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研究生: 黃翊翔
論文名稱: 臺灣北部福隆海域海灘類型和裂流分布的時空間變動研究
指導教授: 林雪美
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地理學系
Department of Geography
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 129
中文關鍵詞: 地形動力學裂流時空間變動海灘安全
英文關鍵詞: morphodynamics, rip currents, time and spatial change, beach safety
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:364下載:20
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  • 據巴西南部海灘研究顯示,海灘意外的成因中有78%是來自裂流帶來的危害,台灣四面環海,海灘眾多,不僅風景優美,亦適合從事海灘休憩和水域活動。鑑於國內海灘意外事件頻傳,裂流既為海灘危險的最主要因子,管理當局實有必要針對「裂流與海灘安全」的議題加以探討。然而過去國外文獻探討裂流發生的機制,主要探討的是海灘營力對於水下沙洲的影響,福隆海域東南端有雙溪河口注入,當探討海灘水下沙洲的變動時,也需考慮到河口逕流營力的影響。本研究即以Wright and Short(1984)的海灘模式為依據,探討不同時距下福隆海域海灘類型和裂流分布的時空間變動、以及波高營力和逕流營力等因子的影響,並應用於評估福隆海域之海灘安全性。
    就海灘類型變動而論。北部鹽寮海灘段的海灘類型和當日平均示性波高的相關係數可達0.90以上,反映出海灘形態在波高影響下的立即反應,突發事件期間,海灘則呈現極端消散的狀態;東南部河口附近海灘則深受河口逕流流路切穿的影響,無法利用Wright and Short(1984)的理論進行分類,乃以河口逕流出海的角度最為型態判斷的依據。結果發現波浪營力增大時,河口逕流會往河口左側沿岸偏移。
    就裂流分布變動而論。若比較冬、夏季的裂流分布,冬季的裂流數遠較夏季為多,且其位置的偏移量也較夏季為大,此反映出冬季波浪營力變化較大,夏季波浪營力趨於穩靜的事實;若比較各海灘段裂流位置偏移的空間差異,東南部河口沙灘附近之裂流擺移量遠較北部的鹽寮沙灘為大,單日移動量最高可達到75m以上,且相較於西北部裂流往東南偏移為主的情形,其皆是往西北偏移的現象,推測是由於波浪和逕流共同作用的結果。
    就海灘安全性評估而論。海灘夏季較適合開放,然而於突發事件期間,海灘危險等級極高,應避免從事海灘遊憩活動;然而不論冬季和夏季,東南端堤防旁之裂流和河口逕流固定存在,需避免到海域東南側戲水。
    比較Short等人於澳洲之研究,其海灘類型於冬、夏季具有常態性的規律變化,從短期變化來看,其各季節內的差異並不大,即使有短暫大浪,也只是讓裂流暫時消失。然而就台灣而言,長期四季雖仍具有常態性的變化,各季節內之變動量卻明顯有別:夏季季內變動不大;冬季隨著東北季風波浪營力的興衰,其變動較為明顯。尤其是台灣短期的突發事件,其極端的大浪會讓海灘呈現極端消散之狀態,使得原有的裂流形態和位置重組,此對裂流位置預測與海灘安全區之劃分來說是必須關注的課題。

    目 錄 圖目錄 表目錄 摘要 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機與目的………………………………………………………1 第二節 文獻探討………………………………………………………………3 第三節 研究架構與方法……………………………………………………16 第四節 研究區概況 …………………………………………………………21 第二章 長期時距海灘類型變動和裂流分布 第一節 航照海灘類型和裂流位置判釋方法…………………………………24 第二節 長期時距海灘類型變動.……………………………………………33 第三節 長期時距裂流時空間分布.…………..…………………………41 第四節 長期時距海灘類型和裂流分布時空間差異成因分析………………45 第三章 短期時距海灘類型變動和裂流分布 第一節 監視器海灘類型和裂流位置判釋方法………………………………48 第二節 短期時距海灘類型變動.……………………………………………62 第三節 短期時距裂流時空間變動……………………………………………72 第四節 短期時距海灘類型變動之營力探討………………………………77 第五節 短期時距裂流時空變動之營力探討…………………………………87 第四章 突發時距海灘類型變動和裂流分布 第一節 突發時距海灘類型變動………………………………………………94 第二節 突發時距裂流時空間變動…………………………………………100 第三節 突發時距海灘類型變動之營力探討………………………………104 第四節 突發時距裂流時空變動之營力探討………………………………106 第五章 海灘安全性評估 第一節 海灘類型時空變動和海灘安全性評估……………………………110 第二節 裂流分布時空變動和海灘安全之關係……………………………114 第六章 結論……………………………………………………………………118 參考文獻………………………………………………………………………120 附錄一 福隆冬季各期航照各海灘分段之沿岸距離總表……………………126 附錄二 福隆夏季各期航照各海灘分段之沿岸距離總表……………………128 謝辭

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