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研究生: 羅世筌
Lo, Shih-Chuan
論文名稱: 阿姆斯特丹同志空間塑造與另類創意觀光
Place Making of Gayborhood in Amsterdam and Alternative Creative Tourism
指導教授: 賴嘉玲
Lai, Chia-Ling
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 歐洲文化與觀光研究所
Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 235
中文關鍵詞: 同志文化同志空間場所塑造另類創意觀光創意城市創意階級
英文關鍵詞: Gay Culture, Gay Space, Place Making, Alternative Creative Tourism, Creative City, Creative Class
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202001460
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 阿姆斯特丹同志文化自當地同志鄰里並於1930年代創生,並經由當地同志社群、文化創意、城市及國家再現後成為現今阿姆斯特丹同志文化地景。這些地景包括當地地下酒吧以及情慾流動空間、早期同志社會抗爭遊行到現今各式城市同志文化創意活動以及國際性城市大型節慶。其中現今與社會大眾參與性重疊部分較多的再現為國際城市大型節慶。國際性城市大型節慶也因為社會大眾以及國際觀光客的參與,成為城市另類創意觀光。
    本研究試圖從文化研究、都市文化創意規劃及發展理論的角度探究一地區的文化主體空間如何發展並形塑旅遊目的地之原因、歷程及運作機制。本研究架構為依序以下三點:(一) 以歷史研究爬梳阿姆斯特丹同志鄰里的創生與發展,以作為後續探討再現政治之背景知識。(二) 以再現政治概念為主、都市文化創意規劃理論為輔,探究阿姆斯特丹文化主體如何經由當地文化創意以及城市形塑為現今城市同志文化創意活動。(三) 以再現政治的概念以及Pierre Bourdieu的文化資本與社會資本之概念,並以都市文化創意觀光理論為輔,探討阿姆斯特丹同志文化創意活動,如何形塑成為現今阿姆斯特丹國際性的城市文化節慶,成為知名觀光地景。
    本研究方法採用多重研究方法,包括文獻分析法、質性訪問法、田野觀察法。為了蒐集相關第一手資料,筆者於2017年8月親自前往阿姆斯特丹造訪當地同志鄰里,以質性訪問法訪談鄰里內同志店家及同志組織,為期一個月。另外,期間筆者也親自參與當地知名城市同志文化活動之一:運河嘉年華,並以田野觀察及攝影蒐集相關資料。
    綜合以上論述,本研究試圖藉由呈現阿姆斯特丹同志文化以及經由各方相關再現後的落差,以點出現今城市同志節慶中同志文化模糊之相關議題。

    Amsterdam LGBTQI+ culture could date back to 1930s, and developed into a neighborhood. In several years, through the representaion of Amsterdam LGBTQI+ community, cultural creativity, city and state power, it has become so-called “Amsterdam gay cultural scene”. The early scene included underground gay bars, tearoom, early social gay protests and nowadays many kinds of queer city cultural creativity and international city festivals. From those scenes mentioned above, we can see the most public one –international city festivals. Because of the public and international tourist participation, international city festivals become part of amsterdam city creative tourism, but the alternative one.
    The purpose of this study was to investigate how a cultural space developed into a city touist space, from the perspective of culture study and cultural creative tourism theory. The investigation are as follows. First, the study attempted to apply history study to examine the creation and development of Amsterdam gayborhood as well as first version of gay culture from 1930s to nowadays, as the background knowledge to investigate the politics of representation between Amsterdam LGBTQI+ culture and city . Second, the study also applied idea of politics of representation and city creative tourism theory, to examine how Amsterdam LGBTQI+ collaborates with city, and produces its own cultural creativity. Finally, the study applied the idea of politics of representation and Bourdieu’s idea of “cultural capital” and “social capital” and also applied city creative tourism theory, to investigate how Amsterdam LGBTQI+ culture was applied in international Amsterdam LGBTQI+ city festivals, and has become part of Amsterdam city tourism.
    The research method of this study applied mutiple qualitative methods, including document analysis, interview method, and field observation. In order to collect relevent first-hand data, in 2017 August, I visited Amsterdam gayborhood and interviewed with the staffs of gay shops, gay bars, and LGBTQI+ organizations. Furthermore, I also participated to watch and observe Amsterdam Canal Pride with field observation method.
    In summary, the study attempts to investigate the gap between authentic Amsterdam LGBTQI+ and its representation, to place its subjectivity in Amsterdam international city LGBTQI+ events nowadays.

    謝誌 i 摘要 iii Abstract iv 目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 xii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與背景 1 第二節 研究目的與問題意識 3 第二章 文獻回顧 6 第一節 國內外相關同志鄰里研究 7 第二節 同志鄰里定義、源起與發展 11 第三節 同志鄰里的城市創意觀光化 27 第三章 研究設計 36 第一節 研究對象與範圍 36 第二節 研究方法 41 第四章 阿姆斯特丹同志鄰里的文化與歷史地景建構 48 第一節 阿姆斯特丹同志鄰里形成與其本質 50 第二節 阿姆斯特丹同志社群空間對於在地同志之意義 84 第三節 阿姆斯特丹同志鄰里之同志社群內部國際觀光化 99 第五章 阿姆斯特丹同志鄰里的官方化及城市創意觀光化 105 第一節 阿姆斯特丹同志文化的官方再現 105 第二節 阿姆斯特丹同志文化型態的創意氛圍與城市官方再現 112 第三節 阿姆斯特丹同志文化作為城市另類創意觀光 124 第六章 阿姆斯特丹同志文化創意觀光化探討—以阿姆斯特丹彩虹驕傲週為例 143 第一節 阿姆斯特丹彩虹驕傲週論述形構—以相關活動參與之當地同志社群為例 151 第二節 阿姆斯特丹彩虹驕傲週與城市之再現政治 166 第三節 阿姆斯特丹彩虹驕傲週作為城市另類創意觀光 193 第七章 結論與前瞻 205 第一節 研究成果 207 第二節 研究限制與建議 211 參考文獻 213 附錄一 2017年阿姆斯特丹同志驕傲運河嘉年華田野筆記 222 附錄二 阿姆斯特丹文化歷史地景文獻資料與相關觀光文獻資料 227 附錄三 阿姆斯特丹市中心及郊區相關同志文化活動及同志社群參與活動季節表(共17場活動) 230

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