研究生: |
周岱學 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
STS融入教學對國中生創造力與問題解決能力之影響 |
指導教授: | 洪志明 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
化學系 Department of Chemistry |
論文出版年: | 2003 |
畢業學年度: | 91 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 237 |
中文關鍵詞: | 九年一貫 、STS 、小班教學精神實驗班 、國中課程 、創造力 、解決問題能力 |
英文關鍵詞: | Grade 1-9 Curriculum, STS, The Spirits of Small Class Instruction, Junior high school’s curriculums, Creativity, Problem-solving |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:284 下載:36 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
我國新學制,九年一貫課程之精神,在於培育出具有預測未來、理智判斷、高創造力、不斷學習、反應迅速、解決問題…等能力的新世代公民。而STS(Science,Technology&Society)科學教育的教學目標之一,就是在於培養學生的創造力和解決問題的能力,所以只要能將STS教學落實在新學制的課程中,便能達成我國九年一貫教育改革的課程目標。
本研究之目的鑑於九年一貫課程的實施,因此想藉由此研究來探討將STS教學理念融入國中課程中,對於國中生在創造力、和解決問題能力方面會有何影響。
過去在對國中生所作的STS教育研究中,許多研究都是受限於時間太短,以至於無法作較長時間的觀察,所得到的推論也較受大眾的質疑。因此,本研究之實驗方法是將STS融入教學之時間延長為一個學期,希望藉由本研究所作出來的結果,更具實驗意義和參考價值。
本研究之實驗對象為台北市某國中三年級「小班教學精神實驗班」之學生,因並非隨機取樣之樣本,故實驗結果不能作過度推論。
研究結果以共變數分析方法得知實驗組學生在創造力測驗-「威廉斯創造性思考活動」和解決問題能力測驗-「托尼非語言智力測驗」上的得分均顯著(p<.05)高於對照組的學生。
根據研究結果,我們可以得知,將STS教學理念融入國中課程中,對於培養國中生的創造力及解決問題能力是相當有幫助的。這對於九年一貫的課程革新是一個相當正面的鼓勵。
The essence of Taiwan new educational system, Grade 1-9 Curriculum, is to nurture the new century’s citizens with capabilities of future-divination, intellect judgment, high-creativity, continuous-learning, quick reaction, problem-solving, and so on . One of the STS(Science,Technology&Society)science education’s teaching targets is to nurture stuendents’ ability of creativity and problem-solving . So if we can include STS science education in new educational curriculum , we can achieve the goal of Grade 1-9 Curriculum.
In view of the practice of Grade 1-9 Curriculum , this research focuses on the influence on students’ capabilities of creativity and problem-solving when the STS science education’s teaching spirit is inserted into junior high school’s curriculums .
In the past , many STS science education which study on junior high school students’ behavior were limited to short period time. Hence, the inferences from these researches were suspected by people . Therefore, this research extends the period of teaching activity to one semester , and hopes the result can be of more experimental meaning and reference value.
The subject of this research is targeted on the third grade students with The Spirits of Small Class Instruction in one particular junior high school in Taipei . Students are not choiced randomly , hence the experimental result wouldn’t be over inferred .
The result from this research’s by using Analysis of Covariance(ANCOVA), the students in experimental form significantly get higher grades than the students in contrasting form(p<.05)in the Williams Creativity Test(Creativity Assessment Packet,CAP)and the the test of problem-solving(Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, TONI).
According to the analysis result , if the STS science education’s teaching spirit is put into junior high school’s curriculums , it will be helpful to nurture junior high school students’ capacity of creativity and problem-solving .This result is a positive inspiring for Grade 1-9 Curriculum’s reform.
一、中文參考資料:
王澄霞 (1994)。設計大學STS化學通識教育的架構 A Curriculum Framework Design for College-level STS Chemistry.計畫報告,計畫編號:NSC-83-0l1l-S-003-013。
王澄霞、陳國華 (1994)。結合科學、技術與環境之學習成就評量。環境教育,45-50頁。計畫編號:NSC-83-0111-s-003-048。
王澄霞 (1995)。STS活動中之「學」與「教」。科學教育學刊,3(1),115-137。
王澄霞、林梅芬 (1995)。開發溫室效應STS單元 ,第十屆科學教育研討會。12月17-18日。國立臺灣師範大學,台北。計畫編號 :NSC-83-0111-s-003-057 。
王澄霞、劉奕昇(1995)。大二學生之臭氧層STS活動,第十屆科學教育研討會。12月17-18日。國立臺灣師範大學,台北。計畫編號:NSC-83-0111-s-003-057。
王澄霞 (1996)。STS師資培育:總計劃。科學教育研究計劃八十五年度成果討論會報告大綱,頁429-438。
毛連塭等譯 (1987)。資優教育教學模式(Maker,JuneC﹒原著)。台北:心理出版社。
毛連塭 (1994)。創造力的涵義及其概念的闡析。國小特殊教育,17,1-7。
李錫津 (1987)。創造思考教學研究。台北:台灣書店。
李德高(1990)。創造心理學。台北:五南書局。
吳武典等(1996)。托尼非語文智力測驗普及版甲式。台北:心理出版社有限公司。
吳武典等(1996)。托尼非語文智力測驗普及版乙式。台北:心理出版社有限公司。
吳武典等(1996)。托尼非語文智力測驗指導手冊。台北:心理出版社有限公司。
洪榮昭(1998)。創意領先-如何激發個人與組織的創造力。台北:張老師。
洪振方(1998)。科學創造力之探討。高雄師大學報,9,289-302。
洪志明、鄭淑玲(1997)。開發STS模組-『植物色素』與『天然清潔劑』。國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文。
吳靜吉(1976)。分歧式和連鎖式的聯想訓練對創造思考的影響。國立政治大學學報,33期,45-71頁。
林幸台、王木榮 (1994)。威廉斯創造力測驗。台北:心理出版社有限公司。
林幸台、王木榮 (1994)。威廉斯創造力測驗指導手冊。台北:心理出版社有限公司。
林幸台(1973)。創造性教學對資賦優異者創造力的影響。國立師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
林清山(1974)。心理與教育統計學。台北:東華書局。
林建平 (1984)。作文和繪畫創造性教學方案對國小四年級學生創造力之影響。國立臺灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。
邱美虹 (1994)。科學課程革新一評介Project2061,SS&C,STS理念。科學教育月刊,第174期,頁2-14。
郭生玉 (1994)。心理與教育測驗。台北:精華書局。
郭生玉 (1996)。心理與教育研究法。台北:精華書局。
郭有遹(1994)。創造性的問題解決法。台北:心理出版社有限公司。
張玉成 (1983)。教師發問技巧。台北:心理出版社有限公司。
陳文典(2000)。由國民中小學課程目標看「自然與生活科技」學習領域之教學與教材。科學教育月刊,第231期,40-42頁。
陳文典(1997)。STS理念下之教學理論。物理教育, 1(2),85-95。
陳文雄(1975)。創造力與創造性人格之研究。師大教育研究所集刊,17,107-194。
陳英豪、吳裕益(1982 )。道德發展測驗、創造測驗與認知發展測驗的發展。載於中國測驗學會主編:我國測驗的發展。台北市。
陳英豪、吳鐵雄、簡真真(1987)。創造思考與情意教學。高雄市:復文圖書出版公司。
陳英豪、何華國、吳坤壽(1991)。美勞科創造思考教學方案對國小普通班兒童創造思考能力及美勞科成績之影響。特殊教育與復健學報,2,181-204。
陳龍安(民73)。創造思考教學對國小資優班與普通班學生創造思考能力之影響。台北:台北市立師範專科學校。
陳龍安 (1995)。創造思考教學的理論與實際。台北:心理出版社。
張春興(1994)。教育心理學—三化取向的理論與實際。台北:東華書局。
黃麗貞(1986)。社會科創造思考教學對國小兒童創造思考能力及社會科學業成就之影響。未出版碩士論文,國立彰化師範大學。
教育部(2001)。國民中小學九年一貫課程總綱要。教育部。
教育部(2001)。國民中小學九年一貫課程暫行綱要-自然與生活科技學習領域。教育部。
歐陽鍾仁 (1992)。科學教育概論。台北:五南圖書出版公司。
蘇宏仁(1996)。科教課程模式—科學、技學、社會(STS)之探討研究。科學教育月刊,190,2-12。
蘇育任(2000)。自然科教師因應九年一貫課程所需之基本能力。國教輔導,40(1),339,pp.2-9。
彭震球(1991)。創造性教學之實踐 。五南出版公司。
二、西文參考資料
AAAS(1993). Benchmarks for Scientific Literacy, Project 2061. NY: Oxford University Press.
Aikenhead, G.(1994).Consequences to Learning Science Through STS: A Research Perspective. In J. Solomon.& G. Aikenhead(Eds.),STS Education-International Perspectives on Reform(pp 169-186). NY: Columbia University.
American Psychological Association (l993) .Learner-centered principles :Guidelines for school redesign and reform . Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association and Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory.
Arici, H.(1965) .Brainstorming as a way of facilitating creative thinking , Dissertation Abstracts ,25(11),6381-2﹒
Arnold, J. E.(1962) .Useful creative techniques, In S.J. Parnes & H.F.Harding (Eds) ,A sourcebook for creative thinking .NY :Scribner's.
Arieti, S. (1976) . Creativity, The magic synthesis . New York: Basic Books.
Barber, B. (1961) . Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery , Science ,132, 596-602.
Bear, J.(1993). Why you shouldn’t trust creativity tests? Education Leadership, 51(4),80-83.
Brown, L., Sherbenou, R. J. & Johnsen, S. K.(1990). Test of nonverbal intelligence , second edition. Austin: PRO-ED, Inc.
Brandt, R. S.(1986) .On creativity and thinking skills :A conversation with David Perkins Educational Leadership,43,12-18﹒
Carlsen, W. S.(1990) . Teacher knowledge and the language of science .Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, New Orleans ,LA﹒
Carter, J.& Torrance, E.P.(1978). Abstract: Teacher effects in using creative thinking activities with sixth graders. J. of Creative Behavior,l2(3),217﹒
Cheek, W. C.(1992).Evaluating Learning in STS Education. Theory into Practice .Vol .xxxl .No.l ,winter l992.pp.64-71﹒
Costa, A. L.(Ed.).(1985). Developing minds: a resource book for teaching thinking. Alexandria. VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Cramond, B. (1994). We can trust creativity. Educational Leadership ,52(2),70-71.
Crawford, R. P.(1954).The techniques of creative thinking . NY: Hawthorn Book.
Cronin, L. L.(1989).Creativity in the science classroom. The Science Teacher,56(2), 34-36.
Davis, Gary A. (1986). Creativity Is Forever .University of Wisconsin, Kendal/Hunt Publishing Company.
deBono, E.(1978).Opportunities: A handbook of business opportunity search. NY: Penguin Books.
Dillon, J. T. (1978).Using questions to depress student thought. School Review,36,50-63.
Driver, R. & Oldham, V. (1985). A constructivist approach to curriculum development. Studies in Science Education, 173, 105-122.
Duncker, K. (1945).On problem solving, Psychological Monographs, 58, No. 5.
Edward, J. C. & Richard, A. C. (1996). Creativity and Innovation in Instructional Design and Development: The Individual in the Workplace. Educational Technology,Nov-Dec,1996
Getzels, J. W.(1975). Problem finding and the inventiveness of solutions. J. of Creative Behavior, 9(1), 12-33.
Getzels, J. W.& Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1975). From problem solving to problem finding. In I.A. Taylor & J.W. Getzels (Eds.), Perspectives in creativity (pp.221-246). Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishers.
Getzels, J. W.& Jackson, P. W. (1962). Creativity and Intelligence: Explorations with Gifted Students . NY: Wiley.
Getzels, J. W. & Jackson, P. W.(1963). Creative and intelligence. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Gordon, W. J.(1961). Synetics: The Development of Creativity . New York: Harper and Row.
GuiIford, J. P. (1951). A factor-analytic study of creative thinking. Part 1: Hypotheses and description of tests. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.
Guilford, J. P. (1956). The Structure of Intellect. Psychological Bulletin, 53, 267-29.
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. Cambridge MA: Porpoise Books.
Guilford, J. P. (1968). Intelligence, creativity and their educational implications. San Diego: Robert R. Knapp.
Harms, N. C. (1977). Project synthesis: An interpretative consolidation of research identifying needs in natural science education. (A proposal prepared of the National Science Foundation). Boulder, Co.: University of Colorado.
Heath, P.A.(1992). Organizing for STS teaching and learning: The doing of STS. Theory into Practice, Vol. xxxI, No.l ,Winter 1992, 52-57.
Heath, P.A.(1998). Science/Technology/Society in the social studies.ERIC Digest. EOO-SO-88-8Sept.
Howe, R.(1997)﹒創造性思考教學研討會研習手冊 ,國科會。
Hickman, F.M., Patric, J.J.,& Bybee, R.W. (1987)Science/Technology/Society :A framework for curriculum reform in secondary school science and social studies.ED.288783.
Holman, J.(1986).Science and Technology in Society ,General Guide for Teachers. Hatfield , Herts .Association for Science Education.
Jarcho, I.S.(1985).Curricula approaches to teaching STS :a report on Units ,Modules and Courses. In R. W. Bybee(Ed).Science-Technology-Society,1985 Yearbook. Washinton D.C. :National Science Teachers Association.pp.162-175.
Jaffe, B. (1955). Using the history of chemistry in our teaching. Journal of Chemical Education, 32, 183-185.
Kepner, C. H.& Tregoe, B. B.(1965). The Rational Manger. NY: McGraw-Hill.
Mackworth, N. H.(1965). Originality. The American Psychologist, 20, 51-66.
Madras, S. (1955). The historical approach to chemical concepts. Journal of Chemical Education, 32, 593-599.
Maltzman, I., Simon, S., Raskin, D. & Licht, L. (1960). Experimental studies in the training of originality. Psychological Monographs, 74(6). (Whole No. 493)
Maier, N. R. F.(1970).Problem solving and creativity in individuals and groups. Belmont, CA: Brooks-Cole.
Mednick, S. A. (1962). The associative basis of creative process. Psychological Review, 69, 220-232.
McComas, W. F.(1989). Sparking creative thinking with S/T/S education: The results of the 1987-88 Chautauqua workshops. Chautauqua Notes, 4(8), 1-2.
Mestre, J. P.& Lochhead, J.(1990).Academic preparation in science : Teaching for transition from high school to college. New York, NY : College Entrance Examination Board.
McDaniel, E. & Lawrence, C. (1990).Levels of cognitive complexity. An approach to the measurement of thinking . NY: Springer Verlag.
Myers R. E. & Torrance, E. P. (1968). Stretch. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Perceptive Publishing Company.
NSTA(1982). Science-Technology-Society :Science Education for the 1980s. Position paper, National Science Teachers Association, Washington D.C.
Olton, R. M. & Crutchfield, R. S.(1969). Developing Skills of productive thinking. In H. Mussen, J. Langer, & M. Covington, (Eds.) Trends and issues in developmental psychology. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Osborn, A. F. (1953). Applied imagination. NY: Scribner's.
Penick, J. E. (1982). Developing Creativity as a Result of Science Instruction. What Research Says to the Science Teacher. (Vol. 4). Washington D.C.: National Science Teacher Association.
Penick, J.E. & Yager, R.E. ( 1993). Student growth in creative skills in middle school science. Science Educator, 2 ( 1 ) : p.21-27.
Reiter-Palmon, R., Mumford, M.D., O'Connor Boes, J. & Runco, M.A. (1997). Problem Construction and Creativity: The Role of Ability, Cue Consistency, and Active Processing. Creativity Research Journal, 10(1), 9-23.
Ridly, D. R. & Birney, R. C. (1967). Effect of training procedures on creativity test scores. Journal of Educational Psychology, 58, 158-164.
Risi, M.(1982). Macroscole: A holistic approach to science teaching. A discussion paper, D-82/2. Science Council of Canada, Ottawa.
Rose, L.H. & Lin, H.T. (1985) . A mete-analysis of long-term creativity training programs. Journal of Creative Behavior,18, 11-22.
Skinner, B. F.(1972). Cumulative record: a selection of papers. NY: Appleton–Century-Crofts.
Solomom, J.(1993). Teaching science,Technology and Society. Milton Kenyes : Open University Press.
Solomom, J., Duveen, J., Scott, L., & McCarthy, S. (1992). Teaching about the nature of science through history: Action research in the classroom. Journal of Research in Science Teaching,29,409-421.
Smilansky, J., & Naftali, H.(1986). Inventors versus problem solvers: An empirical investigation. J. of Creative Behavior, 20(3), 183-201.
Sternberg, R. J. and Lubart, T. I. (1991). An investment theory of creativity and its development. Human Development, 34, 1, 1-31.
Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.) (1988). The nature of creativity. NY: Cambridge University ,NY: Cambridge University Press.
Stratton, R. P., Parrott, G. L., and Johnson, D.M. (1970).Transfer of judgment training to production and judgment of solutions on a verbal problem. Journal of Educational Psychology, 61, 16-23.
Taba, H., Levine, S. & Elzey, G. Thinking in Elementary School. USOE Cooperative Research Project No. 2404. San Franciso State college, 1966.
Torrance, E. P. (1976).Can we teach children to think creatively? In A. M. Biondi, and S. J. Parnes(Eds.), Assessing creative growth: Measured changed – Book Two(pp. 131-168). NY: Creative Education Foundation.
Torrance, E. P. & Myers, R. (1970). Creative learning and teaching. New York: Dodd & Mead.
Torrance, E. P.(1966).Torrance tests of creative thinking: Norms-technical manual, research edition. New Jersey, Princeton: Personnel Press.
Torrance, E. P. (1963). Toward the more humane education of gifted children. Gifted Child Quarterly, 7, 135-145.
Wakefield, J. F. (1992). Creative thinking: Problem solving skills and the arts orientation. Nonvood, NJ: Abler Publishing Co.
Wang, C. H. (1997). Cultivating Teachers: Capabilities To Develop Students' Creativity: Designing STS Exploratory Experiment. Proceedings of Binominal Conference on STS Science Education, October, 18-19.
Wang, C.H. (1997). Cultivating the Capabilities of Teachers in Developing Student Creativity: Designing an STS Exploratory Experiment. Proceedings of National Science Council, Part D, 7(4), 1-10.
Webster’s New international dictionary, 3rd ed. S. V.”problem.”
Williams, F. E. (1971). Assessing pupil-teacher behaviors related to a cognitive-affective teaching model, Journal of Research and Development in Education, 4, 19-37.
Williams, F. E. (1979). Assessing creativity across Williams’ CUBE mode. Gifted Child Quarterly, 23, 748-756.
Williams, F. E. (1980). Creativity Assessment Packet (CAP): Manual. Buffalo, NY: D.O.K. Pub.
Wilson, S. M. Shulman, L. S.& Richert, A. E. (1987) .'150 different ways' of knowing: Representation of knowledge in teaching. In J; Calder head (Ed.). Exploring teachers thinking (pp.104-124) . London: Cassell.
Yager, R. E. (1996).Science/Technology/Society as reform in Science Education. NY: State University of New York Press, 70-148.
Yager, R. E. (1995).History of Science/Technology/Society and Learning. Bulletin of Science,Technology and Society,15(5-6),225-27.
Yager, R. E. (1993).History of Science/Technology/Society as reform in the United-States. School Science and Mathmetics, 93(3),145-151.
Yager, R. E. (1992). The constructivist learning model: A must for STS classroom. ICASE, yearbook, 14-17.
Yager, R. E., Blunck, S. M. & Ajam, M.(Eds)(1991), The Iowa Assessment Package for Evaluation Five Domains of Science Education: The University of Iowa. Science Education Center, Iowa Cite, IA.