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研究生: 莊景智
JHUANG JING JHIH
論文名稱: 體現賤斥:公廁情境與身心處境的主體過程
The Embodiment of Abjection: The Subject-in-Process of Public Toilet and Body Situation
指導教授: 吳鄭重
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地理學系
Department of Geography
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 248
中文關鍵詞: 公廁賤斥主體性空間情境身心處境
英文關鍵詞: public toilets, abjection, subjectivity, spatial situation, body/mind situation
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:213下載:16
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  • 公共廁所不只是市政建設關心的公用設施,也是體現個人主體性的公共場域。本論文試圖從公共廁所的空間情境和個人如廁的身心處境出發,分別以由下而上與由內而外的分析視角,對公廁的客體環境進行都市空間的心理分析,同時也對日常排泄的身心處境提出地理學的空間理論。
    在理論基礎部份,本研究主要是奠基在克莉斯蒂娃的賤斥理論之上,輔以密櫃、滲漏及活歷等身體空間概念,建構出空間的精神分析與身體的心理地理學概念架構。在研究設計部份,本研究透過台北市公共廁所的分類觀察,以及針對公廁設計、管理、使用、清潔等不同對象的焦點團體與個別訪談,歸納出營造公廁空間的建築文本和使用/維護公廁空間的身體文本,作為分析公廁情境與如廁處境的微地理學經驗文本。
    論文最後將研究發現依照賤斥理論的三階段過程,逐一探討公廁空間情境與如廁身心處境中混雜渾沌、排除淨化以及象徵劃界的各種賤斥面向,亦即以吸納、排斥與分離的驅力觀點,解釋身體、心理與空間的賤斥過程,並以跨界/劃界的流動邊界詮釋過程主體的重建。然而,在建築文本與身體文本的分析過程中,本論文也發現隱藏在公廁清潔者身上的遺失文本,她/他們以清潔劃界的跨界參與不斷縫合公廁空間情境與如廁身心處境之間的罅隙,成為既是主體又為客體的賤斥體,連結公廁各文本間的賤斥關係。

    The public toilets are not only the city facilities for public convenience, but also a public field that embodies the very personal domain of subjectivity. This thesis attempts to construct a geographical explanation of the psychological process of subjectivity while conducting a psychoanalysis on the urban space of public toilets.
    Based on Julia Kristeva’s theory of abjection, and other concepts such as close(t) body/space, leaky body/space, and lived body/space, this research develops a conceptual framework of psychogeography. In order to put this theory into practice, the methods of group and individual interviews with the users, designers, administers, and cleaners of public toilet are used along with a systematic observation of different types of public toilets in Taipei. Two types of texts are created as the materials of analysis: the archi-text and the body-text of public toilets that highlight the microgeographies of toileting.
    Following the three stages of abjection theory, this thesis discusses the embodiment of abjection in details, focusing on the messiness of chora, the exclusive purification and symbolic demarcation across toilet space and body situation. It suggests that, from the drive of absorption, repulsion and demarcation, we can better understand the abject process between bodies, minds and spaces. Moreover, we can reconstruct the subject-in-process from the fluid boundaries of demarcation and transgression. Last but not the least, apart from the archi-text and body-text, this research recovers the missing-text embedded in the body dynamics of the cleaners. As both the subject- and object- bodies of abjection in process, they constantly bridge the abject gaps between toilet spaces and toileting bodies.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與問題意識 1 第二節 公廁研究的先期文獻回顧 3 第三節 理論缺位的公廁「空」間 5 第四節 論文章節安排 8 第二章 理論基礎 10 第一節 活歷滲漏的的身體空間 10 一、身體地理學 10 二、活歷身體 12 三、滲漏流動的身體 15 第二節 主體建立的賤斥理論 17 一、賤斥的過程主體 17 二、賤斥體 19 三、賤斥的空間 21 第三節 精神分析的空間研究 26 一、精神分析地理學 26 二、都市空間的精神分析 29 三、身心主體的空間過程 31 第三章 研究方法 35 第一節 研究方法的初探 35 一、操作化的研究問題 35 二、公廁的系統觀察與如廁情境的訪談 36 第二節 公廁空間情境的研究法 39 一、公廁空間的情境分類 39 二、公廁情境的挑選與分析 42 三、公廁空間的系統觀察 47 第三節 如廁身心處境的研究法 58 一、研究方法的選擇與設計 58 二、如廁處境的焦點團體訪談 61 三、公廁空間情境的訪談 70 第四章 混雜渾沌的符號密櫃 79 第一節 容匯各種穢物的賤斥空間 79 一、混雜的肉身賤斥體 79 二、混亂的有形賤斥物 81 三、混沌的無形賤斥感 83 第二節 互混雜陳的如廁心理 87 一、混亂的負面情緒 87 二、混亂的正面情緒 91 第三節 「宮」廁的密櫃空間 94 一、獨自享有的密室 95 二、洩漏流動的密櫃 99 第五章 排除與淨化的清潔過程 102 第一節 如廁身心的排泄過程 102 一、身體邊界的排泄 103 二、情慾性愛的宣洩 105 三、文字話語的排泄 110 第二節 公廁空間的淨化過程 113 一、偏僻忽略的邊緣空間 113 二、體現空間排除的公廁分析 115 第三節 公廁清潔的打掃過程 121 一、西西佛斯神話的公廁清潔 122 二、清潔作業的差異頻率 125 三、公廁淨化的去污使者 129 第六章 象徵主體的反覆劃界與跨界 136 第一節 如廁使用與清潔過程的處境劃界 136 一、如廁感官的驅離 136 二、觸覺噁心的「懼」離 143 三、清潔員的防護隔離 153 第二節 公廁設計與管理維護的情境劃界 155 一、公廁設計的區隔管控 156 二、公廁維護的律法管理 159 三、體現身心主體的公廁設計 171 第三節 危機介入的邊界崩解與跨界衝突 184 一、失控與掌控的身體空間 184 二、性別與性慾的跨界空間 192 三、違規與違法的犯罪空間 202 第七章 結論 209 第一節 研究發現 209 一、身心主體的「建」斥 210 二、處境身體的展演 211 三、跨界劃界的空間參與 211 第二節 研究限制 212 一、公廁分類與選樣的限制 212 二、研究訪談的限制 212 三、公廁現場實察的倫理限制 213 四、研究分析與呈現的兩難 214 第三節 後續研究 214 一、清潔者的缺位 214 二、特殊的公廁情境 216 三、特殊的如廁處境 216 引用文獻 218 附錄 224 謝辭 248

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