量表」修訂者同意修訂函…………………163 附錄二 「你怎麼辦量表」原編者同意修訂函…………………………164 附錄三 父母與同儕依附量表 -「同儕依附分量表」的項目分析結果165 附錄四 父母與同儕依附量表 -「同儕依附分量表」斜交轉軸因素分 析結果………………………………………………………….166 附錄五 了解自己-他人量表 -「了解自己分量表」的項目分析結果.167 附錄六 了解自己-他人量表 -「了解自己分量表」斜交轉軸因素分析 結果………………………………………………………………168 附錄七 了解自己-他人量表 -「了解他人分量表」的項目分析結果.169 附錄八 了解自己-他人量表 -「了解他人分量表」斜交轉軸因素分析 結果………………………………………………………………170 附錄九 「你會怎麼做量表」項目分析結果……………………………171 附錄十 「你會怎麼做量表」斜交轉軸因素分析結果…………………173 附錄十一 本研究所使用之研究工具……………………………………174 圖 表 目 錄 圖 2-1 依附行為系統…………………………………………………….20 圖 2-2 Bartholomew的四細格分類內在運作模式……………………..23 圖 2-3 依附表徵的網路模式…………………………………………….26 圖 2-4 Thomas & Kilmann的衝突處理策略模式……………………….38 圖 2-5 內在運作模式和行為的關係…………………………………….45 圖 3-1 研究架構………………………………………………………….54 圖 4-1 以父母依附預測同儕依附之徑路關係圖……………………….85 圖 4-2 以依附關係預測自我表徵之徑路關係圖……………………….88 圖 4-3 以依附關係預測他人表徵之徑路關係圖……………………….92 圖 4-4 以依附關係和內在運作模式預測同儕依附衝突處理策略之徑路 關係圖…………………………………………………………….........96 圖 4-5 整體關係徑路圖………………………………………………….98 表 2-1 近年來國內外依附相關測量工具整理………………………….27 表 2-2 兒童衝突處理策略類別………………………………………….40 表 3-1 有效樣本人數分配……………………………………………….56 表 3-2 原「父親依附」「母親依附」分量表與修訂後的「同儕依附」 分量表的內部一致性信度和重測信度……………………….59 表 3-3 「同儕依附分量表」各因素間的相關…… ……………………62 表 3-4 「了解自己-他人量表」的內部一致性信度和重測信度………66 表 3-5 「了解自己-他人量表」各因素間的相關………………………67 表 3-6 「你會怎麼做量表」的內部一致性信度和重測信度………….72 表 3-7 「你會怎麼做量表」各因素間的相關………………………….73 表 3-8 各校施測順序…………………………………………………….75 表 4-1 不同性別在依附關係、內在運作模式、和同儕衝突處理策略 的平均數和標準差………………………………………………..79 表 4-2 學童在各變項得分的相關係數………………………………….80 表 4-3 依附關係、內在運作模式、和同儕衝突處理策略之差異分析 結果………………………………………………………………...81 表 4-4 父親依附和母親依附對同儕依附之多元迴歸分析結果………..84 表 4-5 依附關係對自我表徵之多元迴歸分析結果……………………..87 表 4-6 依附關係對他人表徵之多元迴歸分析結果……………………..91 表 4-7 依附關係、內在運作模式對同儕衝突處理策略之多元迴歸分 析結果……………………………………………………………..........95 表 4-8 各變項間的標準化迴歸係數(徑路係數)摘要表………………..99

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