毛澤東在中國近代影響深遠，並且早年即對體育運動萌發濃厚興
趣。毛澤東自許為馬克思之信徒，因此本研究以馬克思思想的哲學基
礎──辯證唯物論，檢證其體育思想。
毛澤東青年時期的體育思想，其本質是一種增益其所不能，包括
體魄與意志等；其價值，在成就聖賢豪傑、救國救民；在方法上，他
主張蠻拙實際，內容則為爬山、越野、涉水、冷水浴之類的鍛鍊。革
命時期，毛澤東號召涵括體育運動在內的“變化民質”之啟蒙運動，
其本質為增強體質的體魄鍛鍊；其價值在為無產階級革命服務，方法
則多屬操練形式，內容有田徑、武術、爬山越野與球類運動。中共建
國以後，毛澤東所認為的增強體質的本質並未改變，體育的主要價值
轉而為建設共產主義社會的經濟價值；另外，他主張組織化地推廣體
育運動，方法上仍以實際的操練為主，但也出現了輕鬆休閒的一面；
在內容上，他主張推展大眾化運動，對競技運動則抱持排斥態度。
毛澤東青年時期的體育思想成分相當混雜，即便是革命時期，他
的體育思想與辯證唯物論也仍有所扞格。中共建國以後，他的體育思
想大抵上合乎辯證唯物論的法則，但是因為受許多絕對的主觀看法之
影響，因此難免仍然有部分觀點與辯證唯物論的精神相牴觸。
毛澤東雖因他的政治信仰與對運動競技之偏見，限制了運動的多
元發展，惟其對“動”之崇尚，對近代中國所注入的活潑生氣，對提
昇全民體質之關注，本研究則給予肯定。

Mao Tse-Tung thoroughly influenced Modern China's history.
He was interested in Physical Education and Sport when he was
young. Mao regarded himself as a disciple of Karl Marx. This
research is based on Marx's thinking --dialectical materialism
-- to examine Mao's Physical Education thoughts.
As a young man，the essence of his thouhts about P.E. was
discipline oriented，including the physique and willpower,
and the goal was to become saint or greatman. To save country
and people was also part of his goal. Concerning the method,
he emphasized wild and practical activities，including mountain
climbing，cross country，cross river and cold shower taking.
During the revolution，Mao called the proletariat to proceed
the enlightenment，which included the physical exercise. The
essence of this movement was to strengthen the physical
discipline. The goal was to serve the revolution of the
proletariat. The methods mostly consisted of body training
whichincluded the track and field，Wu-Shu，mountain climbing,
crossing country and ball games. Ever since P.R .C. was
established，Mao's notion of P.E. and Sport for strengthening
physical condition never changed. The main value of P.E. was
transformed to create economic benefit for the communist
society. Moreover，he claimed that promoting P.E. and Sport
should be done in a systematical way. The method was mainly
by practical training，but in a stable condition leisurely
activities were also permitted. In the content，he intended to
popularize the civil sports，and repeled the competitive sports.
Mao's P.E. thoughts were very chaotic in his early Era.
Even during the revolution period，his P.E. thoughts were
in contrast to dialectical materialism. After the P.R.C. was
established，his P.E. thoughts generally matched up with the
codes of dialectical materialism. Yet，he was influenced by
many absolute，subjective ways of thinking，therefore，part
of his thinking was still against dialectical materialism.
Because of Mao's prejudice about political belief and
disdain to the competitive sport，limited the mutiple
developements of the sport. But it is worth to give positive
comments on what he was，particular in“action”thoughts and
raised concern for the physical condition of the mass.
Mao Tse-Tung thoroughly influenced Modern China's history.