本研究旨在探討（一）犯罪少年和心理治療師在治療過程中的互動關係建立與進展的內涵為何？（二）受保護管束犯罪少年在心理治療過程中所展現的生活世界與人際互動經驗為何？本研究操作是在保護管束社區處遇的運作之下，針對個別的自願來談犯罪少年實施為期半年，每週兩次的「密集諮商方案」。研究參與者佳美（假名）接受研究者身兼心理分析取向心理治療師所提供的心理治療總共四十八次，其中佳美出席二十五次，請假三次，缺席二十次，實際晤談次數二十五次。研究者從中挑選八次晤談逐字稿內容作為文本依據，透過現象學還原的方法進行心理治療過程分析與內容分析，前者所得結果為治療師與佳美之間的互動關係，後者所得結果為佳美生活世界與人際互動經驗的呈現。
治療師與佳美之間的互動關係與結構的轉折可分成五個部分：首先，治療師著手於治療關係的建立；其次，治療師詮釋佳美與重要他人之間的互動關係以及佳美內在的情感狀態；第三，治療師接續詮釋治療室發生的此時此刻互動關係與佳美人際模式的應對關係；第四，呈現佳美對治療關係的延伸與內化；最後，顯現佳美在治療關係中的主體性，佳美開始把治療室的世界視為與生活世界有所交融的真實世界之一。關於佳美生活世界與人際互動經驗的呈現部分：首先，顯現出佳美的真實家庭關係錯綜複雜而且結構鬆散，其真實家庭生活處境孤單且空洞，因而離脫至「擬似」家庭之中；其次，描述佳美如何遊走在真實家庭與擬似家庭關係之間，以及擬似家庭之中有家人關係與男女關係這兩條軸線的運作內涵；接續描述佳美所經驗到的父愛失落，以及她如何返回真實家庭生活世界之中；最後，探討佳美的違犯經驗以及她處於擺盪在社會規範邊緣的生活世界。
研究最後針對本研究的臨床工作成果進行延伸討論，目的在於探討犯罪少年的諸多臨床議題以及犯罪少年心理治療臨床內涵。其次是探討本研究的司法心理治療經驗，包括：保護管束運作之下的心理治療關係內涵，治療師維持治療架構的重要性與困難，以及治療師在面對司法病人時，所需要處理的「反移情的恨」。最後，根據上述研究結果與延伸討論的內涵，針對犯罪少年心理治療的臨床與相關助人工作，以及未來研究提出具體的建議方向。

Abstract
The purposes of the study were to analyze the psychoanalytic psychotherapy process, the living world and the interpersonal relationship of the probated juvenile delinquent. One probated juvenile delinquent was participated in the study. The individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy included scheduled forty-eight sessions which was provided by the researcher for half an year. Twenty-five sessions were recorded and transcribed, however, the other sessions were missed because of the client’s no show. The method of Phenomenological reduction was applied to analyze eight transcripts which were selected from the beginning, middle and final stage of the psychotherapy. The results of the analysis were as follows:
The psychotherapy process included five stages: the establishment of the relationship, the interpretation of the client’s relationship with her significant others and her mood state, the interpretation of the here-and-now relationship and her interpersonal patterns, the internalization and implication of the psychotherapy relationship, and the client’s subjectivity in the psychotherapy relationship. The client’s living world and interpersonal experiences were analyzed from the content of the psychotherapy. There were a series of actions and changes. First, the client family interaction was complicated and the family structure was loosened. She felt lonely and empty, therefore, she escaped to her transitional families. The client was wandering around between the real and transitional families. She owned the family relationship and the love relationship in the transitional family. She experienced the lost of father’s love, and returned to her origin family. The findings also included the client’s offense experiences and how she was swinging in the margin of social norm.
The study also discussed more about the psychotherapy experience for the probated juvenile delinquent. The major issues included: the psychotherapy relationship under the probation system, the importance and the difficulties for maintaining the therapeutic structure, moreover, the process of the negative counter trance. According to the results of the study, suggestions for psychotherapy, relevant helping workers of juvenile delinquents, and future research were provided.

中文部分
王淑芬（1991）。保護管束少年之生活壓力，社會支持與生活適應之相關研究。東海大學社會學研究所碩士論文，未出版。
宋根瑜（1982）。台灣北部地區犯罪少年與一般少年家庭及學校環境之比較研究。 中央警官學校警政研究所碩士論文，未出版。
李維倫（2004）。以置身所在作為心理學研究的目標現象及其相關之方法論。應
用心理學研究，22，157-200。
余德慧（2001）。詮釋現象心理學。台北：心靈工坊。
法務部犯罪研究中心（1997）。少年兒童犯罪概況及其分析。台北：法務部。
林玉華（2002）。當代精神分析理論專題研究上課講義。
沈清松（2000）。呂格爾。台北：東大。
林家興、洪雅琴（2001）。學校人員對輔導工作及專業輔導人員試辦方案之評估研究。教育心理學報，32（2），103-120。
林家興、洪雅琴（2002）。專業輔導人員參與學校輔導工作的概況與成效。教育心理學報，34（1），83-102。
林羿坊（2001）。少年受保護管束經驗之探討。國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文，未出版。
林瑞欽（2002）。青少年暴力犯罪之成因：心理因素。載於青少年暴力行為原因：原因、類型與對策。台北：五南。
吳芝儀（1999）。暴力犯罪少年學校經驗回顧。發表於「當前青少年犯罪問題與對策」研討會。嘉義：中正大學。
吳芝儀（2000）。中輟學生的危機與轉機。嘉義市：濤石文化。
吳芝儀（2002）。青少年暴力犯罪的成因：學校經驗。載於青少年暴力行為原因：原因、類型與對策。台北：五南。
吳嫦娥（1998）。台北市中輟學生服務工作概況。載於中途輟學問題與對策。中華兒童福利基金會印行。
吳基華（1999）。我國少年觀護制度之研究。司法研究年報，19（15）。台北：司法院。
洪雅琴（1997）。女同性戀者性取向認同發展歷程個案研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版。
洪漢鼎（2002）。詮釋學史。台北：桂冠。
許文耀（1998）。中輟學生輟學因素的探討。載於中途輟學問題與對策。中華兒童福利基金會印行。
商嘉昌（1995）。中途輟學青少年犯罪：以新竹少年監獄為例。國立政治大學社會學研究所碩士論文，未出版。
程又強（1995）。保護管束青少年問題及其輔導實務。青少年問題與輔導論文集。台北：行政院青年輔導委員會。
陳秉華、許維素、洪莉竹、賴念華、洪雅琴（1999）。實習輔導教師的教育實習課程規劃與效果評估。教育部人文社會科學教育改進計畫。
陳淑真（1998）。觀護制度一元化之研究。桃園：中央警察大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文，未出版。
陳孟瑩（2000）。少年保護與法律。觀護選萃。台北：台北地方法院少年法庭。
楊瑞珠（1998）。從高危險行為之初期癥後看中輟學生的辨識與輔導。載於中途輟學問題與對策。中華兒童福利基金會印行。
張大光（1976）。我國觀護制度理論及實務之研究。國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文，未出版。
張甘妹（1986）。我國觀護制度上之諸問題。刑事法雜誌，30（5），1-17。
張華葆（1988）。台灣青少年犯罪分析。台中：台灣省政府。
黃木添、王明仁（1998）。中途輟學學生服務與輔導—中華兒童福利基金會服務概況。載於中途輟學問題與對策。中華兒童福利基金會印行。
黃光國（2001）。社會科學的理路。台北：心理出版社。
黃富源（2002）。當前我國青少年犯罪原因對策。國家政策論壇，2（4），81-88。
詹志禹（1996）。我國青少年犯罪研究之整合分析。行政院青輔會。
蔡榮裕（2002）。精神分析工作坊。台北：政治大學師生諮商中心主辦。
蔡政霖（2002）。父母管教態度與少年犯罪相關性之研究。國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文，未出版。
蔡德輝、楊士隆編著（2002）。青少年暴力行為原因：原因、類型與對策。台北：五南。
趙雍生（1997）。社會變遷下的少年偏差與犯罪。台北：桂冠。
鄭瑞隆（2001）。家庭暴力被害經驗預測少年偏差行為之研究。二十一世紀亞太地區刑事司法與犯罪問題對策研討會。嘉義：國立中正大學，2001年十月二十七、二十八日。
鄭瑞隆（2002）。青少年暴力犯罪之成因：家庭因素。載於青少年暴力行為原因：原因、類型與對策。台北：五南。
劉作揖（1998）。少年觀護工作。台北：五南。
劉佳昌 (2004)。 精神分析的科學地位與研究方法：爭議與省思。（出版中）
賴保禎（1988）。青少年犯罪預防與矯治。台灣省政府。
穆仁和、蕭玉玲（1998）。從新「少年事件處理法」之保護處分探討中輟犯罪少年之司法保護服務。載於中途輟學問題與對策。中華兒童福利基金會印行。

英文部分
Adshead, G. (1997). The Challenge of the victim. Marle (Eds.) Challenges in Forensic Psychotherapy. London : Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.
Alvesson, Mats & Skoldberg, Kaj (2000). Reflective Methodology : New Vistas for Qualitative Research. London : Sage.
APA(2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4thedition. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC : Book Promotion & Service LTD.
Atwater, E. (1992). Adolescence. Englewood Cliffs. NJ : Prentice Hall.
Bateman, A., Holmes, J. (1995). Introduction to Psychoanalysis Contemporary theory and practice. London : Routledge. 見林玉華、樊雪梅譯（1999）。當代精神分析導論理論與實務。台北：五南。
Barriga, A. O., Harrold, J. R., Stinson, Ⅱ, B. L., Liau, A. K., & Gibbs, J. C. (1996). Cognitive distortion and problem behaviors in adolescence. Manuscript submitted for publication. The Ohio University. Columbus, OH.
Bion, W. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 40, 308-315.
Bion, W. (1961). A theory of thinking. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 43, 306-310.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure base. London : Penguin.
Caldicott. F. (1997). Foreword. In E. V. Welldon and C. V. Velsen (Eds.) A Practical Guide to Forensic Psychotherapy. London : Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.
Copley, B. (1993). The World of Adolescence : Literature, Social and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. London : Free Association Books.
Chused, J. (1990). Neutrality in theAnalysis of Action-prone Adolescents. In : J. Amer. Psychoanal. Ass., 38 : 679-704.
Dezin, N. K. (1989). Interpretive Interactionism. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage. 張君玫（譯）。解釋性互動論。台北：弘智。
Dykeman, C., Daehlin, W., Doyle, S. & Flamer, H. S. (1996). Psychological predictors of 　　school-based violence : Implications for school counselors. The School Conselor, 44, 35-47.
Flannery, R. B. (1999). Preventing youth violence : a guide for parents, teachers, and counselors. New York : Continuum.
Fonagy, P. (2002). An Open Door Review of Outcome Studies in Psychoanalysis (2nd). London : International Psychoanalytical Association.
Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams., S. E. 4.London : Hogarth.
Freud, S. (1914). Remembering, repeating, and working through., S. E. 4.London : Hogarth.
Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia., S. E. 14. London : Hogarth.
Freud, S. (1920). Beyond the Pleasure Principle., S. E. 14. London : Hogarth.
Freud, S. (1923). The ego and id. , S. E. 19.London : Hogarth.
Friedman, L. (1978). Piaget and psychotherapy. Journal American Academic Psychoanalysis, 6, 175-192.
Gadamer, H.–G. (1989). Truth and Method. (2nd revised edn). London : Sheed & Ward. First published in 1960.
Gedo, J. (1999). The Evolution of Psychoanalysis : Contemporary Theory and Practice. New York : Other Press.
Gibbs, J. C. (1991). Socialmoral Developmental Delay and Cognitive Distortion: Implication for the treatment of antisocial youth. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.) Handbook of moral behavior and development : Vol. 3. Application : 5-110. Hillsdate, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gibbs, J. C., Potter. G. B. & Goldstein, A. P. (1995). The EQUIP Program : Teaching youth to think and act responsibly through a peer-helping approach. Champaign. IL : Research Press.
Goldstein, A. P., Sprafkin, R. P., Gershaw, N. J. & Klein, P. (1980). Skill Streaming the Adolescent. A Structured Learning Approach to Teaching Prosocial Skills. Champaign, IL : Research Press.
Green, A. (2000). What kind of research for psychoanalysis? In : Clinical and Observational Psychoanalytic Research : Roots of a Controversy,(Ed.) J. Sandler,A. M. Sandler and R. Davies. London : Karnac, pp 21-26.
Green ,C. M. & Manohor, S. V. (1990). Neonaticide and hysterical denial of pregnancy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 121-123.
Gross & Capuzzi (1989). Defining Youth at Risk. In : Youth at Risk : A rescourse for counselor, teacher and parents. American Association for Counseling and Development.
Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and Human Interests. London : Heinemann.
Heidegger, M. (1959/1971). On the Way to Language. Translated by Peter Hertz. New York : Harper and Row.
Heimann, P. (1950). On Counter-transference. Innternational Journal of Psychoanalysis, 31,81-84.
Henry, G. (1974). Doubly deprived. Journal of Child Psychotherapy. 3(4), 15-28.
Herrmmann, F. (2001). The training analysis at time when theoty is in short supply. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 82, 57-69.
Home, J. (1966). The Concept of Mind. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 47, 42-49.
Husserl, E. (1936/1992). Die Krisis der Europaschen Wissenschaften und Transzendentale Phanomenologie. Eine Einleitung in die phanomenologische philosophie. Harausgegeben von Walter Biemel (Husserliana, Band VI). The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff. 見張慶熊譯（1992）。歐洲科學危機和超越現象學。台北：桂冠。
Jane, K. (1999). Women Who Murder their Children. In E. V. Welldon and C. V. Velsen (Eds) A Practical Guide to Forensic Psychotherapy. London : Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.
Kahr, B. (2001). Forensic Psychotherapy and Psychopathology : Winnicottian Perspectives. London : Karnac Books.
Klein, M. (1932). The Psycho-Analysis of Children,Trans. Alix Strachey. London : Hogarth and The Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Klein, M. (1934). On Criminality. In : Love, Guilt and Reparation and Other Works 1921-1945. London : Virago Press.
Klein, M. (1946). Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 27: 99-110.
Leiter, K. (1980). A Primer on ethnomethodology. New York : Oxford University Press.
Modell, A. (1978). The Nature of Psychoanalytic Knowledge. Journal American Psychoanalysis Association. 26, 641-658.
Modell, A. (1984). Psychoanalysis In A New Context. NY : International University.
Moellenhoff, F. (1966). Hanns Sachs, 1881-1947 : the creative unconscious. In : F. Alexander, S. Eisenstein, & M. Grotjahn (Eds.), Psycho-analytic Pioneer. New York : Basic Book.
Parker, R. (1994). Maternal Ambivance. Winnicott Studies, Vol. 8. (pp31-45) London : Karnac Books..
Palmer, R. E. (1969/1992). Hermenetics : Interpretation Theory in Schleiermacher,
Dilthey, Heidegger, and Gadamer. Evanston : Northwestern University Press.
嚴平（譯）。詮釋學。台北：桂冠。
Perron, R. (2002). Reflections on psychoanalytic research problems--a French speaking view. In An Open Door Review of Outcome Studies in psychoanalysis, 2nd revised ed. (Ed.) P. Fonagy. International Psychoanalytic Association, pp3-9.
Popper, K. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Loondon : Routledge, 1992.
Raphael-Leff, J. (2001). Primary Maternal Persecution. Kahr, B. (Eds.) Forensic Psychotherapy and Psychopathology : Winnicottian Perspectives. London : Karnac Books.
Rapaport, E.(1956). The management of an eritsed transference. Psychoanalysis Quarter, 25, 515-529.
Ricoeur, P.(1969/1995). Le conflict des interpretations. Paris : Seuil. 林宏濤（譯）。詮釋 的衝突。台北：桂冠。
Ricoeur, P. (1981). Hermeneutics and the Human Science. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Ricoeur, P. (1991). The hermeneutical function of distanciation. (K. Blamey, Trans.) In From text to action (pp. 75-88). Evanston, IL : Northwestern University Press.
Roger, K. H. (1989). The Grieving and Delinquency : Testing the therapeutic process of grieving with delinquent male adolescents. Eric Document Reproduction Service NHT(D) 9003527.
Rosenfeld, H. (1987). Impasse and Interpretation : Therapeutic and anti-therapeutic factors in the psychoanalytic treatment of psychotic, borederline, and neurotic patients. London : Tavistock Publications.
Rycroft, C. (1985). Psychoanalysis and Beyond. London : Chatto.
Sampson, Robert & John Laub. (1993). Crime in the Making. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
Segal, H. (1981). The Work of Hannah Segal. London : Free Assocition Books.
Sokolowski, R. (2000). Introduction to Phenomenology. Cambridge University Press. 見李維倫譯（2004）。現象學十四講。台北：心靈工坊。
Spence, D. (1982). Narrative Truth and Historical Truth : Meaning and Interpretation in Psychoanalysis, New York : Norton.
Strenger, C. (1991). Between Hermeneutics and Science. Madison : International Univertsity Press.
Volkan, V. (2001). Forword. In : Forensic Psychotherapy and Psychopathology : Winnicottian Perspectives. London : Karnac.
Vriend J. , & Dyer W. W. (1973). Counseling The Reluctant Client. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 20 (3), 240-246.
Welldon, E. V. (1997). Forensic Psychotherapy : The Practical Approach. In E. V. Welldon and C. V. Velsen (Eds.) A Practical Guide to Forensic Psychotherapy. London : Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.
West, D.J. (1973). Who becomes delinquents? London : Heinemann.
Westiwick, A.(1940). Criminology and Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 9: 269-282.
Winnicott, D. W. (1939). Aggression and its roots. In : C. Winnicott, R. Shepherd, M. Davis (Eds.) : Deprivation and Delinquency. London : Routledge Publications, 1984.
Winnicott, D. W. (1946). Some psychological aspects of juvenile delinquency. In:C. Winnicott, R. Shepherd, M.Davis (Eds.): Deprivation and Delinquency. London : Routledge Publications, 1984.
Winnicott, D. W. (1949). Hate in the Counter-transference. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 30, 69-74.
Winnicott, D. W. (1950). Letter to P. D. Scott, 11th May. In : The Spontaneous Gesture: Selected Letters of D. W. Winnicott, ed. F.R. Rodman. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1987.
Winnicott, D. W. (1951). Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena. In : D. W. Winnicott,. Collected Papers : Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis. London : Tavistock Publications.
Winnicott, D. W. (1952). Letter to Malanie Klein, 17th May. In : The Spontaneous Gesture: Selected Letters of D. W. Winnicott, ed. F.R. Rodman. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1987.
Winnicott, D. W. (1956). The Antisocial Tendency. In : D. W. Winnicott,. Collected Papers : Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis. London : Tavistock Publications.
Winnicott, D. W. (1958). Psycho-analysis and the sense of guilt. In : J. D. Sutherland (Ed.), Psycho-analysis and Contemporary Thought. London : Tavistock Publications.
Winnicott, D. W. (1963). The development of the capacity of concern. In : C. Winnicott, R. Shepherd, M. Davis (Eds): Deprivation and Delinquency. London : Routledge Publications, 1984.
Winnicott, D. W. (1966). The absence of a sense of guity. In : C. Winnicott, R. Shepherd, M.Davis (Eds) : Deprivation and Delinquency. London : Routledge Publications, 1984.
Young, D. W. (1999). Wayward Kids : Understanding and Treating Antisocial Youth. New Jersey: Aronson.