簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 鍾瑞惠
Chung, Jui-Hei
論文名稱: 清潔人員執行環境清潔行為影響因素
Related factors of Cleaning Staff’s Environmental Cleaning Behaviors
指導教授: 胡益進
Hu, Yih-Jin
吳文琪
Wu, Wen-Chi
口試委員: 苗迺芳
Miao, Nae-Fang
吳文琪
Wu, Wen-Chi
胡益進
Hu, Yih-Jin
口試日期: 2023/06/26
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 健康促進與衛生教育學系健康促進與衛生教育碩士在職專班
Department of Health Promotion and Health Education_Continuing Education Master's Program of Health Promotion and Health Education
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 74
中文關鍵詞: 環境清潔行為感染管制新冠肺炎職業疲勞程度
英文關鍵詞: Environmental Cleaning Behaviors, infection control, COVID-19, job burnout
研究方法: 調查研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301141
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:148下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 研究目的:本研究主要是探討影響清潔人員執行環境清潔行為與其本身的知識、態度、職業疲勞程度的關係。
    研究方法:採取橫斷式研究,參考國內外文獻,根據研究目的及研究架構彙整出自填式問卷,其中包括清潔知識、清潔態度及清潔行為等問項。問卷初稿邀請專家學者進行內容效度評估後,進行預試,並根據預試結果進行信度分析,根據信度分析結果刪除不適合的題目,且修正語句及修改版面後,編製成正式問卷作為研究工具。本研究之職業疲勞程度問卷乃使用臺灣大學鄭雅文老師等人參考丹麥學者研發之「哥本哈根疲勞量表Copenhagen Burnout Inventory CBI)中文量表」。研究對象為臺北市某醫學中心及地區醫院委外清潔公司派遣至醫院專責之清潔人員,共取得108份有效問卷。
    研究結果:研究對象整體清潔知識答對率達93.8%,清潔態度趨近於正向態度,執行清潔行為的頻率偏高。就雙變項分析結果而言,清潔知識與清潔行為具顯著正相關(r= 0.35 ,P < 0.001),即對清潔知識了解越多執行清潔行為的意願越高。清潔態度與清潔行為具顯著正相關(r= 0.39,P< 0.001),即清潔態度越正向其清潔行為表現越好。有他院服務經歷者在職業疲勞程度之個人疲勞(t= 2.26,P< 0.001)及工作疲勞(t=2.76 ,P <0.05)的程度大於沒有任職過其他醫院經歷者。不了解醫院與清潔相關之感染管制作業規範者的個人疲勞(t= 6.85,P< 0.05)大於了解醫院與清潔相關之感染管制作業規範者。
    建議:未來在修定相關作業規範與流程能更明確且精簡,應規劃完整培訓計畫,提供實務操作訓練與考核認證,以養成清潔人員的正確知識。運用現場作業稽核的方式,協助清潔人員養成正確操作步驟。

    Objectives: The study aims to investigate the associations between cleaning staff's performance of environmental cleaning behaviors and their knowledge, attitude, and job burnout.

    Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design and drew on existing literature to develop a self-administered questionnaire that aligned with the research objectives and structure. The initial version of the questionnaire encompassed sections on cleaning knowledge, cleaning attitude, and cleaning behavior. To ensure the questionnaire's content validity, experts and scholars were invited to conduct evaluations. A pilot survey was conducted to assess its reliability. After eliminating inappropriate items based on the reliability analysis results, some sentences were further refined. The layout was also adjusted to create a formal questionnaire as the research tool. To assess job burnout among cleaning staff, the study employed the "Chinese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI)." The participants were cleaning staff dispatched by a cleaning company to work at a medical center and a regional hospital in Taipei City. A total of 108 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis.

    Results: The study found that the overall correct rate of cleaning knowledge was 93.8%, indicating a high level of knowledge among the cleaning staff. The cleaning attitude tended to be positive, suggesting a favorable attitude towards their cleaning responsibilities. Additionally, the frequency of cleaning behavior tended to be consistently high, indicating a strong commitment to performing cleaning tasks regularly. Bivariate analysis revealed significant positive correlations between cleaning knowledge and cleaning behavior (r=0.35, P<0.001), indicating that individuals with more knowledge were more inclined to implement proper cleaning practices. Similarly, a positive association was observed between cleaning attitude and cleaning behavior (r=0.39, P<0.001), suggesting that a more positive attitude towards cleaning translated into better cleaning behavior. Furthermore, individuals who had previous experience working in other hospitals exhibited higher levels of personal burnout (t=2.26, P<0.001) and work-related burnout (t=2.76, P<0.05) compared to those who had not worked in other hospitals. Moreover, cleaning staff who were unaware of the hospital-cleaning-related infection control practices reported higher levels of personal burnout (t=6.85, P<0.05) than those who were knowledgeable about these practices.

    Suggestion: When revising relevant operational regulations and procedures, it is essential to make them clearer and more concise. It is recommended to develop a comprehensive training program that provides practical hands-on training and assessment for certification to instill correct knowledge among cleaning staff. Implementing on-site operational audits can aid cleaning personnel in acquiring the proper operating procedures.

    中文摘要 ii Abstract iii 表目次 vi 圖目次 vii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與重要性 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第三節 研究問題 5 第四節 研究假設 6 第五節 名詞界定 7 第六節 研究限制 8 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 清潔人員執行環境清潔行為於醫療照護之重要性 9 第二節 清潔人員知識、態度、行為相關實證研究 12 第三節 職業疲勞程度 15 第三章 研究方法 17 第一節 研究架構 17 第二節 研究對象 18 第三節 研究工具 19 第四節 研究步驟 23 第五節 資料處理與分析 24 第四章 研究結果與討論 26 第一節 研究對象背景變項、清潔知識、清潔態度、 職業疲勞程度與清潔行為現況分析 26 一、研究對象背景變項分析 26 二、研究對象清潔知識之分布情形 29 三、研究對象清潔態度之分布情形 31 四、研究對象清潔行為之分布情形 35 五、研究對象職業疲勞程度分布情形 39 第二節 研究對象背景變項與清潔知識、清潔態度、 職業疲勞程度與清潔行為之差異性分析 44 一、研究對象背景變項與清潔知識相關性分析 44 二、研究對象背景變項對清潔態度相關性分析 46 三、研究對象背景變項對清潔行為相關性分析 47 四、研究對象背景變項對職業疲勞程度相關性分析 48 第三節 研究對象清潔知識、清潔態度、職業疲勞程度 與清潔行為之相關分析 51 第四節 研究對象背景變項、清潔知識、清潔態度及 職業疲勞程度對清潔行為的預測 52 第五節 綜合討論 55 第五章 結論與建議 59 第一節 研究結論 59 第二節 研究建議 59 參考文獻 61 中文部分 61 英文部分 64 附錄一 「探討醫院清潔人員執行環境清潔行為影響因素」問卷 67 附錄二 終期環境清潔及消毒標準作業流程 74

    中文部分
    王雅芳、劉永慶、 黃玉文、 鍾春花、王玉蘭、吳良儀…林文川 (2017)。運用多元感染管制策略提升清潔人員環境清消成效。感控雜誌,27 ,103-115。
    王金蓮、林美麗、顧佳琳、廖孟雪、蔡宗翰(2022)。臨床護理人員職場疲勞狀況及其相關因素之探討。醫務管理期刊,23(1),1-18。
    王柏崴、黃禎貞、唐孝蘭、葉國樑、曾治乾 (2009)。台北市國中學生綠色消費知識、態度、 行為意圖及其相關因素研究~ 以某國中為例。科學教育學刊,17(3),255-274。
    江惠莉、黃奕霏、張淑萍、沈芳吉、邱聖豪、 李仁智(2022)。提升醫院終期環境清潔成效。感染控制雜誌, 32(6),347-358。
    卢运红、王慧敏、曾庆堂、杨燕宁、潘丽芳(2008)。 护士对老年住院患者的安全护理知识、态度及行为调查。护理学杂志: 综合版, 23(3), 3-5。
    余錦美、黃露萩、林怡芬、吳孟嬪(2022)。新冠肺炎疫病疫情下醫院外勤傳送員及外包清潔人員的管理作為。北市醫學雜誌2022,P1-13。
    李清潭、 楊斯琦、冷澤森(2008)。 企業非核心職務人力外包決策因素及評估之探討。中華管理評論國際學報。
    吳宛靜、李佳雯、 王梨容、吳怡慧、 賴玟君、李奕萱…柯文謙(2020)。運用生物螢光反應檢測法稽核醫院環境清潔之成果。衛生福利部疾病管制署,社團法人台灣感染管制學會, 10。
    吳水丕、 邱忠本(2017)。 環保垃圾清潔人員之肌肉骨骼傷害與人因風險因子評估。工作與休閒學刊, 5(1),73-87。
    周春芬、方進博(2015)。護理人員工作特質與職業疲勞程度的相關性研究。護理雜誌,62(5),41-50。
    林俐君、劉雅云、王麒嘉、廖淑貞、鄒怡真(2017)。 運用色彩管理提升某醫學中心加護單位環境清潔成效。醫療品質雜誌, 11(6),70-76。
    林增玉、洪靖慈、曾士誠、林俊祐(2020)。醫院環境及設備消毒以預防 COVID-19 感染之探討。台灣公共衛生雜誌, 39(3),337-341。
    姜秀子、盧彥伶、 劉昌邦、李聰明、薛博仁、劉芝伶 (2016)。 感管工具箱-醫院環境清潔消毒之作業規範建議。醫療品質雜誌, 10(5),20-26。
    洪儀珍、陳安琪、丁菱、陳宜君、盛望徽(2018)。醫院環境清潔確效方法之介紹與運用。感控雜誌, 28,264-273。
    洪儀珍、陳美伶、 田貴蓮、陳美文、黃寶華、黃雅惠…陳宜君(2016)。運用不同檢測方式評估某醫學中心環境清潔成效。感控雜誌,26,97-106。
    洪儀珍、呂依珊、黃寶華、林綉珠、胡文郁、梁靜媛…陳宜君(2022)。醫院環境清潔消毒與 COVID-19 疫情防治。台灣醫學,26(5),518-526。
    孫吟蓁、簡伶育、許佳晴、謝珮琦、康豑云、許瀚仁、曾雯琦 (2015)。運用組合式環境清潔消毒作業降低加護病房感染密度。源遠護理, 9(1),45-55。
    張晏蓉、葉婉榆、陳春萬,陳秋蓉、石東生、鄭雅文(2007)。台灣受僱者疲勞的分布狀況與相關因素。臺灣公共衛生雜誌,26(1),75-87。
    張富貴(2002)。醫院清潔作業人員疲勞生理狀況評估及工作危害調查(碩士論文)。 國立陽明大學環境衛生研究所,臺北市。
    黃于珊、王振泰 (2017)。醫院環境清潔消毒之監測。台灣醫學,21(6),614-620。
    黃如萍、蘇貞瑛(2015)。護理系大學生對刮痧療法的知識、態度及行為之探討。護理暨健康照護研究,11(4),287-297。
    黃安琦、張佳琪、劉芳、陳柏安、郭淑芬(2020)。探討外籍看護對失能老人照顧知識、態度與行為之相關因素。新臺北護理期刊,22(2),33-43。
    黃寶園 (2009)。工作壓力對工作滿足, 職業倦怠影響之研究: 統合分析取向。教育心理學報, 40(3), 439-461。
    陳王琨、李志豪(2014)。清潔從業人員對室內空氣汙染物危害認知及自我防護之研究。健康促進暨衛生教育雜誌,38,67-98。
    陳亞嵐、歐依雯、 鄭薏吩、郭文英、丁淇平、林麗滿 (2022)。提升一般病房病室環境終期清潔之正確率。長庚護理, 33(2),70-83。
    陳佳聘、王復德(2016)。醫院環境清潔-真的清潔了嗎?。感染控制雜誌,26(5), 225-227。
    陳盈伶,周光祺(2020)。新冠肺炎之醫院環境清潔。醫療品質雜誌,14(5),90-92。
    陳清松、陳瑛瑛、王復德(2021)。環境清潔消毒與採檢-確認潔淨,阻斷傳播。感染控制雜誌,31(6),334-338。
    陳瀅淳、黃佩萱、洪心怡、韓玉霞、潘姵君、施玥羽… 黃惠美(2019)。過程導向和結果導向目測法在醫院環境清潔確效之比較。感染控制雜誌衛生,29(4), 155-164。
    傅健泰、洪子仁、侯勝茂 (2021)。新冠肺炎疫情訊息對醫院清潔人員之影響研究。 醫院雜誌,54(2),11-19。
    湯雅芬、蘇麗香、陳常梅、林盈秀、劉建衛(2020)。某醫學中心加護病房環境清潔成效探討。感染控制雜誌, 30(6),331-340。
    葉婉榆、鄭雅文、 陳美如、邱文祥(2008)。職場疲勞量表的編製與信效度分析。臺灣公共衛生雜誌,27(5),349-364。
    劉瑋琳、張瑛瑛、張育菁、 陳宜君(2021)。醫療環境中之行動裝置與微生物傳播。 感染控制雜誌, 31(3),137-143。
    盧進德、莊依如、李怡頡、林欣樺、官惠貞、紀嘉君、胡嘉華(2019)。運用多面向感染管制策略提升醫院環境清潔成效。感控雜誌,29,11-22。
    羅憲忠((2008))。醫院清潔作業人員對於防護具預防職業傷害的知識、信賴度、使用度及相關因素(碩士論文)。中國醫藥大學醫務管理學研究所,臺中。
    侯傑議、吳姵錡(2019)。 [論文摘要] 降低手術室護理人員人因性危害風險之專案。 物理治療, 44(4),302-303。
    徐雅媛、白其卉、黃啟煌、陳雅琳(2014)。造紙業藍領及白領從業人員肌肉骨骼不適與勞動疲勞之比較研究。勞工安全衛生研究季刊,22(1), 27-49。
    徐玫琴(2021)。包材清洗流程造成人員肌肉骨骼疲勞對清潔品質影響之研究-以某化學廠為例(碩士論文)。中原大學工業語系公工程學系,桃園。
    張嫚娜、張曉芬(2019)。手術室護理人員職場疲勞之相關性研究。健康管理學刊,17(1),61-80。
    張菁芳 (2021)。主管不當管理,員工工作壓力,情緒耗竭與工作倦怠關聯性之研究-以員工協助方案為調節變數。中國科技大學企業管理系,臺北市。
    張淑婉 (2020)。台灣南部私人銀行從業人員職場疲勞與壓力之研究評估。(碩士論文)。嘉南藥理大學職業安全衛生系,臺南市。
    鄭怡世、巫麗雪、劉幸宜(2017)。臺灣老人日間照顧服務從業人員職場疲勞之探究。社會政策與社會工作學刊,21(2),1-53。
    謝瑛真、柯雅玲、賴秋馨、王淑婷、劉如玲、陳聖其 . . . 余美嬅 (2020)。運用團隊合作提升手術室環境清潔度。醫院雜誌,53(2),12-22。
    魏崇莉、袁晶霞、王红、蒲中枢(2021)。医院保洁员新型冠状病毒肺炎相关知识知晓情况调查研究。中国消毒学杂志, 38(7),559-560。
    衛生福利部疾病管制署 (2015)。醫療機構環境清潔感染管制措施指引。取自https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/ListContent/NO6oWHDwvVfwb2sbWzvHWQ?uaid=G_STO4jRE7dbiVH-5jSzjA

    英文部分
    Allen, M., Hall, L., Halton, K., & Graves, N. (2018). Improving hospital environmental hygiene with the use of a targeted multi-modal bundle strategy. Infection, Disease & Health, 23(2), 107-113.
    Assadian, O., Harbarth, S., Vos, M., Knobloch, J. K., Asensio, A., & Widmer, A. F. (2021). Practical recommendations for routine cleaning and disinfection procedures in healthcare institutions: a narrative review. J Hosp Infect, 113, 104-114.
    Barnes, S. L., Morgan, D. J., Harris, A. D., Carling, P. C., & Thom, K. A. (2014). Preventing the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms: modeling the relative importance of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning interventions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 35(9), 1156-1162.
    Carling, P. C. (2021). Health Care Environmental Hygiene: New Insights and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 35(3), 609-629.
    Chen, L. F., Knelson, L. P., Gergen, M. F., Better, O. M., Nicholson, B. P., Woods, C. W., …Anderson, D. J., & CDC Prevention Epicenters Program (2019). A prospective study of transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) between environmental sites and hospitalized patients-the TransFER study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 40(1), 47–52.
    Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., Vargas, C., San Luis, C., García, I., Cañadas, G. R., & De la Fuente, E. I. (2015). Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession. International journal of nursing studies, 52(1), 240–249.
    Drees, M., Snydman, D. R., Schmid, C. H., Barefoot, L., Hansjosten, K., Vue, P. M., . . . Golan, Y. (2008). Prior environmental contamination increases the risk of acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clinical infectious diseases, 46(5), 678-685.
    Gon, G., Dancer, S., Dreibelbis, R., Graham, W. J., & Kilpatrick, C. (2020). Reducing hand recontamination of healthcare workers during COVID-19. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 41(7), 870-871.
    Gon, G., Kabanywanyi, A. M., Blinkhoff, P., Cousens, S., Dancer, S. J., Graham, W. J., … Aiken, A. M. (2021). The Clean pilot study: evaluation of an environmental hygiene intervention bundle in three Tanzanian hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 10(1), 8.
    Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(8), 3286–3302.
    Hall, L., Farrington, A., Mitchell, B. G., Barnett, A. G., Halton, K., Allen, M., Page, K., Gardner, A., … Graves, N. (2016). Researching effective approaches to cleaning in hospitals: protocol of the REACH study, a multi-site stepped-wedge randomised trial. Implement Sci, 11, 44.
    Hall, L., White, N. M., Allen, M., Farrington, A., Mitchell, B. G., Page, K., …Gardner, A. (2020). Effectiveness of a structured, framework-based approach to implementation: the Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) Trial. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 9(1), 35.
    Hewage, S. C. N., Cao, L. T. T., Jones, R. M., & Fraser, A. M. (2021). Factors associated with environmental service worker cleaning practices in health care settings: A systematic review of the literature. Am J Infect Control, 49(7), 919-927.
    Joshi, S. C., Diwan, V., Joshi, R., Sharma, M., Pathak, A., Shah, H., . . . Stålsby Lundborg, C. (2018). “How can the patients remain safe, if we are not safe and protected from the infections”? A qualitative exploration among health-care workers about challenges of maintaining hospital cleanliness in a resource limited tertiary setting in rural India. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9), 1942.
    Jemal, K., Gashaw, K., Kinati, T., Bedada, W., & Getahun, B. (2020). Clean and Safe Healthcare Environment: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Infection Prevention and Control among Health Workforce at North Showa Zone Oromiya Region. Journal of Environmental and Public Health , Vol. 2020 ,1-10.
    Li, Y., Ge, H., Zhou, H., Zhou, W., Zheng, J., Chen, W., & Cao, X. (2021). Impact of environmental cleaning on the colonization and infection rates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients within the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 10(1), 4.
    Martin, E. K., Salsgiver, E. L., Bernstein, D. A., Simon, M. S., Greendyke, W. G., Gramstad, J. M., …Calfee, D. P. (2019). Sustained improvement in hospital cleaning associated with a novel education and culture change program for environmental services workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 40(9), 1024-1029.
    Meyer, J., Nippak, P., & Cumming, A. (2021). An evaluation of cleaning practices at a teaching hospital. American journal of infection control, 49(1), 40-43.
    Martin, E. K., Salsgiver, E. L., Bernstein, D. A., Simon, M. S., Greendyke, W. G., Gramstad, J. M., . . . Calfee, D. P. (2019). Sustained improvement in hospital cleaning associated with a novel education and culture change program for environmental services workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 40(9), 1024-1029.
    Ni, K., Chen, B., Jin, H., Kong, Q., Ni, X., & Xu, H. (2017). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding environmental cleaning among environmental service workers in Chinese hospitals. Am J Infect Control, 45(9), 1043-1045.
    Nunnally, J. C.(1978).Psychometric Theory. New York:McGraw-Hill.
    Ogunsola, F. T., & Mehtar, S. (2020). Challenges regarding the control of environmental sources of contamination in healthcare settings in low-and middle-income countries-a narrative review. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1), 1-9.
    Oliveira, B. A. d. S., Bernardes, L. d. O., Ferreira, A. M., Pessalacia, J. D. R., Furlan, M. C. R., de Sousa, Á. F. L., . . . Santos Junior, A. G. d. (2020). Impact of educational intervention on cleaning and disinfection of an emergency unit. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3313.
    Ong SWX, Tan YK, Chia PY, et al: Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient. JAMA 2020;323:1610-2.
    Phan, L., Su, Y.-M., Weber, R., Fritzen-Pedicini, C., Edomwande, O., Jones, R. M., & Program, C. E. P. (2018). Environmental and body contamination from cleaning vomitus in a health care setting: a simulation study. American journal of infection control, 46(4), 397-401.
    Protano, C., Cammalleri, V., Romano Spica, V., Valeriani, F., & Vitali, M. (2019). Hospital environment as a reservoir for cross transmission: cleaning and disinfection procedures. Ann Ig, 31(5), 436-448.
    Peter, J. P., & Olson, J. C. (1987). Consumer behavior: Marketing strategy perspectives. Homewood, IL: Irwin
    Ramphal, L., Suzuki, S., McCracken, I. M., & Addai, A. (2014). Improving hospital staff compliance with environmental cleaning behavior. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings,
    Ramphal, L., Suzuki, S., McCracken, I. M., & Addai, A. (2014). Improving hospital staff compliance with environmental cleaning behavior. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent), 27(2), 88-91.
    Santos-Junior, A. G., Ferreira, A. M., Frota, O. P., Rigotti, M. A., Barcelos, L. d. S., de Sousa, A. F. L., . . . Furlan, M. C. (2018). Effectiveness of surface cleaning and disinfection in a Brazilian healthcare facility. The open nursing journal, 12, 36.
    Squeri, R., Genovese, C., Palamara, M. A., Trimarchi, G., & La Fauci, V. (2016). "Clean care is safer care": correct handwashing in the prevention of healthcare associated infections. Ann Ig, 28(6), 409-415.
    Schwartz, N. E. (1975). Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices of high school graduates. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 66(1), 28−31.
    World Health Organization,WHO(2020). Cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces in the context of COVID-19. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/cleaning-and-disinfection-of-environmental-surfaces-inthe-context-of-covid-19
    Wang, Y., Yang, J., Qiao, F., Feng, B., Hu, F., Xi, Z.-a., . . . Yuan, Y. (2021). Compared hand hygiene compliance among healthcare providers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review and meta-analysis: hand hygiene compliance among healthcare providers. American journal of infection control,50(5),563-571.
    World Health Organization,WHO(2005). Clean care is safer care. https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2005/10/13/default-calendar/clean-care-is-safer-care
    Yanke, E., Moriarty, H., Carayon, P., & Safdar, N. (2021). “The invisible staff”: a qualitative analysis of environmental service workers’ perceptions of the VA clostridium difficile prevention bundle using a human factors engineering approach. Journal of patient safety, 17(8), e806.
    Zoutman, D. E., Ford, B. D., & Sopha, K. (2014a). Environmental cleaning resources and activities in Canadian acute care hospitals. American journal of infection control, 42(5), 490-494.
    Zoutman, D. E., Ford, B. D., & Sopha, K. (2014b). Working relationships of infection prevention and control programs and environmental services and associations with antibiotic-resistant organisms in Canadian acute care hospitals. American journal of infection control, 42(4), 349-352.
    Zhang, T., Feng, J., Jiang, H., Shen, X., Pu, B., & Gan, Y. (2021). Association of professional identity, job satisfaction and burnout with turnover intention among general practitioners in China: evidence from a national survey. BMC Health Services Research, 21, 1-11.
    Zhang, S., Chaun Peng, W., Lin, M., Deng, Q., Ye, Y., Li, Z., . . . Wang, Z. (2020). Analysis of the virus contamination and disinfection effect in isolation ward of patients with COVID-19. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 486.

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2026/08/31
    QR CODE