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研究生: 鄭暉騰
Tay, Hui-teng
論文名稱: 從可比語料庫探討法律翻譯的明朗化現象
Exploring Explicitation in Legal Translation through a Comparable Corpus
指導教授: 胡宗文
Hu, Zong-Wen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 翻譯研究所
Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 104
中文關鍵詞: 語料庫語料庫翻譯研究明朗化香港司法機構法律判案法律翻譯
英文關鍵詞: Corpus-based Translation Studies, Hong Kong Judiciary, Legal Judgments, Legal Translation, Explicitation Hypothesis
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204979
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 明朗化現象是許多學者常會探討的研究項目,也被一些學者稱為翻譯普遍特徵。精確度與準確度在法律翻譯領域裡是極為關鍵的考量,按此邏輯,法律譯文的明朗化現象應該相對於非翻譯文本更為明顯。這個問題,為本研究所探討的題目。通過易用功能性靈活的語料庫工具AntConc,本研究將會分析單語種的比較語料庫(由自然英文語料庫與中譯英語料庫 組成)。此語料庫的資料源自於香港特別行政區司法機構所刊登( 於官方網站)的判案理由書。以雙語作為法定語言是香港法律體系獨有的特徵,有大量的中文判案理由書因參考需要被翻譯成英文,因此這些文本適合用於探討法律英譯與自然英文的差異。

    本研究將會探討的明朗化現象包括報導動詞後接"that"的現象,連接詞,轉折詞等。這些現象的頻率將會被紀錄下來,接著針對英譯與自然英文的頻率差距進行似然比檢驗,以便確認是否有顯著性差異。研究結果顯示譯文裡明朗化頻率普遍高於自然英文。

    Explicitation is a much studied phenomenon and considered by some to be a "universal" of translation. In the field of legal translation, where the precision and accuracy of language are key priorities, it would make sense for explicitation to be more pronounced in translations as opposed to non-translated English texts. But to what extent is this true? This is the primary issue this paper is seeking to explore. Through the use of the easily accessible and versatile corpus-processing tool AntConc, I analysed a monolingual, comparable corpus consisting of a translational English sub-corpora and a non-translational English sub-corpora, both drawn from court judgments published on the website of the Judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Due to the unique nature of Hong Kong's legal system, in which both English and Chinese are official languages of the court, a large number of key judgments are translated from Chinese into English presumably for reference purposes, thus making them suitable for the study of translational differences in legal translation.
    With respect to explicitation, we looked at several explicitation phenomena including the "verb+that-clause" pattern, conjunctions and transitional words. The frequencies of these explicitation phenomena are tabulated, with the difference in frequencies between the translational and non-translational being subjected to a log-likelihood test to determine their significance. The findings as a whole does support the view that explicitating connectives are used in a statistically more pronounced manner in the translated sub-corpora.

    Table of Contents Abstract i 中文摘要 iii Acknowledgements iv List of Figures vii List of Tables viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Research Rationale 1 1.1.1 Language and Translation in Hong Kong's Legal System 2 1.1.2 Explicitation 4 1.1.3 Concordance Tools and Ease of Access to Resources 5 1.2 Research Purpose and Questions 6 1.3 Significance of Research 6 1.4 Thesis Structure 6 Chapter 2 Literature Review 8 2.1 Corpus-based Translation Studies (CTS) 8 2.2 Explicitation 9 2.2.1 Klaudy’s Explicitation Typology 9 2.3.1 Explicitation Hypothesis 12 2.3.2 CTS Studies on Explicitation 13 2.4 Pym's Risk Management Theory 15 Chapter 3 Methodology 18 3.1 Corpus Selection 18 3.3 Explicitation Typology 25 3.4 Concordance Tool 28 3.4.1 Testing for Statistical Significance 30 Chapter 4 Findings 33 4.1 Explicitation at the intra-sentential level 33 4.1.1 Verb+That-Clause 33 4.1.2 Conditional Conjunctions 38 4.1.3 Parallel Conjunctions 42 4.1.4 Causal Conjunctions 44 4.1.5 Temporal Conjunctions 47 4.1.6 Contrastive Conjunctions 49 4.2 Explicitation at the inter-sentential level 51 4.2.1 Transitional words and phrases for cause and effect 52 4.2.2 Transitional words and phrases for contrast 54 4.2.3 Transitional words and phrases for supplementary information 58 4.2.4 Transitional words for priority 61 4.3 Summary of Findings & Discussion 63 Chapter 5 Discussion & Conclusion 66 5.1 Summary and discussion 66 5.2 Limitations of the Study 67 5.3 Suggestions for Future Research 68 References 69 Appendix 73 Appendix I - List of judgments used in the corpus 73 Appendix II - Detailed list of findings in this study 102 List of Figures Figure 1 - AntConc’s User Interface 29 List of Tables Table 1 - Profile of corpus used in this study 23 Table 2 - Connectives in this study 27 Table 3 - Contingency Table for Log-likelihood Test 30 Table 4 - Number of occurrences of "verb+that-clause" being used in the corpus 36 Table 5 - More examples of “Verb+That Clause” used at the intra-sentential level 37 Table 6 - Number of occurrences of conditional conjunctions being used in the corpus 40 Table 7 - More examples of conditional conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level 41 Table 8 - Number of occurrences of parallel conjunctions being used in the corpus 43 Table 9 - More examples of parallel conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level 44 Table 10 - Number of occurrences of causal conjunctions being used in the corpus 45 Table 11 - More examples of causal conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level 46 Table 12 - Number of occurrences of temporal conjunctions being used in the corpus 48 Table 13 - More examples of temporal conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level 48 Table 14 - Number of occurrences of contrastive conjunctions being used in the corpus 49 Table 15 - More examples of contrastive conjunctions used at the intra-sentential level 50 Table 16 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for cause and effect being used in the corpus 53 Table 17 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for cause and effect used at the inter-sentential level 54 Table 18 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for contrast being used in the corpus 55 Table 19 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for contrast used at the inter-sentential level 56 Table 20 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for supplementary information being used in the corpus 59 Table 21 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for supplementary information used at the inter-sentential level 60 Table 22 - Number of occurrences of transitional words and phrases for priority being used in the corpus 62 Table 23 - More examples of transitional words and phrases for priority used at the inter-sentential level 63 Table 24 - Table of summarised findings by category 64

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