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研究生: 楊舒惠
Yang, Shu-Hui
論文名稱: 貝多芬晚期鋼琴變奏曲的蛻變與昇華──以演奏法的觀點詮釋《迪亞貝里變奏曲》
The "Veränderungen" and Transcendence of Beethoven's Diabelli Variations— Style Analysis and Interpretation on the Basis of Performance Practice
指導教授: 鍾家瑋
Chung, Chia Wei
口試委員: 鍾家瑋 林明慧 孫樹文 辛幸純 沈珍伶
口試日期: 2021/06/22
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 音樂學系
Department of Music
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 316
中文關鍵詞: 貝多芬迪亞貝里變奏曲蛻變與昇華創作手法演奏法詮釋
英文關鍵詞: Beethoven, Brahms, Diabelli Variations, Interpretation, Performance Practice, Style Analysis, Variations, Veränderungen and Transcendence
研究方法: 歷史研究法內容分析法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100662
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 貝多芬(Ludwig van Beethoven, 1770-1827)在鋼琴變奏曲的發展史上扮演承先啟後的關鍵地位,實踐作曲技巧的革新、突破,也提升了鋼琴變奏曲的藝術價值。

    本論文所探討的《迪亞貝里鋼琴變奏曲》(33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120, 1819, 1823)是貝多芬晚期唯一的鋼琴變奏曲,不論內容、規模都遠遠超越先前的作品 。此曲的曲名採用德文"Veränderungen"一字,為全然變樣、改變原來風貌之意,在創作手法上的突破更為浪漫時期的鋼琴變奏曲展開新頁,尤其對布拉姆斯 (Johannes Brahms, 1833-1897)產生極為深遠的影響。美國音樂學家西斯曼 (Elaine Sisman, 1952- )在葛羅夫音樂辭典中提到「儘管性格的變奏不再是此一形式輪廓變奏曲中最顯著的特徵,相形之下,織度與富表情的各式風格之極致表現更為重要。」並且,最終變奏是一首優雅而溫柔的小步舞曲,將迪亞貝里(Anton Diabelli, 1781-
    1858)所作的庸俗的圓舞曲主題轉化並昇華到另一個境界。

    本論文第一章為鍵盤變奏曲的發展史,探討各時期鍵盤變奏曲的風格與特色;第二章闡述貝多芬的鋼琴獨奏曲在早期、過渡期、中期、晚期的風格特色;第三章聚焦於貝多芬鋼琴變奏曲的風格演變,並點出《迪亞貝里變奏曲》的突破及影響;第四章為《迪亞貝里變奏曲》的創作手法分析,藉由分析個別變奏的性格與特色、變奏之間的關聯性,進而形成對全曲整體性的掌握;第五章為《迪亞貝里變奏曲》的演奏詮釋探討;第六章為結論。

    尤其,第五章特別強調以「演奏法」的論述詮釋此曲 ── 探究樂譜版本、貝多芬作品中的朗誦風格、速度與性格、力度與層次、觸鍵與音色、踏板、指法、裝飾音奏法等演奏詮釋的各項議題。期盼能表達此曲深刻的內涵,更貼近貝多芬的意圖,呈現更忠實、更有說服力的演出,在演奏上達到「蛻變與昇華」的境界。

    Not only did Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) inherit the essence of piano variations in the Classical period, but he also made significant innovations and breakthroughs, forging a new path for Romantic composers, especially for Johannes Brahms (1833-1897).

    33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120 (1819, 1823) is the only set of piano variations composed in Beethoven's late years. Instead of using the traditional "Variations" in the title, Beethoven chose the word "Veränderungen," which means alterations and transformation. As the musicologist Elaine Sisman (1952- ) mentioned in Grove Music Online, "although characteristic variations do not remain at the fore during this formal-outline set, extremes of textures and of expressive types do." The "Veränderungen" and profundity of the piece surpass its predecessors.

    The first chapter of this dissertation illustrates the development of keyboard variations from the Renaissance to the twentieth century. Then musical styles of Beethoven's solo piano works in his four compositional periods are revealed in the second chapter. And it narrows down to Beethoven's piano variations and points out the breakthrough and influence of Diabelli Variations in the third chapter. The following chapters in sequence are style analysis, interpretation of Diabelli Variations, and the conclusion.

    In the fourth chapter of style analysis, it can be seen that every single variation is a microcosm, and the connections between variations contribute to the whole. Furthermore, Beethoven transformed the commonplace waltz theme by Anton Diabelli (1781-1858) into an elegant minuet, which reached toward the sublime in the finale of the piece.

    Concerning the interpretation, the researcher digs into issues of performance practice in the fifth chapter, including editions, Beethoven's rhetorical style, tempo, dynamics, touch, pedalling, fingering, and ornamentation. This dissertation aims to be as close to Beethoven's intention and innermost thoughts as possible, and to achieve "Veränderungen and Transcendence" on piano performance.

    緒論 1 壹、研究動機與目的 1 貳、研究範圍與方法 5 叁、文獻探討 11 第一章 鍵盤變奏曲的發展史 29 第一節 變奏曲的定義 29 第二節 萌芽期──文藝復興時期 36 第三節 各國不同風格並立──巴洛克時期 40 第四節 曲式的奠定與發展──古典時期 52 第五節 「炫技」與「內涵」──浪漫時期 62 第六節 多元化──二十世紀 72 第二章 貝多芬鋼琴作品的風格與特色 78 第一節 風格的承襲──早期 78 第二節 實驗與創新──過渡期 87 第三節 英雄時期──中期 92 第四節 蛻變與昇華──晚期 98 第三章 貝多芬鋼琴變奏曲的風格與特色 108 第一節 鋼琴變奏曲的風格演變 108 第二節 《迪亞貝里變奏曲》的突破及影響 130 第四章《迪亞貝里變奏曲》創作手法分析 139 第一節 曲式結構與段落劃分 139 第二節 主題 141 第三節 主題的開展──變奏1-10 144 第四節 對比的極端──變奏11-20 159 第五節 引用與仿作──變奏21-28 176 第六節 蛻變與昇華──變奏29-33 188 第五章《迪亞貝里變奏曲》演奏詮釋探討 206 第一節 演奏法、詮釋與樂譜版本 206 第二節 朗誦風格 217 第三節 速度與性格 222 第四節 力度與層次 239 第五節 觸鍵與音色 257 第六節 踏板 273 第七節 指法 287 第八節 裝飾音 301 第六章 結論 305 參考書目 310

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    Beethoven, Ludwig van. 33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120. Autograph. NE 294. Beethoven-Haus Bonn. https://www.beethoven.de/
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    ________. 33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120. Revised Copy. HCB Mh 55. Beethoven-Haus Bonn. https://www.beethoven.de/de/
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    ________. 33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120. First Edition. Vienna, 1824.

    ________. Thirty-Three Variations on a Waltz by A. Diabelli, Op. 120. Edited by Hans
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    ________. 33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120. Edited by Artur Schnabel. Berlin: Ullstein Verlag, n.d..

    ________. 33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120. Edited by Siegfried Kross. Variationen für Klavier, vol. 2. Munich: G. Henle Verlag, 1973.

    ________. 33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120. Variationen für Klavier, vol. 1. 10th ed. Edited by Erwin Ratz. Wien: Musikverlag, 1973.

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    ________. 33 Veränderungen über einen Walzer von Anton Diabelli, Op. 120. Edited by Mario Aschauer. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag, 2019.

    二、西文書目
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    三、辭典
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    四、外文期刊
    Cooper, Barry. "Beethoven's Uses of Silence." The Musical Times 152, no. 1914 (Spring 2011): 25-43.

    Dickinson, Alan Edgar Frederic. "Beethoven's Early Fugal Style." The Musical Times
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    Geiringer, Karl. "The Structure of Beethoven's Diabelli Variations." The Musical
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    Herzog, Patricia. "The Practical Wisdom of Beethoven's Diabelli Variations." The
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    Horne, William. "Late Beethoven and 'The First Power of Inspiration' in Brahms's
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    Kross, Siegfried. "Eine problematische Stelle in Beethovens Diabelli-Variationen." Die Musikforschung 16, no. 3 (July/September 1963): 267-270.

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    Porter, David. "The Structure of Beethoven's Diabelli Variations, Op. 120." The Music Review 31 (November 1970): 295-297.

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    五、學術論文
    Chua, Yun Ying. "Closure in Beethoven's Diabelli Variations, Op. 120." PhD diss.,
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    Drabkin, William. "A Study of Beethoven's Opus 111 and Its Sources." PhD diss.,
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    Hung, Yu-Sui Esther. "Beethoven's Variations WoO 76, Opp. 34, 35, and 120: A
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    Su, Yingying. "Reinvention of the Classical Variations Form in Beethoven's Diabelli
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    六、中文書目
    董學渝。《貝多芬狄亞貝里三十三及c小調三十二變奏曲之研究》。台北:全音樂譜出版社,1993。

    七、翻譯專書
    Drake, Kenneth.《貝多芬鋼琴奏鳴曲──他本人的彈奏和教學》(The Sonatas of Beethoven, as He Played and Taught Them)。王杰珍 譯。桃園:原笙國際有限公司,2008。

    八、網路資源
    Brodsky, Seth. "Luciano Berio: Variazioni (5), for piano." Accessed April 13, 2021.
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    Müllemann, Norbert. "Beethoven's 'Diabelli' variations in a new guise." Henle Blog,
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    Neue Schubert-Ausgabe. "Dr. Felix Loy." Accessed April 26, 2021. https://schubert- ausgabe.de/en/contact/team/dr-felix-loy/.

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