簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 蔡宗蓁
Chung-Chen, Tsai
論文名稱： 毛細管電泳螢光法偵測苯乙胺類毒品之研究
Determination of Phenethylamine Designer Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis-Fluorescence Detection
指導教授： 林震煌
Lin, Cheng-Huang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年： 2006
畢業學年度： 94
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 124
中文關鍵詞： 天然螢光 、尿液 、狡詐家藥物 、苯乙胺
英文關鍵詞： 2C-B, 2C-C, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, Designer drugs, LED, Phenethylamine, urine, FITC
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：167  下載：22 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 本研究合成出五種2C系列的苯乙胺類毒品，包含2,5-dimethoxy- 4-ethylthio-phenethylamine（2C-T-2）、2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophen- ethylamine（2C-T-7）、4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine（2C-C）、4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamine（2C-B）及2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo- phenethylamine（2C-I），並建立標準氣相層析質譜圖和螢光光譜圖。實驗中利用毛細管電泳法偵測五種2C系列混合毒品的天然螢光和發光二極體（LED）誘導螢光，對於天然螢光的部分，選擇用氙燈提供300 nm的波長作為激發光源，在微胞電動層析法（MEKC）及掃集法（sweeping-MEKC）模式下之偵測極限分別為10-4 M和10-7 M；為了提高靈敏度，進而利用fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I（FITC）對2C系列毒品進行衍生，並使用藍光發光二極體作為螢光激發光源，在微胞電動層析法及堆積法（stacking-MEKC）模式下偵測極限可以達到10-7 M和10-8 M。最後，在未吸毒的正常人類尿液中添加五種混合毒品，經過液液萃取的前處理之後，可以用發光二極體誘導螢光法搭配微胞電動層析模式來偵測，本實驗並對萃取流程及分離環境進行條件最佳化。

    Five 2C-series of phenethylamine designer drugs, including 2,5-
    dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-phenethylamine (2C-T-2), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-
    propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-
    phenethylamine (2C-C), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-phenethylamine (2C-B), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-phenethylamine (2C-I), were synthesized and standard GC/MS and fluorescence spectra are reported for them. A mixture of the five drugs was separated and detected by means of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with native fluorescence and light emitting diode (LED)-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, respectively, for comparison. In the former case, exciting at a wavelength of 300 nm from a Xe lamp was used. The detection limits were found to be only in the range of ~10-4 M by the micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) mode but were improved to ~10-7 M when the sweeping-MEKC mode was used. For a highly sensitive analysis, LED-induced fluorescence detection was examined by derivatizing the compounds with a fluorescent dye, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC). A blue-LED (~2mW) was used as the fluorescence excitation source. The detection limits were improved to ~10-7 and ~10-8 M, respectively, when the MEKC and stacking-MEKC modes were applied. A mimic urine sample was obtained by spiking urine from a volunteer with the five standards, and after liquid-liquid extraction, the sample was examined by means of the MEKC-LIF mode. The extraction procedures used for the urine sample and the CE conditions for the separation were optimized.

    中文摘要..………………………………...……………….………….….......... I 英文摘要…………………………………………………………………...…. II 目錄………………………………….…….……..…………………....…...... III 圖目錄…………………………………….…………………………....….. V 表目錄………………………………………………..………………...… VII 第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………… 1 1-1 研究目的……………..………………………………….………….… 1 1-2 分析物簡介…………..……………………………………….………. 3 1-3 發光二極體簡介…….……………………………………….……….. 6 第二章 分析方法及原理…………………………………………….…..…. 9 2-1 毛細管電泳法之發展歷程..……………………………..……….…... 9 2-2 毛線管電泳法之基本原理…..………………………………………. 13 2-2-1 電泳遷移率……………………………………………….... 13 2-2-2 電滲流（EOF）………………………………………………. 15 2-2-3 管柱分離效率…………………………………………...…. 19 2-3 毛細管電泳法之分離模式..………………………………….…...…. 20 2-3-1 毛細管區帶電泳（CZE）…………...………………..…...…. 21 2-3-2 微胞電動層析法（MEKC）………………………...……….. 23 2-4 毛細管線上濃縮技術……..………………...……………………….. 27 2-4-1 毛細管電泳線上堆積法（sweeping）…..………….……...…. 29 2-4-2 毛細管電泳線上掃集法（stacking）…………….………..…. 31 第三章 儀器、藥品與實驗方法…………………………………………... 33 3-1 自組式毛細管電泳/氙燈誘導螢光分析儀..……………………….... 33 3-2 自組式毛細管電泳/藍光LED誘導螢光分析儀..…………………... 36 3-3 儀器與周邊設備列表…………..……………………………………. 38 3-4 藥品列表………..……………………………………………………. 41 3-5 FITC衍生物製備…………………..…..…..……………………….... 43 第四章 結果與討論…………...................................................... 44 Part I 2C系列藥物天然螢光之毛細管電泳/LIF偵測 4-1 2C系列藥物之氣相層析質譜圖......................................................... 45 4-2 2C系列藥物光譜性質之測量…….………………………………… 51 4-3 微胞電動層析法（MEKC）之電泳條件探討…….............................. 53 4-4 線上掃集法（sweeping-MEKC）之電泳條件探討……………….... 55 4-4-1 最佳化sweeping-MEKC電泳條件確立………………......... 55 4-4-2 Sweeping-MEKC檢量線製作…………………………….... 65 Part II 2C系列FITC衍生物之毛細管電泳/LIF偵測 4-5 FITC衍生反應之探討………………………...................................... 69 4-6 FITC衍生物之質譜圖…..…………...………….…………………… 72 4-7 FITC及光源之光譜……..…..……….………….…………………… 78 4-8 FITC衍生條件探討………..……….………….…………………… 80 4-9 微胞電動層析法（MEKC）之電泳條件探討…….............................. 94 4-9-1 最佳化MEKC電泳條件確立…………………………......... 94 4-9-2 MEKC檢量線製作……………………………………….... 104 4-10 線上掃集法（stacking-MEKC）之電泳條件探討………………........107 4-10-1 最佳化stacking-MEKC電泳條件確立..…………….........107 4-10-2 Stacking-MEKC檢量線製作……..……..……………...... 111 4-11 真實樣品的應用：尿液中2C系列藥物的偵測….............................115 4-11-1 樣品前處理………………….………………..………........115 4-11-2 尿液中2C系列藥物的偵測……………….………….…...117 第五章 結論…………………………………………………………….... 119 參考文獻........................................................................................................ 121 論文發表………............................................................................................ 124

    [1] de Boer, D., Bosman, I., Pharm. World Sci. 2004, 26, 110-113.
    [2] Alnajjar, A., Butcher, J. A., McCord, B., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 1592-1600.
    [3] Underberg, W. J. M., Waterval, J. C. M., Electrophoresis 2002, 23, 3922-3933.
    [4] Páez, X., Rada, P., Tucci, S., Rodríguez, N., Hernández, L., J. Chromatogr. A 1996, 735, 263-269.
    [5] Jin, L. J., Rodriguez, I., Li, S. F. Y., Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 1538-1545.
    [6] Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Science 1998, 282, 465-468.
    [7] Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 1638-1644.
    [8] Quirino, J. P., Kim, J.-B., Terabe, S., J. Chromatogr. A 2002, 965, 357-373.
    [9] Burgi, D. S., Chien, R. L., Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 2042-2047.
    [10] Chien, R. L., Burgi, D. S., Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 1046-1050.
    [11] Chien, R. L., Burgi, D. S., Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 489A-496A.
    [12] He, Y., Lee, H. K., Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 995-1001.
    [13] Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 850, 339-344.
    [14] Liu, W., Lee, H.-K., Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 2475-2483.
    [15] Zhao, Y., Lunte, C. E., Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 3985-3991.
    [16] Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 850, 339-344.
    [17] Palmer, J., Munro, N. J., Landers, J. P., Anal. Chem.1999, 71, 1679-1687.
    [18] UTRILLA, P., Ars Pharmaceutica 2000, 41, 67-77.
    [19] Lapin, I., CNS Drug rev. 2001, 7, 471-481.
    [20] Shulgin, A., PiHKAL, A Chemical Love Story, Transform Press, Berkeley, fifth printing, CA 94712, 2000, p. 557.
    [21] Kohlrausch, F., Ann. Phys. Chem.1897, 62, 209-239.
    [22] Tiselius, A., Trans. Faraday Soc. 1937, 33, 524-531.
    [23] Hjerten, S., Chromatogr. Rev. 1967, 9, 122-219.
    [24] Virtanen, R. Acta Polytechnica Scand. Chem. 1974, 123, 1.
    [25] Jorgenson, J. W., Lukacs, K. D., J. Chromatogr. 1981, 218, 209-216.
    [26] Jorgenson, J. W., Lukacs, K. D., Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 1298-1302.
    [27] Terabe, S., Otsuka, K., Ichikawa, K., Tsuchiya, A., Ando, T., Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 111-113.
    [28] Hjerten, S., Zhu, M. D., J. Chromatogr. 1985, 346, 265-270.
    [29] Hjerten, S., Liao, J. L., Yao, K., J. Chromatogr. 1987, 387, 127-138.
    [30] Cohen, A. S., Karger, B. L., J. Chromatogr. 1987, 397, 409-17.
    [31] Dittmann, M. M., Rozing, G. P., J. Chromatogr. A 1996, 744, 63-74.
    [32] Yan, C., Dadoo, R., Zare, R. N., Rakestraw, D. J., Anex, D. S., Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 2726-2730.
    [33] Hjerten, S., Elenbring, K., Kilar, F., Liao, J., Chen, A. J. C., Siebert, C. J., Zhu, M., J. Chromatogr. 1987, 403, 47-61.
    [34] Foret, F., Szoko, E., Karger, B. L., J. Chromatogr. 1992, 608, 3-12.
    [35] Schwer, C., Lottspeich, F., J. Chromatogr. 1992, 623, 345-55.
    [36] Mazereeuw, M., Tjaden, U. R., Reinhoud, N. J., J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1995, 33, 686-96.
    [37] Heiger, D. N., Hewlett-Packard Company Publication Number 12-5091-6199E.
    [38] Helmholtz, H. Z., Annal. Phys. Chem. 1879, 7, 337-383.
    [39] Heiger, D. N., High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis - An Introduction, 1992, 2nd edition.
    [40] Chien, R. L., Khaledi, M. G., (Ed.), High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis (Theory, Techniques and Applications), Chapter 13, CRC Press, 1998.
    [41] Liu, Z., Sam, P., Sirimanne, S. R., McClure, P. C., Grainger, J., Patterson, D. G., J. Chromatogr. A 1994, 673, 125-132.
    [42] Nielson, K. R., Foley, J. P., J. Chromatogr. A 1994, 686, 283-291.
    [43] Quirino, J. P., Terabe, S., J. Chromatogr. A 1997, 781, 119-128.
    [44] Zhang, C. X., Thormann, W., Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 540-548.
    [45] Shihabi, Z. K., J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 817, 25-30.
    [46] Palmer, J.; Munro, N. J.; Landers, J.P., Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 1679-1687.
    [47] Quirino, J. P., Terabe, s., Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 1023-1030.
    [48] Lin, C. -H., Kaneta, T., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 4058-4073.
    [49] Hinze, W. L., Sep. Purif. Methods 1981, 10, 159-237.
    [50] Szejtli, J., Pharm. Technol. Int. 1991, 3, 15-23.
    [51] Lau, S. K., Zaccardo, F., Little, M., Banks, P., J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 809, 203-210.

    QR CODE