研究生: |
蔡欣樺 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
批踢踢電影版使用者觀影決策影響因素之分析-以電影《海角七號》為例 Analysis of Factors Affecting Viewing Decision of Users of PTT Movie Board-The Case of Movie “Cape NO. 7” |
指導教授: |
胡光夏
Hu, Guang-Shiash |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
大眾傳播研究所 Graduate Institute of Mass Communication |
論文出版年: | 2009 |
畢業學年度: | 97 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 134 |
中文關鍵詞: | 批踢踢 、海角七號 、網路口碑 、參考團體 |
英文關鍵詞: | PTT, Cape NO.7, Electronic Word of Mouth, Reference Group |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:177 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
此次國片《海角七號》的熱潮,從台灣最大的BBS 討論版批踢踢電影(movie)
版上所引發的討論可見其迴響之踴躍,隨時都有千人在線上的電影版隨時都在更新各電影的心得及資訊,而《海角七號》的劇情感動了許多對國片已不抱期待的網友,很快的,批踢踢電影版急速累積了上千篇關於《海角七號》的討論文章,批踢踢電影版上對於《海角七號》熱烈的迴響迅速地溢散到主流媒體,打破大眾媒體及電視新聞所主導的議題設定能力,反而由小眾媒體批踢踢凱起此一議題,隨之帶動新聞媒體大力跟進報導《海角七號》票房長紅與電影製作特輯等消息。
除此之外,批踢踢電影版也導引許多閱聽人潮回流至電影《海角七號》官方網站,《海角七號》在這些媒體平台交互串連、發酵之下,其票房創下台灣國片的歷史新高。
本研究主要在探討批踢踢電影版的使用者透過該版取得電影相關資訊的過
程中,該虛擬社群的網路口碑行銷、以及批踢踢電影版被使用者視為一線上參考團體,究竟如何影響使用者的觀影決策。批踢踢電影版的使用者在長期沉浸於電影版虛擬社群之中,透過電影版的功能進行資訊的搜尋以及進行觀影心得的傳播行為,批踢踢電影版對使用者而言是否成為一個重要的參考團體,進而影響社群成員的觀影決策。另外,探討電腦中介傳播此一新科技的網路特性、與社會影響力對於網路使用者選擇使用何種媒介得以滿足需求、搜集資訊,所造成的影響以及對觀影決策的干擾;還有消費者的觀影決策過程中,可能還會受到媒體報導、親朋好友的人際傳播、或是電影影評部落格等因素之影響。
參考文獻:
一、中文部分
〈【異言堂之歷史篇】越界:兩岸三地電影新浪潮回顧〉(2002年5月26日) 。上網日期:2008 年11 月27 日,取自台灣電影筆記網頁http://movie.cca.gov.tw/Case/Content.asp?ID=142
尹 鴻、蕭志偉(2007年1月 8日) 。〈好萊塢的全球化策略與中國電影的發展〉, 《傳媒學術網》。上網日期:2008年11 月25 日,取自http://www.028cn.com/qianyan/qy200110/qy0110a28.htm
王仕圖、吳慧敏(2003)。〈深度訪談與案例演練〉,齊力與林本炫(編),《質性研究方法與資料分析》,頁95-114。嘉義:南華大學教育社會所。
王鳳儀 (1999)。《新科技對小團體決策之影響:從電腦中介傳播談起》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
田芳華 (2000)。《學術調查研究資料庫-資料使用手冊》,中央研究院調查研究工作室。
池熙璿 (1997)。《原住民網路新聞討論群之研究──以tw.bbs.soc.tayal為例》。淡江大學大眾傳播學系研究所碩士論文。
何自力、范麗青(2002年1月8日) 。〈台灣電影遭遇寒冬〉,《中國網》。上網日期:2008年11 月25日,取自http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/TCC/haixia/95750.htm
吳美瑩 (2000)。《網路成文規範與使用者行為之初探─以台大椰林風情BBS政治版為例》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
吳姝蒨 (1996)。《電腦中介傳播人際情感親密關係之研究—探訪電子佈告欄(BBS)中的虛擬人際關係》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
李天鐸 (2006)。〈台灣當前影視產業的格局與困境〉,《全球競爭時代台灣影視媒體發展的策略與政策規劃》。(行政院新聞局專案研究計畫)。台南:崑山科技大學。
李亞梅 (2007)。《向左走,向右走?》。(電影年鑑2007)。臺北:行政院新聞局。
李芳齡 (2006)。《3張嘴傳遍全世界: 口碑行銷威力大》,台北:天下雜誌。(原書Mark Hughes [1965]. Translation of: Buzzmarketing.)
李祐寧 (2000)。《從影展資訊解析影藝新聞的專業表現》。(影劇藝文新聞量面面觀研討會)。台北:輔仁大學。
李婷(2008年12月20日)。〈《海角七號》的票房奇跡〉,《文匯報》。上網日期:2008年12月20日,取自http://big5.news365.com.cn:82/gate/big5/wenhui.news365.com.cn/ys/200812/t20081220_2134797.htm
谷玲玲 (1999)。〈電腦中介傳播,回顧與展望〉,「1999第一屆傳播與科技研討會」論文,新竹。
谷玲玲、張惠蓉(2002)。〈網路社群的人際互動:以玉山虛擬航空公司為例〉,《新聞學研究》。
林文淇(2007年11月26日)。〈2002-2006:台灣電影產業的困境與發展〉,《傳媒透視網》。上網日期:2008年11 月25 日,取自http://www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20080115_76_121717.html
林德國譯 (2001)。《 口碑行銷:如何引爆口耳相傳的神奇威力》,台北:遠流。Emanuel Rosen﹝2000﹞. The Anatomy of Buzz : How to Create Word of Mouth Marketing.
邱皓政(2008)。《量化研究與統計分析》。台北:五南。
施美玲譯 (1997)。《大眾傳播研究方法》,台北:五南圖書。Singletary, M. ﹝1993﹞.Mass communication research: contemporary methods and applications. Longman.
洪筱華 (2002)。《從電腦中介傳播角度談組織溝通與顧客關係管理之相關性研究—以台灣全區行動通訊產業為例》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
馬雅琦 (2002)。《金馬獎對台灣華語影片銷售票房影響之探討》。國立台灣師範大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。
張娟芬、盧慧文、彭懋龍 (1995)。《1993台灣電影工業危機診斷書》。(電影年鑑1994)。臺北:國家電影資料館。
梁慧玲 (2004)。《兩岸三地國際新聞報導之比較-以美伊戰爭期間的人民日報.蘋果日報.聯合報為例》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
郭書祺 (2001)。《企業運用網路公關之研究初探—從電腦中介傳播談起》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
陳寶旭 (1994)。《好萊塢電影用錢滾錢》。(電影年鑑1991)。臺北:國家電影資料館。
湯允一 (2001)。《媒體/社會:產業,形象,與閱聽大眾》,台北:學富文化。(原書David Croteau , William Hoynes[1999]. Industries, Images, and Audiences.)
黃慧櫻 (1998)。《台灣網際網路的變遷:一個政治經濟角度的初步考察(1979-1999)》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
黃學碩 (1996)。《網際網路公共傳播內容的分析--以交大BBS站為例》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
葉重新(2001)。《教育研究法》。台北:心理。
董旭英、黃儀娟譯 (2000)。《次級資料研究法》,台北:弘智。(原書 Stewart, D.W.&Kamins, M.A.﹝1993﹞. Secondary Research: Information Sources and Methods. Sage Publications.
劉威麟 (2006年8月31日)。〈批踢踢 (PTT) 為何成功?〉,《6號成功分析室》。上網日期:2008 年11 月23日,取自http://mr6.cc/?p=371
劉思坊 (2008)。〈認真而美好的講故事〉,《印刻文學生活誌》, 64:36-53。
劉鄭梓 (2003)。《報紙影視新聞對讀者滿足需求之研究-以大成影劇報,自由時報影視被為例》。 中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。.
盧非易 (1997)。《台灣電影政治、經濟、美學(1949-1994)》。 台北:時英。
盧非易 (2003年1月20日) 。〈從數字看台灣電影五十年〉,《台灣電影資料庫》。上網日期:2008年11 月25 日,取自http://cinema.nccu.edu.tw/cinemaV2/squareinfo.htm?MID=13
盧諭緯 (1998)。《當我們同在一起:BBS社交性討論區之言說分析》。國立中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
賴珍琳 (2008)。〈掌握未來二十年的主流市場〉,《今周刊》,601:。
謝佳凌 (2000)。《電視劇迷在虛擬社群中的交談意義》。國立政治大學廣播電視學系碩士論文。
謝高橋 (1982)。《社會學》。台北市:巨流。
鍾翠玲 (1998)。《妳是我的姐妹:電腦中介傳播環境下的美容言談》。國立中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
羅之綱 (1999)。〈網際網路電子佈告欄發展現況〉,《視聽教育雙月刊》,40-4:19-24。
羅家德 (2001)。《互聯網絡關係行銷》。臺北市:聯經。
蘇芬媛 (1995)。《Exploring Virtual Community in Computer Networks--A study of MUD》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
蘇彥豪:〈公共與私密的交疊:台灣學術網路空間結構的理論初探〉,《第一屆資訊科技與社會轉型研討會會議論文》(台北:中央研究院社會學研究所籌備處,1996年12月20-21日)。
鐘明非 (2008年12月31日)。〈全民海角熱 票房衝五億〉,《自由時報電子報》。上網日期:2009年1月5日,取自:http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2008/new/dec/31/today-specialreport10.htm
二、英文部分
Armstrong, A. G. & Hagel, J. (1996).The real value of on-line communities . Harvard Business Review, Vol 90 ,No. 3, pp. 134-141
Arndt, J. (1967). Role of Product-Related Conversation in the Diffusion of a New Product. Journal of Marketing Research, 4, 291-295.
Assael, H.,K. Kamins. (1989). Effects of Appeal Type and Involvement on Product Disconfirmation: A Cognitive Response Approach through Product Trial. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 17 (3), 197–208.
Austin, B. A. (1981).Film Attendance: Why College Students Chose to See Their most recent Film? Journal of Popular Film and Television ,9(April),43-49.
Austin, B. A. (1989). Immediate Seating: A Look at Movie Audience, Belmont. CA:Wadsworth.
Bansal, Harvir S. & Peter A. Voyer (2000).Word-of-Mouth Processes within a Services Purchase Decision Context. Journal of Service Research,Vol. 3, No. 2, 166-177.
Barbara Bickart & Robert M. Schindler (2001).Internet Forums as influential sources of consumer information. Jornal of Interactive Marketing,Vol.15,No.3, 31-40.
Bearden, W. O. & Etzel, M. J. (1982). Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions. Journal of Consumer Research, 9: 2, 183-195.
Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (2001). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Comunications Perspective, 5th eds., Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Bhatnagar, Amit and Sanjoy Ghose (2004).Online Information Search Termination Patterns Across Product Categories and Consumer Demographics. Journal of Retailing, 80 (3), 221–8.
Bickart B. & Schindler, R.M.(2001). Internet Forums as Influential Sources of Consumer Information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), pp. 31-40.
Boor, M. (1992). Relationships among ratings of motion pictures by viewers and six professional movie critics. Psychological Reports, 70, 1011–1021.
Briggs, R. & Hollis, N. (1997).Advertising on the Web: Is There Response before Click-Through?. Journal of Advertising Research, March/April 1997, pp. 33-45.
Brown, Jacqueline J. and P. H. Reingen.( 1987). Social Ties and Word-of-Mouth Referral Behavior.Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.14, No.4, 350-362.
Burnkrant, R. E. & Cousineau, A. (1975). Informational and Normative Social Influence in Buyer Behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 206-215.
Buttle, F.A.(1998).Word of mouth: understanding and management referral market.Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol.19,No.3, 251-254.
Cameron, S. (1995). On the Role of Critics in the Culture Industry. Journal of Cultural Economics,19, 321-331.
Carlson, J. R. & Zmud, R. W. (1999). Channel ExpansionTheory and the Experiential Nature of Media Richness Perceptions. Academy of Management Journa,42, 153-171.
Chen, Yubo and Jinhong Xie (2004).Online Consumer Review: A New Element of Marketing Communications Mix. Working Paper, Working Paper, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=618782. 2004
Chidambaram, L. and Jones, B.(1993). Impact of communication medium and computer support on group perceptions and performance: A comparison of face-to-face and dispersed meetings. MIS Quarterly, December, 465-491.
Childers, T. L. & Rao, A. R. (1992). The Influence of Familial Peer-based Reference Groups on Consumer Decisions. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 198-211.
Cocanongher, A. B. & Bruce, G. D. (1971). Socially Distant Reference Groups and Consumer Aspirations. Journal of Marketing Research, 8, 379-381.
Cohen, Joel B. and Golden Ellen (1972).Information Social Influence and Product Evaluation.Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol. 56, No.1, 54-59.
Cooper-Martin, E. (1992). Consumers and movies: Information sources for experiential products. In J. F. Sherry & B. Sternthal (Eds.),Consumer Rresearch,Vol. 19, 756–760.
Craig, C. S. and McCann, J. M. (1978). Assessing Communication Effects of Energy Conservation. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, September, pp. 82-88.
Culuan, M. J. & Marcus, M. L. (1987). Information technologies. In F. M. Jablin, L. L. Putnam, K. H. Roberts, & L. W. Porter (eds.), Handbook of organizational communication: An interdisciplinary perspective. (pp.420-443). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
D’Astous A., & Touil N.(1999). Consumer Evaluations of Movies on the Basis of Critics Judgement. Psychology & Marketing, 16(8), 677-694.
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1984). Information richness: A new approach to managerial behavior and organization design. In B. M. Staw, & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 6, 191-233.
David A. Reinsteinw and Christopher M. Snyderz (2005). The influence of expert reviews on consumer demand for experience goods: A Case Study of Movie Critics. The Journal of Industrial Economics,Vol.53,No.1,pp.27-51.
Dellarocas, Chrysanthos N. (2003).The Digitization of Word-of-Mouth: Promise and Challenges of Online Feedback Mechanisms. Management Science, 49 (10), 1407–24.
Dellarocas, Chrysanthos N., Neveen F. Awad and Xiaoquan Zhang (2007).Exploring the Value of Online Product Reviews in Forecasting Sales: The Case of Motion Pictures. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21 (4), 23–45.
Dubrovsky, V. J., Kiesler, S. S., and Sethna, B. N.(1991). The Equalization Phenomenon: Status Effects In Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Decision Making Groups.Human Computer Interaction, 6, 119-146.
Ducoffe, R. H. (1996). Advertising value and advertising on the Web. Journal of Advertising Research, 36 (5), 21-35.
Durham, F. D. (1998). News frames as social narratives: Twa flight 800. Journal of Communication, 48(4), 100-117.
Elberse, Anita and Jehoshua Eliashberg (2003).Demand and Supply Dynamics for Sequentially Released Products in International Markets: The Case of Motion Pictures. Marketing Science, 22 (3), 329–54.
Eliashberg, J., & Shugan, S. T. (1997).Film Critics: Influencers or predictors?. Journal of Marketing, 61, April, 68-78.
Ellison, Glenn and Drew Fudenberg (1995).Word-of-Mouth Communication and Social Learning. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110 (1), 93–125.
Engel, J.F., Roger, D.& Blackwell, Paul, W. Miniard(1995). Consumer Behavior(8th ed). The Dryden. Press.
Er, M. C., A. C. Ng (1995), Decision Support Systems. Amsterdam, 14(1), 75-84.
Etzioni, A., and Etzioni, O., (1999). Face-to-face and computer-mediated communities, a comparative analysis. The Information Society, Vol. 15, 241-248.
Faber, R. J., & O’Guinn, T. C. (1984). Effect of media advertising and other sources on movie selection. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 317–377.
Faber, R. J., & O’Guinn, T. C. (1984). Effect of media advertising and other sources on movie selection. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 317–377.
Farber, S. (1976). The power of critics. The American Scholar, 45, 419–423. Jones, E. E., & Davis, K. E. (1965). From acts to dispositions: The attribution process in person perception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 219–266). New York: Academic Press.
Friedman, E., P. Resnick. 2001. The social cost of cheap pseudonyms. J. Econom. Management Strategy ,10(1) 173–199.
Fulk, J. & Steinfield, C. (1990). Organizations and communication technology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Fulk, J. et al. (1987). A Social information processing model of media use in organizations. Communicaiton Research, 14, 529-552.
Fulk, J. et al. (1996). Connective and communal public goods in interactive communication systems. Communication Theory, 6, 60-87.
Fulk, J., & Boyd, B. (1991). Emerging theories of communication in organizations. Journal of Management, 17, 407-466.
Fulk, J., Schmitz, J., & Steinfield, C. W. (1990). A social influence model of technology use. In J. Fulk & C. W. Steinfield (Eds.), Organizations and communication technology (p.117-140). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gelb, B. D., & Sundaram, S. (2002). Adapting to Word of Mouse. Business Horizons, 45(4), 21-25.
Ghose, S., & Dou, W. (1998). Interactive functions and their impacts on the appeal of Internet presence sites. Journal of Advertising Research,(March/April), 29-43.
Gilly, Mary C., John L. Graham, Mary Finley Wolfinbarger, & Laural J.Yale(1998). A Dyadic Study of Interpersonal Information Search. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26, 83-100.
Godes, David and Dina Mayzlin (2004). Using Online Conversations to Study Word of Mouth Communication. Marketing Science, 23 ,Fall (4), 545–60.
Guernsey, L. 2000. Suddenly, everybody’s an expert on everything. The New York Times (February 3).
Hagel III, J. and Armstrong, A. G., (1996). The Real Value of On-Line Communities. Harvard Business Review, May/Jun, 134.
Harrison-Walker, L. (2001). The Measurement of Word-of-Mouth Communication and an Investigation of Service Quality and Customer Commitment as Potential Antecedents. Journal of Services Marketing, 4(1), 60-75.
Havland, C. I., Janis, I. K. and Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication and Persuasion, New Haven,CT: Yale University Press.
Heeter,C.(1986). Implications of New Interactive Technologies for Conceptualizing Communication. In J.L. Salvaggio &J.Bryanr(eds.). Media Use of Information Age.NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hennig-Thurau, T., Walsh, G.. (2004).Electronic Word-of-Mouth via Consumer-Opinion Platforms : What Motivates Consumers to Articulate Themselves on the Internet. Journal of Interactive Marketing,Vol.18 No.1, 38-52.
Herr, P.M., Kardes, F.R., & Kim, J. (1991). Effects of Word-of-Mouth and Product-Attribute Information on Persuasion: An Accessibility–Diagnosticity Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (March), 454–462.
Herring, S. C. (1996). Posting in a different voice: Gender and ethics in CMC. In C. Ess (Eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Computer-mediated Communication. New York, p.197-230.
Hiltz, S. R., Turoff, M., & Johnson, K. (1989). Experiments in group decision making,3:Disinhibition, deindividuation, and group process in pen name and real name computer conferences. Decision Support Systems, 5,217-232.
Hyman, H. H. (1942). Reflections on Reference Groups. Public Opinion Quarterly, 383-396.
Jochen Wirtz & Patricia Chew(2002).The effects of incentives, deal proneness, satisfaction and tie strength on word-of-mouth behavior. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13, 2, 141-161.
Jones, Q. (1997) Virtual-Community, virtual settlements & cyber-archaeology: A theoretical outline. Journal of computer mediated communication,3(3), from http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vo13/issue3/jones.html.
Kalpesh Kaushik Desai & Suman Basuroy(2005). Interactive Influence of Genre Familiarity, Star Power, and Critics’ Reviews in the Cultural Goods Industry: The Case of Motion Pictures. Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 22(3): 203–223.
Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P.F. (1955). Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Kelley, H. H. (1952). Two Functions of Reference Groups. In Swanson, G. E., Newcomb, T. M. & Hartley, E. L., Readings in Social Psychology, 410-414. New York: Holt.
Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., & McGuire, T. (1984). Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication. American Psychologist, 39(10), 1123-1134.
Kollock, Peter and Marc A, Smith. (1999). Communities in cyberspace. In Marc A. Smith and Peter Kollock (eds.). London: Routledge.
Komito, Lee (1998). The net as a foraging society: Flexible communities. The Information Society, 14(2): 97-106. from﹕http://www.ucd.ie/~lis/komito/virtband.htm
Ku, L. (1995). Toward a research framework for computer-mediated communication. Journal of Radio & Television Studies, 2 (1), 185-212.
Laczniak, R. N., DeCarlo, T. E. & Ramasmami, S. N.(2001).Consumers’ Responses to Negative Word-of-Mouth Communication:An Attribution Theory Perspective. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 11, 57-73.
Laroche, Michel, Zhiyong Yang, Gordan H.G. McDougall and Jasmin Bergeron (2005). Internet Versus Bricks-and-Mortar Retailers: An Investigation into Intangibility and Its Consequences. Journal of Retailing, 81 (4), 251–67.
Lea, M., & Spears, R. (1991). Computer-mediated communication, de-individuation and group decision-making. International Journal of Man-Machine, 39, 283-301.
Lea, M., & Spears, R. (1995). Love at first byte? Building personal relationships over computer networks. In J.Wood, & S. Duck (eds), Understudied relationships: Off the beaten track (p.197-237). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Lessig, V. P. & Park, C. W. (1978). Promotional Perspectives of Reference Group Influence: Advertising Implications. Journal of Advertising, 7, 41-47.
Li, Xinxin and Lorin M. Hitt (2008). Self Selection and Information Role of Online Product Reviews. Information Systems Research, forthcoming.
Linton, J. M., & Petrovich, J. A. (1988). The Application of the Consumer Information.Acquisition Approach to Movie Selection: An Exploration Study. In Bruce, A. Austin, (ed), Current Research in Film: Audience, Economics and Law, 4. Norwood , NJ: Albex Publishing Co.
Litman, Bruce (1983).Predicting Success of Theatrical Movies: An Empirical Study. Journal of Popular Culture, 16 (Spring), 159-75.
Liu, Yong (2006). Word of Mouth for Movies: Its Dynamics and Impact on Box Office Revenue. Journal of Marketing, 70 (July), 74–89.
Majchrzak, A. (1984). Methods For Policy Research. California: Sage publications.
Malhotra, N. K. (1996). Marketing Research, an Applied Orientation (2nd ed.). NJ: Simon & Schuster.
Markus, M. L. (1987). Toward a “Critical Mass” Theory of Interactive Media:Universal Access, Interdependence, and Diffusion. Communication Research,14,491-511
Maxham, James G. Jr. and Richard G. Netemeyer (2002). Modeling Customer Perceptions of Complaint Handling Over Time: The Effects of Perceived Justice on Satisfaction and Intent. Journal of Retailing, 78, 239–52.
McLeod, P. L. (1996). New communication technologies for group decision making- toward and intergrative framework. In R. Y. Hirokawa, & M. S. Poole (eds.), Communication and Group Decision Making (2th ed., p.426-461). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Morris, M., & Ogan C. (1996). The internet as mass medium. Journal of Communication, 46 (1), 39-50.
Moschis, G. P. (1976). Social Comparison and Informal Group Influence. Journal of Marketing Research, 13, 237-244.
Myers, D. (1987). Anonymity is part of the magic: Individual manipulation of computer-mediated communication contexts. Qualitative Sociology, 10(3), 251-266.
Neelamegham, R., & Jain, D. (1999). Consumer Choice Process for Experience Goods: An Econometric Model and Analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(3), 373-386.
Neuman, W.R. and Pool,I. de Sola(1986). The flow of communication into the home. In Ball-Rokeach and M. Cantor (eds), Media, Audience and Social Structure, pp.71-86. Newbury Park,CA:Sage.
Newcomb, T. M. (1943). Personality and Social Change. New York: Dryden Press. Pliskin, N. & Romm, C. T. (1997). The impact of e-mail on the evolution of a virtual community during a strike. Information & Management, 32,245-254.
Parks, M., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication, 46 (1), 80-97.
Petley, J (1999). Art Cinema. In P.Cook & M.Bernink (Ed.) , The Cinema Book : 2nd edition (pp.106-111). London : British Film Institute Pnblishing.
Picard, Robert G.(1989).Media Economics. 1ST. ed., Newbury Park CA: Sage.
Poster, M. (1991). Underdetermination .New media and society,1(1):12-17.
Rafaeli, S. & Sudweeks, F. (1997). Network Interactivity. CMC Magazine, 2(4). from http://jcmc.huji.ac.il/vol2/issue4/rafaeli.sudweeks.html.
Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: Form new media to communication. In Hawkins, R. P. Wiemann, J. M. & Pingree, S. (eds.). Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Process ( p.110-134). CA:Sage.
Reddy, S., Swaminathan, V., & Motley, C. (1996). Hits on Broadway: The role of critic’s reviews in the success of an experimental good. In E. A. Blair &W. A. Kamakura (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1996 AMA Winter Marketing Educators’ Conference (pp. 313–324). Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
Reid, F. J., M., Ball, L. J., Morley, A. M., & Evans, J. St B. T. (1997). Style of group discussion in computer-mediated decision-making. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 1-22.
Rice, R. E. & Case, D. (1983). Electronic message systems in the university : A description of use and utility. Journal of Communication, 33(1),131-152.
Rice, R. E. (1993). Media appropriateness: Using social presence theory to compara traditional and new organizational media. Human Communication Research, 19, 451-484.
Rice, R. E., & Love, G. (1987). Electronic emotion: Socioemotional content in a computer-mediated communication network. Communication Research, 14(1),85-109.
Robert, L. P. & Dennis, A.R. (2005). Paradox of Richness: A Cognitive Model of Media Choice. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication,48(1),10-21
Rogers, E. M. (1986). Communication technology: The new media in society. New York: The Free Press.
Rogers, E. M., & Rafaeli, S. (1985). Computer and communication. In Brent D.Ruben (Ed.),Information and behavior, 1,95-112. New Brunswick,NJ:Transaction Books.
Romm,C., Pliskin, N. & Clarke, R. (1997). Virtual communities and society: Toward and Integrative three phase model. International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 17, No. 4, 261-270.
Salancik, G.. R. & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A social information approach to job attitudes and task drsign. Administrative Science Quarterly,23, 224-253.
Schmitz, J. & Fulk, F. (1991). Organizational Colleagues, Media Richness, and Electronic Mail-A Test of the Social Influence Model of Technology Use. Communication Research, 18(4), 487-523。
Schmitz, J., & Fulk, J. (1991). Organizational colleagues, media richness, and electronic mail: A test of the social influence model of technology use. Communication Research, 18, 847-850.
Schulman, G. I. and Worrall, C. (1970). Salience Patterns, Source Credibility and the Sleeper Effect. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3, Fall, pp.371-382.
Short, J.,Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunication. London: John Wiley
Simmons, J.(1994, March 25). A” Thump up” pull in the audience. Wall Street Journal, pp. B1.
Singer, E. (1990). Reference groups and social evaluation. M. Rosenberg, & R. H.Turner(Ed.), Social Psychology: Sociological Perspectives, 66-93. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Slater, M. D. and Rouner, D. (1996). How Message Evaluation and Source Attributes May Influence Credibility Assessment and Belief Change. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 73, No. 4, Winter, pp. 974-991.
Spears, R., Lea, M. & Lee, S. (1990). De-individual and group polarization in computer-mediated communication. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 121-134.
Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organization communication. Management Science, 32, 1492-1512.
Steinfield, C. W. (1986). Computer-mediated communication in an organizationalsetting: Explaining task-related and socioemotional use. In M. McLaughlin (Eds.), Communication yearbook 9 (pp.777-804). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Steinfield, C. W. (1986). Computer-mediated communication in an organizational setting: Explaining Task-related and socioemotional uses. In M. Mclaughlin (Ed.), Communication Yearbook (Vol. 9, pp.777-804). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Svenning. L. (1982). Explaining predispositions toward telecommunications innovations: The influence of individual, contextual, and innovation factors on attitudes, intentions, and projections toward video-conferencing.
Thorsten Henning-Thurau, Kevin P. Gwinner, Gianfranco Walsh & Dwayne d. Gremler(2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms:what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet?. Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 18,No. 1, pp. 38-52.122.
Trevino, L. K., & Lengel, R. H., & Daft, R. L. (1987). Media symbolism, media richness, and media choice in organization: A symbolic interactionist perspective. Communication Research, 14 (5), 553-574.
Walther, J. (1992). Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective. Communication Research, 19 (1), 52-90.
Walther, J. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23 (1), 3-43.
Walther, J. B. (1995). Relational Aspects of Computer-Mediated Communication: Experimental Observations over Time. Organization Science,6,1995, 186-203.
Walther, J. B. (1997). Group and interpersonal effects in interpersonal computer-mediated communication. Human Communication Research,19, 50-88.
Walther, J., & Burgoon, J. (1992). Relational communication in computer- mediated interaction. Human Communication Research, 19 (1),52-90.
Williams, F., Rice, R. E., & Rogers, E. M. (1988). Research methods and the new media. New York: Free Press. Postmes, T., Spears, R., & Lea, M. (2000). The formation of group norms in computer-mediated communication. Human Communication Research, 26 (3), 341-371.