簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: Budi Trisna
Budi Trisna
論文名稱: A Double-edged Sword of Performance Management System on Employee Engagement and Burnout: The Moderating Role of Concertive Control
A Double-edged Sword of Performance Management System on Employee Engagement and Burnout: The Moderating Role of Concertive Control
指導教授: 盧承杰
Lu, Cheng-Chieh
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 82
英文關鍵詞: performance management system (PMS), employee burnout, concertive control
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100225
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:166下載:17
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • The abundance of literature certainly reveals that the influence of the performance management system (PMS) on employees’ well-being has been debatable. Furthermore, the PMS may arise constructive consequences for employee engagement which leads to the company’s success management, productivity, high dedication and positive behaviors. However, just like a coin, the PMS has two sides which also create destructive consequences for employee burnout too which lessen the company’s accomplishment. Employee burnout is manifested by symptoms of intense exhaustion and disengagement at the workplace. These double-edged sword risks have not obtained an equal degree of awareness in literature. Therefore, the first purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between PMS, employee engagement, and employee burnout. The second purpose is to explore and comprehend the moderating role of concertive control on the relationship between PMS, employee engagement, and employee burnout in the Jakarta, Indonesia context. Non-probability sampling technique specifically convenience sampling approach was adopted to collect the data of 250 employees in Jakarta. After gathering the data, the statistical software SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. The result of the study showed that PMS significantly has a positive relation with employee engagement. Furthermore, it has significant negative relationship with employee burnout. In the light of concertive control as moderating role, the result of the study particularly showed that it did not have moderating effect for the relationship between PMS and employee engagement as well as PMS and employee burnout

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT I TABLE OF CONTENTS II LIST OF TABLES IV TABLE OF FIGURES V CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 4 Purposes of the Study 5 Questions of the Study 5 Significance of the Study 5 Delimitations of the Study 6 Definition of Key Terms 6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Performance Management System 9 Employee Engagement 13 Employee Burnout 14 Concertive Control 16 Performance Management System and Employee Engagement 19 Performance Management System and Employee Burnout 20 Concertive Control as Moderator 20 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 23 Research Framework 23 Research Hypotheses 24 Research Procedure 24 Research Sample and Data Collection 26 Measurement 27 Pilot Study 34 Main Study 35 Data Analysis 37 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 39 Descriptive Analysis 39 Results of Pearson Correlation Analysis 40 Results of Hierarchical Regression Analysis 42 Discussions 45 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49 Conclusion 49 Practical Implication of the Study 49 Limitations of the Study 51 Future Research Recommendations 52 REFERENCES 53 APPENDIX A 67 APPENDIX B 75

    Adekola, B. (2010). Gender differences in the experience of work burnout among university
    staff. African Journal of Business Management, 4, 886-889. Retrieved from https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJBM/article-stat/E64B91023543

    Adhikari, R. (2010). Human resource development (HRD) for performance management: The
    case of Nepalese organizations. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(4), 306-324. doi:10.1108/17410401011038883

    Aguinis, H. (2013). Performance management (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson
    Prentice Hall.

    Aguinis, H., Gottfredson, K., & Joo, H. (2012). Delivering effective performance feedback:
    The strengths-based approach. Business Horizons, 55(2), 105-111.

    Alder, G. & Tompkins, P. (1997). Electronic performance monitoring: An organizational
    justice and concertive control perspective. Management Communication Quarterly, 10, 259-288. doi:10.1177/0893318997010003001

    Alfes, K., Shantz, A., Bailey, C., & Soane, E. (2012). The link between perceived human
    resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24, 1-22. doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.679950

    Aniţei, M., Chraif, M., & Ioniţă, E. (2015). Gender differences in workload and self-
    perceived burnout in a multinational company from Bucharest. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187, 733-737. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.155

    Armstrong, M. (2000). Performance management: Key strategies and practical guidances.
    London: Kogan Page.

    Armstrong, C., Flood, P., Guthrie, J., Liu, W., Maccurtain, S., & Mkamwa, T. (2010). The
    impact of diversity and equality management on firm performance: Beyond high performance work systems. Human Resource Management, 49, 977-998. doi:10.1002/hrm.20391

    Arnold, A., Arad, S., Rhoades, A., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The empowering leadership questionnaire: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 249-269. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200005)21:3<249::AID-JOB10>3.0.CO;2-#

    Asamany, A. & Shaorong, S. (2017). The ripple effects of performance management on
    employees’ perceptions and affective commitment among small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). International Journal of Business Administration, 9, 55-63. doi:10.5430/ijba.v9n1p55

    Babakus, E., Cravens, D., Grant, K., Ingram, T., & LaForge, R. (1996). Investigating the
    relationships among sales, management control, sales territory design, salesperson performance, and sales organization effectiveness. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13, 345-363. 10.1016/S0167-8116(96)00016-X

    Bae, K. (2006). Major elements and issues in performance management system: A
    literature review, Inha University, Nam-gu Incheon. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED492860.pdf

    Bakker, B., Albrecht, L., & Leiter, P. (2011). Key questions regarding work
    engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4-28. doi:10.1080/1359432X.2010.485352

    Bakker, B. & Demerouti, E. (2007), The job demands‐resources model: State of the
    art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3),
    309-328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115

    Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands-resources
    model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1),
    83–104. doi:10.1002/hrm.20004

    Banks, G. & May, E. (1999). Performance management: The real glue in organizations. In
    A.I. Kraut & A. K.Korman (Eds.), Evolving practices in human resource management (pp. 118-145). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254325167_New_Perspectives_Concerning_Performance_Appraisals_of_Intercollegiate_Coaches

    Barker, J. (1993). Tightening the iron cage: Concertive control in self-managing
    teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(3), 408-437. doi:10.2307/2393374

    Barkhuizen, E., Rothmann, S., & Vijver, F. (2014). Burnout and work engagement of
    academics in higher education institutions: Effects of dispositional optimism. Stress and Health, 30, 322-332. doi:10.1002/smi.2520

    Barley, S. & Kunda, G. (1992). Design and devotion surges of rational and normative
    ideologies of control in discourse. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 363-399. doi:10.2307/2393449

    Bauer, T. & Erdogan, B. (2011). Organizational socialization: The effective onboarding of
    new employees. In S. Zedeck, A. Aguinis, W. Cascio, M. Gelfand, K. Leung, S. Parker & J. Zhou (Eds.), APA handbook of I/O psychology, 3. doi:10.1037/12171-002

    Baumler, J. V. (1971). Defined criteria of performance in organizational control.
    Administrative Science Quarterly, 16. 340-349. doi:10.2307/2391906

    Bauwens, R., Audenaert, M., Huisman, J., & Decramer, A. (2019). Performance management
    fairness and burnout: Implications for organizational citizenship behaviors. Studies in Higher Education, 44, 584-598. doi:10.1080/03075079.2017.1389878

    Becker, B. & Gerhart, B. (1996). The impact of human resource management on
    organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 779-801.
    doi:10.2307/256712

    Berry, L., Mirabito, A., & Baun, W. (2010). What’s the hard return on employee wellness
    programs? Harvard Business Review, 88(12), 104-142. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21188899/

    Birkinshaw, J., Crilly, D., Bouquet, C., & Lee, S. (2015). How do firms manage strategic
    dualities? A process perspective. Academy of Management Discoveries, 2, 51-78. doi:10.5465/amd.2014.0123

    Bisel, R., Ford, D., & Keyton, J. (2007). Unobtrusive control in a leadership organization:
    Integrating control and resistance. Western Journal of Communication, 71, 136-158. doi:10.1080/10570310701368039

    Black, A. (2008). Working for a healthier tomorrow. London: The Stationery Office. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/209782/hwwb-working-for-a-healthier-tomorrow.pdf

    Bolarinwa, A. (2015). Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of
    questionnaires used in social and health science researches. Nigerian Postgraduate
    Medical Journal, 22(4), 195-201. doi:10.4103/1117-1936.173959

    Brignall, S. & Ballantine, J. (2004). Strategic enterprise management systems: New
    directions for research. Management Accounting Research, 15. 225-240. doi:10.1016/j.mar.2003.10.003

    Brown, M. & Benson, J. (2003). Rated to exhaustion? Reactions to performance appraisal processes. Industrial Relations Journal, 34, 67-81. doi:10.1111/1468-2338.00259

    Browne, W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Brunetto, Y., Shacklock, K., Teo, S., & Farr-Wharton, R. (2014). The impact of management
    on the engagement and well-being of high emotional labour employees. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(17), 2345-2363 doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.877056

    Burke, S. A. (2009). Proactive socialization: A longitudinal investigation of newcomer
    adjustment inside both an institutionalized and individualized workplace (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), University of Wellington, New Zealand.

    Burke, J. & Greenglass, R. (1989). Psychological burnout among men and women in
    teaching: An examination of the Cherniss model. Human Relations, 42(3), 261–273. doi:10.1177/001872678904200304

    Butterfield, R., Edwards, C., & Woodall, J. (2004). The new public management and the UK
    police service. Public Management Review, 6(3), 395-415. doi:10.1080/1471903042000256556

    Campbell, D. & Lee, C. (1988). Self-appraisal in performance evaluation: Development
    versus evaluation. The Academy of Management Review, 13(2), 302-314. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/258579

    Cardinal, L. B. (2001). Technological innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: The use of
    organizational control in managing research and development. Organization Science, 12, 19-36. doi:10.1287/orsc.12.1.19.10119

    Carmines, E. G. & Mclver, J. P. (1983). An introduction to the analysis of models with unobserved variables. Political Methodology, 9(1), 51-102. doi: 10.2307/25791175

    Casserley, T. & Megginson, D. (2009). Learning from burnout: Developing sustainable
    leaders and avoiding career derailment, 1, 70-86. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Castanheira, F. & Chambel, M. J. (2010). Reducing burnout in call centers through HR practices. Human Resource Management, 49, 1047-1065. doi:10.1002/hrm.20393

    Chen, F. & Kao, L. (2013). The connection between the hassles-burnout relationship, as
    moderated by coping, and aberrant behaviors and health problems among bus drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 53,
    105-111. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.01.004

    Chowdhury, R. (2018). Burnout and its organizational effects: A study on literature
    review. Journal of Business & Financial Affairs, 7(4), 353-355. doi:10.4172/2167-0234.1000353

    Christian, M., Garza, A., & Slaughter, J. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review
    and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64, 89-136. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203.x

    Cleveland, J., Murphy, K., & Williams, R. (1989). Multiple uses of performance appraisal.
    Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 130-135. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.130

    Conway, E., Fu, N., Monks, K., Alfes, K., & Bailey, C. (2015). Demands or resources? The
    relationship between HR practices, employee engagement, and emotional exhaustion within a hybrid model of employment relations. Human Resource Management, 55(5), 901-917. doi:10.1002/hrm.21691

    Cooper, L., Dewe, J., & O'Driscoll, P. (2001). Foundations for organizational
    science. organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications. California: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Cordes, C. & Dougherty, T. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job
    burnout. Academy of Management Review. 18(4), 621-656. doi:10.5465/AMR.1993.9402210153

    Danna, K. & Griffin, R. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and
    synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25, 357-384. doi:10.1177/014920639902500305

    Das, A., Kumar, U., & Kumar, V. (2010), The role of leadership competencies for
    implementing TQM: An empirical study in Thai manufacturing industry. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 28(2), 195-219.

    Deci, E. & Ryan, R. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W.
    Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.). Handbook of theories of social psychology. California: Sage Publications Ltd. doi:10.4135/9781446249215.n21

    Demartini, C. (2014). Performance management systems. Berlin: Physica.
    doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36684-0

    Demerouti, E., Mostert, K., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: A
    thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15, 209-22. doi:10.1037/a0019408

    Denisi, A. & Kluger, A. (2000). Feedback effectiveness: Can 360-degree appraisals be
    improved? Academy of Management Perspectives, 14, 129-139. doi:10.5465/AME.2000.2909845

    Denisi, A. & Murphy, K. (2017). Performance appraisal and performance management: 100
    years of progress? Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(2), 421-433. doi:10.1037/apl0000085

    Drucker, P. (1954). The practice of management. New York: Harper & Row.

    Edwards, R. (1981). The social relations of production at the point of production. In M. Zey-
    Ferrell & M. Aiken (Eds.), Complex organizations: Critical perspectives. Glenview: Scott, Foresman.

    Eisenhardt, K. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. The Academy of
    Management Review, 14(1), 57-74. doi:10.2307/258191

    Ferreira, A. & Otley, D., (2009). The design and use of performance management systems:
    An extended framework for analysis. Management Accounting Research, 20, 263-282. doi:10.1016/j.mar.2009.07.003

    Ferreira, P. & Rodrigues, P. (2018). Engagement as an antecedent of the satisfaction-
    performance relation: a study with line managers. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 18(1), 32-50. doi:10.1504/IJHRDM.2018.092293

    Firat, A. & Dholakia, N. (2006). Theoretical and philosophical implications of postmodern
    debates: Some challenges to modern marketing. Marketing Theory, 6(2), 123-162. doi:10.1177/1470593106063981

    Flamholtz, E. (1996). Effective organizational control: A framework, applications, and
    implications. European Management Journal, 14(6), 596-611. doi:10.1016/S0263-2373(96)00056-4

    Fletcher, C. & Perry, E. (2001). Performance appraisal and feedback: A consideration of
    national culture and a review of contemporary research and future trends. Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology, 1, 127-144. doi:10.4135/9781848608320.n8

    Frazier, G. & Howell, D. (1983). Business definition and performance. Journal of
    Marketing, 47(2), 59–67. doi:10.1177/002224298304700206

    Fricke, P. & Etzioni, A. (1962). A comparative analysis of complex organization. Political
    Science Quarterly, 91(2), 341-342. doi:10.2307/2148419

    Gabris, G. & Ihrke, D. (2001). Does performance appraisal contribute to heightened levels
    of employee burnout? The results of one study. Public Personnel Management, 30, 157-172. doi:10.1177/009102600103000203

    Golembiewski, R. T., Boudreau, R. A., Sun, B., & Lou, H. (1998). Estimates of burnout in public agencies: Worldwide, how many employees have which degrees of burnout and with what consequences? Public Administration Review, 58(1), 59-65. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ557870

    Gossett, L. (2006). Falling between the cracks: Control and communication challenges of a
    temporary workforce. Management Communication Quarterly, 19, 376-415. doi:10.1177/0893318905280327

    Gray, C. D. & Kinnear, P. R. (2012). IBM SPSS statistics 19 made simple. New York: Psychology Press.

    Grote, R. C (1996). The complete guide to performance appraisal. New York: AMACOM.

    Gruman, J., Saks, A., & Zweig, D. (2006). Organizational socialization tactics and newcomer
    proactive behaviors: An integrative study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(1), 90-104. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2006.03.001

    Gruman, J. & Saks, A. (2011). Performance management and employee engagement. Human
    Resource Management Review, 21, 123-136. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004

    Gulzar, S. & Teli, M. R. (2018). Gender and work engagement: A study of academic staff in
    higher education. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 8(2), 346-348. doi:10.4172/2223-5833.1000346

    Hackman, J. & Oldham, G. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a
    theory. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7

    Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Buckley, M. R. (2004). Burnout in organizational life. Journal of Management, 30(6), 859-879. doi:10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.004
    Harackiewicz, J., Abrahams, S., & Wageman, R. (1987). Performance evaluation and
    intrinsic motivation: The effects of evaluative focus, rewards, and achievement orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1015–1023. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.6 .1015

    Hassan, Z. A., Schattner, P., & Mazza, D. (2006). Doing a pilot study: Why is it
    essential?. Malaysian Family Physician: The Official Journal of The Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 1(2-3), 70-73.

    Hodson, R., Welsh, S., Rieble, S., Jamison, S., & Creighton, S. (1993). Is worker solidarity
    undermined by autonomy and participation? Patterns from the ethnographic literature. American Sociological Review, 58(3), 398–416. doi:10.2307/2095908

    Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118

    Islam, J. & Hu, H. (2012). A review of literature on contingency theory in managerial
    accounting. African Journal of Business Management, 6, 5159-5164. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/app/webroot/article/article1380711715_Islam%20and%20Hu.pdf

    Jaworski, B. (1988). Toward a theory of marketing control: environmental context, control
    types, and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 23-39. doi:10.2307/1251447

    Jeffrey, K., Mahony, S., Michaelson, J., & Abdallah, S. (2014). Well-being at work: A
    review of the literature. London: New Economics Foundation.

    Joo, H. & Gottfredson, R. (2012). Performance management universals: Think globally and
    act locally. Business Horizons, 55, 385–392. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2012.03.004

    Julian, J. (1968). Organizational involvement and social control. Social Forces. 47(1),
    12-16. doi:10.2307/2574706

    Kahn, W. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at
    work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724. doi:10.2307/256287

    Kotzé, J., Westhuizen, S. V. D., & Nel, E. (2014). The relationship between employees’ experience of performance management and work engagement within a South African organization. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 24(6), 475-479. doi: 10.1080/14330237.2014.997027

    Kular, S., Gatenby, M., Rees, C., Soane, E., & Bailey, C. (2008). Employee engagement: A
    literature review. Retrived from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38176618_Employee_Engagement_A_Literature_Review

    Kumar, P. & Rajanala, N. (2015). Performance management system (PMS) in Indian small
    and medium enterprises (SMEs): A practical framework- A case study. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 5(1), 1-15. doi:10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00168.1

    Krueger, A., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. (2005). A survey method for
    characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5702), 1776-1780. doi:10.1126/science.1103572

    Larson, G. & Tompkins, P. (2005). Ambivalence and resistance: A study of management in
    a concertive control system. Communication Monographs, 72, 1-21. doi:10.1080/0363775052000342508

    Layard, R. (2005). Happiness: lessons from a new science. Foreign affairs (Council
    on Foreign Relations), 84(6), 272-273. doi:10.2307/20031793

    Leiter, M. & Bakker, A. (2010). Work engagement: Introduction. In A. B. Bakker & M.
    P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 1–9) Psychology Press.

    London, M. & Smither, J., (2002). Feedback orientation, feedback culture, and the
    longitudinal performance management process. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 81-100. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(01)00043-2

    Longenecker, C. & Stansfield, T. (2005). The effects of goal setting and feedback on
    manufacturing productivity: A field experiment. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(3-4), 346-358. doi:10.1108/17410400610653273

    Lu, A. & Gursoy, D. (2016). Impact of job burnout on satisfaction and turnover intention. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 40, 210-235. doi:10.1177/1096348013495696

    Macey, W., Schneider, B., Barbera, K., & Young, S. (2009). Employee engagement: Tools
    for Analysis, Practice, and Competitive Advantage. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781444306538.ch2

    Macky, K. & Boxall. (2007). The relationship between high-performance work practices and
    employee attitudes: An investigation of additive and interaction effects. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18, 537-567. doi:10.1080/09585190601178745.

    Madan, P. & Srivastava, S. (2015). Employee engagement, job satisfaction & demographic
    relationship: An empirical study of private sector bank managers. FIIB Business Review, 4(2), 53–62. doi:10.1177/2455265820150210

    Marrelli, A. (2011). Employee engagement and performance management in the federal
    sector. Performance Improvement, 50(5), 5-13. doi:10.1002/pfi.20216.

    Martell, R. & Evans, D. (2005). Source-monitoring training: Toward reducing rater
    expectancy effects in behavioral measurement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 956–963. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.956

    Maslach, C., Jackson, S., & Leiter, M. (1997). The Maslach burnout inventory manual. In C.
    P. Zalaquett & R. J. Wood (Eds), Evaluating stress: A book of resources.
    California: The Scarecrow Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277816643_The_Maslach_Burnout_Inventory_Manual

    Maslach, C. & Leiter, M. (1997). The truth about burnout: How organizations cause
    personal stress and what to do about It. California: Jossey-Bass.

    Maslach, C., Schaufeli, B., & Leiter, P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of
    Psychology, 52, 397–422. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397

    May, D., Gilson, R., & Harter, L. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness,
    safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 11-37. doi:10.1348/096317904322915892

    Mcdonnell, A., Hickey, C., & Gunnigle, P. (2011). Global talent management: Exploring
    talent identification in the multinational enterprise. European Journal of International Management, 5, 174-193. doi:10.1504/EJIM.2011.038816

    McMahon, T. & Perritt, W. (1973). Toward a contingency theory of organizational control.
    Academy of Management Journal, 76(4), 624-635. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/254695

    Memon, R., Ghani, B., & Kazi, A. (2018). Restructuring the relationship between
    performance management and employee engagement. Pakistan Business Review, 20(1), 99-109. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3397724

    Mone, M. & London, M. (2018). Employee Engagement Through Effective Performance
    Management. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315626529

    Morris, J. & Farrell, C. (2007). The post-bureaucratic public sector organization. New
    organizational forms and HRM in ten UK public sector organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(9), 1575-1588. doi:10.1080/09585190701570544

    Munawaroh, A., Riantoputra, D., & Marpaung, B. (2013). Factors influencing individual
    performance in an Indonesian government office, 7(2), 51-60. doi:10.21002/seam.v7i2.2051

    Na-nan, K. (2016). Performance management for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in
    Thailand. International Journal of Economic Research, 13, 1641-1658. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308741702_Performance_management_for_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises_SMEs_in_Thailand
    Na-nan, K., Chaiprasit, K., & Pukkeeree, P. (2018). A validation of the performance
    management scale. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 35(6), 1253-1267. doi:10.1108/IJQRM-04-2017-0064

    Narongchai, W., Ayuwat, D., Samorna, S., Pasuta, K., Kingsawat, K., Thinpru, S., Sonman,
    K., & Auraiampai, N. (2020). Happiness and engagement in relation to gender. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10(9), 112-132. Retrieved from https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol10iss9/10909_Hong_2019_E_R.pdf

    Noblet, A., Rodwell, J. and Allisey, A. (2009). Job stress in the law enforcement sector: Comparing the linear, non‐linear and interaction effects of working conditions. Stress and Health, 25, 111-120. doi:10.1002/smi.1227

    Ntanos, A. & Boulouta, K. (2012). Bureaucracy-bureaupathology in education and
    administration. Int. J. of Strategic Change Management. 4. 129-138. doi:10.1504/IJSCM.2012.046502

    Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric methods (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Ouchi, W. (1979). A conceptual framework for design of organisational control mechanism.
    Management Science, 25. 833-848. doi:10.1287/mnsc.25.9.833

    Parker, M. (1992). Post-modern organizations or postmodern organization
    theory? Organization Studies, 13(1), 1-17. doi:10.1177/017084069201300103

    Peters, T. & Waterman Jr., R. (1982). In search of excellence: Lessons from American's best-
    run companies. New York: Harper & Row.

    Pfeffer, J. & Sutton, R. (2006). Hard facts, dangerous half-truths, and total nonsense
    profiting from evidence-based management. Strategy & Leadership, 34, 35-42. doi:10.1108/10878570610652617

    Piercy, N., Cravens, D., & Morgan, N. (1998). Salesforce performance and behaviour-based
    management processes in business-to-business sales organizations. European Journal of Marketing, 32, 79-100. doi:10.1108/03090569810197480

    Prahalad, K. & Bhattacharyya, H. (2011). How to be a truly global company. Strategy
    Business, 64, 128-135. Retrieved from https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/BAH_US/S110729P.pdf

    Pulakos, E. (2009). Performance management: A new approach for driving business results. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell

    Purvanova, R. & Muros, J. (2010). Gender differences in burnout: A meta-analysis. Journal
    of Vocational Behavior, 77, 168-185. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.006

    Rehman, W., Yousaf, S., & Naeem, H. (2015). Impact of burnout on employees'
    performance: An analysis of banking industry. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 11, 88-96. doi:10.1504/WREMSD.2015.066980

    Ricci, L. (2016). The Impact of performance management system characteristics on
    perceived effectiveness of the system and engagement (Master's Theses). San Jose State University, California. doi:10.31979/etd.qh7m-s97u

    Rice, J. (2009). The role of tenure as a moderator to work engagement and job
    satisfaction (Master’s Theses). San Jose State University, California. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4694&context=etd_theses

    Rich, B., Lepine, J., & Crawford, E. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job
    performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2010.51468988

    Robinson, J. (2008). Economic development and democracy. Annual Review of Political
    Science, 9, 503-527. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.092704.171256

    Sattar, H., Khaliq, L., & Butt, M. (2018). Effect of performance management on employees
    well-being via perceived job control. Human Resource Research, 2, 18-31. doi:10.5296/hrr.v2i1.13155

    Santos, R. (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of Extension, 37(2), 1-5.

    Schaufeli, B. & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A
    critical analysis. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.

    Schaufeli, B., Salanova, M., & González-Romá, V. (2002). The measurement of engagement
    and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92. doi:10.1023/A:1015630930326

    Schaufeli, B. & Salanova, M. (2011). Work engagement: On how to better catch a slippery
    concept. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20, 39-46. doi:10.1080/1359432X.2010.515981

    Schwartz, J., Bersin, J., & Pelster, B. (2014). Human capital trends 2014
    survey. Retrieved from http://dupress.com/articles/human-capitaltrends-
    2014-survey-top-10-findings/

    Scott, W. (1998). Organizations: Rational, natural and open systems. Canadian Journal of
    Sociology / Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie, 8(4), 491-493. doi:10.2307/3339861

    Sedgwick, P. (2012). Pearson’s correlation coefficient. BMJ: British Medical Journal
    (Online), 345, 1-2. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4483

    Sengupta, P., Kinnebrew, J., Basu, S., Biswas, G., & Clark, D. (2013). Integrating
    computational thinking with K-12 science education using agent-based computation: A theoretical framework. Education and Information Technologies, 18, 351-380. doi:10.1007/s10639-012-9240-x

    Sewell, G. (1998). The discipline of teams: The control of team-based industrial work
    through electronic and peer surveillance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43(2), 397-428. doi:10.2307/2393857

    Shirom, A. (2003). Job-related burnout: A review. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetrick
    (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (p. 245–264). Washington DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10474-012

    Shrivastava, A. & Purang, P. (2011). Employee perceptions of performance appraisals: A
    comparative study on Indian banks. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22. 632-647. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.543639

    Shuck, B. & Wollard, K. (2010). Employee engagement and HRD: A seminal review of the
    foundations. Human Resource Development Review, 9. 89-110. doi:10.1177/1534484309353560

    Sitkin, B., Cardinal, B., & Bijlsma-Frankema, M. (2010). Organizational control.
    Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511777899

    Sparrow, P. & Hiltrop, M. (1994). European human resource management in transition.
    London: Prentice-Hall.

    Soeters, L. (1986). Excellent companies as social movements. Journal of Management
    Studies, 23(3), 299-312. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1986.tb00956.x

    Streiner, D. L. (2003). Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(1), 99-103. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18

    Suddaby, R. (2010). Challenges for institutional theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 19,
    14-20. doi:10.1177/1056492609347564

    Suliman, A. & Iles, P. (2000). Is continuance commitment beneficial to organizations?
    Commitment-performance relationship: A new look. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15, 407-422. doi:10.1108/02683940010337158

    Sun, L. & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee engagement: A literature Review.
    International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9, 63-75. doi:10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14167

    Tompkins, K. & Cheney, G. (1985). Communication and unobtrusive control in
    contemporary organizations. In R. D. McPhee & P. K. Tompkins (Eds.). Organizational Communication: Traditional Themes and New Directions (pp. 179–210). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Tshilongamulenzhe, M. & Takawira, N. (2015). Examining the gender influence on
    employees’ work engagement within a South African University. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions, 5, 110-119. doi:10.22495/rgcv5i2c1art5

    Verbeke, H. (1996). Individual differences in emotional contagion of sales persons, its effect
    on performance and burnout. Psyhology and Marketing, 14(6), 617- 636. doi:10.1002/152067931466176302

    Waal, A., Goedegebuure, R., & Geradts, P. (2011). The impact of performance management
    on the results of a non-profit organization. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 60, 778-796. doi:10.1108/17410401111182189

    Wetterberg, M. & Schultz, E. (2013). Concertive bureaucracy in knowledge-intensive
    work: Loosening the iron cage (Master’s Theses). Lund University, Sweden.

    Whittington, L., Meskelis, S., Asare, E., & Beldona, S. (2017). Enhancing Employee
    Engagement: An Evidence-Based Approach. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54732-9

    Wright, M. & Barker, J. (2000). Assessing concertive control in the term environment. The
    Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73. 345-361. doi:10.1348/096317900167065

    Wright, P., Gardner, T., & Moynihan, L. (2003). The impact of HR practices on the
    performance of business units. Human Resource Management Journal, 13. 21- 6. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2003.tb00096.x

    下載圖示
    QR CODE