動態活動與下階梯動作條件下老年人下肢肌肉勁度調節與肌電圖現象之研究
摘 要
本研究主要目的是要發展一種簡易老年人動態肌力、肌肉勁度評估方法，並透過肌電圖了解肌肉勁度的改變對下階梯動作神經肌肉調節能力的影響。受試者包括10名健康成年男性（平均年齡24.3±2.37）和健康且有運動習慣的老年人（平均年齡68.6±5.52）。以Peak Performance高速攝影機（120Hz）、KISTLER測力板（1200Hz）和Bio-vision肌電圖儀器（1200Hz）等，針對CMJ動態動作和不同高度下階梯的具體動作，進行各參數資料的蒐集。經分析後得到以下幾點結論：
一、在最大用力垂直跳之動態動作中，老年人肌肉所能調控產生的力量、動態性下肢勁度的能力，皆明顯較年輕人差。而透過此種簡易的動態性動作，可以檢測老年人下肢肌肉勁度的調控能力。
二、在下階梯的具體動作中，老年人會採用不同於年輕人的動作策略，藉此彌補身體功能隨著老化過程所造成的下降。其具體的現象有（1）著地前的肌肉活化較年輕人大；（2）著地時有較多的肌肉活動； (3) 著地時下肢關節彎曲限度較小；(4)較大的腿勁度。
三、老年人在垂直跳動作測驗之整體表現皆明顯比年輕人差，此意謂身體能力的下降，如此的現象則可能會與下階梯過程中展現出不同的動作策略有關，藉此彌補在生理機能上的不足，如肌力、反應能力、神經系統控制等，以避免跌倒的發生。
關鍵詞：肌肉勁度、動態動作、下階梯動作、肌電圖

The Study Of Leg Stiffness And EMG In The Elderly During Dynamic And Downward Stepping Movement
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop a method that can estimate the dynamic strength and muscular stiffness of the elderly. Beside, we analyzed EMG data to observe the influence of change in muscular stiffness of the elderly on the adjustment of neuro-muscle system control in downward stepping. The subjects of this study included 10 healthy young adults（mean age = 24.3 ±2.37 yrs） and 10 healthy elderly （mean age =68.6 ±5.52 yrs）that do exercise regularly. we used one Peak performance camera（120Hz）, one KISTLER force plate（1200Hz）, and Bio-vision EMG system （1200Hz） to collect data when the subjects performed dynamic movement-CMJ and downward stepping movement. According to the results analyzed, we concluded that：
（1） The strength and muscular stiffness of the elderly were significant than young adults when performed CMJ movement. And depend on the results, we suggested that the dynamic movement-CMJ was a simple way to estimate the changes in strength and muscular stiffness of lower extremity with aging.
（2） There were several different strategies between the two age groups in the downward stepping movement.（i）the pre-landing muscle activity of the elderly was more active than young adults,（ii）the muscle activity of the elderly in the support phase was also more active than young adults,（iii）the joint flexion limitation of lower extremity of the elderly was smaller than young adults,（iv）the leg stiffness of the elderly was bigger than young adults.
（3） The performance of CMJ for the elderly were less than young adults .It was suggested that physical abilities would decrease with aging, such as strength, reaction, and the ability of neuron system control . And due to this phenomenon, the elderly might perform different strategies to avoid fall.
Key words：muscular stiffness, dynamic movement, downward stepping movement, EMG

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