研究生: |
謝艾芸 Ai-Yun Hsieh |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台灣原住民族國中學生能力觀之探究 A study on perception of competence of aboriginal junior high school students in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
許殷宏
Hsu, Yin-Hung |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育學系 Department of Education |
論文出版年: | 2009 |
畢業學年度: | 97 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 229 |
中文關鍵詞: | 能力觀 、原住民中學生 、學校適應 |
英文關鍵詞: | perception of competence, aboriginal student, school adaptation |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:176 下載:14 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
「能力」是日常生活中耳熟能詳的詞彙,但人們往往對其概念習焉不察;然抽象能力觀的形塑可能影響個人具體的外顯行為表現與自我概念的發展,進而引導著個人走向積極的成功或消極的失敗,實有深究之必要。而社會中關於原住民「能力」的種種揣測,究竟是原住民本身所認同的?抑或是漢人主觀價值意識之下的產物,藉此區隔族群文化的優劣?亦是本研究探詢的核心。因此,本研究以原住民學生為主體,聚焦描述其能力觀之形塑與對於學校生活適應的影響,冀望藉此促使原住民學生以自己的聲音敘說自身的能力觀。研究目的如下:
一、描述原住民學生能力觀之意涵。
二、探討形塑原住民學生能力觀的微觀與鉅觀因素。
三、瞭解原住民學生能力觀對身分認同的影響。
四、分析原住民學生能力觀與其學校適應之間的關聯性。
為能厚實的描述原住民學生的能力觀,本研究採取長期參與觀察、深度訪談與文件分析等質性研究方式,並選取花蓮縣某所公立國中之八年級學生為研究對象。在國二上學期開學之後,隨即進入現場進行實徵資料的蒐集,直至國二下學期末結束,研究時程為期一年左右。
本研究透過相關資料的分析與整理之後獲致下列結論:
一、原住民學生於社會認同中發展對能力觀之基本認知。
二、家庭的中介作用左右原住民學生能力觀的形塑。
三、原住民學生面對制度化能力觀有其順應與拒斥。
四、原住民學生能力觀凸顯階級差異。
最後,根據研究結論,研究者提出有關學生能力觀後續研究之可行方向與建議,備供參酌。
Individul ideas and actions are impacted by abstract perception of competence, which leads everyone to succeed or fail. In the field of education, students’ school adaptation is related to their perception of competence very much. There is flooded with conjectures about competence of aboriginal in our society, but that may be a subjective ideology of the Hans to differentiate between cultures. So, this study in order to understand perception of competence of aboriginal junior high school students, and analyze how do students’ school-adaptation strategy influenced by their competence conception. To fulfill the above-mentioned purposes, classroom observation and semi-structured interview techniques are employed to collect empirical data from aboriginal junior high school students in east Taiwan.
The major findings are as follows: (1) aboriginal students’ basic perception of competence result from social identity ; (2)family is mediator of competence formation as school; (3) aboriginal students are not wholly to conform to institutionalized conception of competence; (4) there are diversity of class in aboriginal students’ perception of competence.
壹、中文部分
ANNA(2008,3月20日)。所謂的刻板印象。發表於http://blog.udn.com/familymart/1711777
王文科(2000)。教育研究法。台北市:五南。
王志弘、許妍飛(譯)(2006)。P. Berger & T. Luckmann著。社會認同(Social identity)。台北市:巨流。
王齡慶(1992)。少數族群青少年學校生活適應之相關因素探討。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
石兆蓮(2001)。合作學習對兒童溝通表達能力影響之實驗研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
江文吉(2000)。屏東縣原住民學童多元智能與自我概念關係之研究。國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
巫有鎰(1999)。影響國小學生學業成就的因果機制:以臺北市和臺東縣作比較。教育研究集刊,43,213-242。
巫有鎰(2007)。學校與非學校因素對臺東縣原、漢國小學生學業成就的影響。臺灣教育社會學研究,7(1),29-67。
阿妹衣錦還鄉 村民喊錢回來啦!(2008)。HiNet 新聞網,2008年11月10日,取自http://times.hinet.net/times/article.do?&newsid=1778413&option=entertainment
李亦園(1987)。都市中高山族的現代化適應。載於李亦園(編著),臺灣土著民族的社會與文化(頁395-423)。台北市:聯經。
李伯黍、楊爾衢、孫名之、陳澤川、袁軍、張榮華、顧海根、唐本予、李維、李茹、李正雲等(譯)(2002)。Arthur S. Reber著。心理學辭典。台北市:五南。
李慧賢(1995)。原住民學生創造力發展及其相關因素之研究-年級、性別、教師教學創新 行為、父母教養態度、社會支持與創意經驗、創造思考能力之關係。國立政治大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
李素卿(譯)(1999)。T. L. Good & J. Brophy著。當代教育心理學(Contemporary educational psychology)。台北市:五南。
李政賢(譯)(2007)。C. Marshall & G. B. Rossman著。質性研究:設計與計畫撰寫(Designing qualitative research)。台北市:五南。
季紅瑋(1996)。台北都會區原住民族國中生壓力因應歷程之初探-以優勢觀點分析。私立東吳大學社會工作學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林文瑛(2004)。教師的人性觀與教育觀:以能力觀為例。教育心理學報,35(4),355-374。
林雅慧(2000)。批判思考訓練對提升國小資優生批判思考能力教學成效之研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林孟穎(2004)。教師能力觀之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林淑華(1998)。原住民與非學住民學童父母管教態度與社會適應之比較研究。臺東師院學報,9,307-346。
林淑媛(1998)。台灣原住民學術菁英的教育歷程與族群適應。國立台灣師範大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版。
林麗惠(2000)。原住民與非原住民學童的認知風格、推理表現與問題解決表現之相關研究-以桃園縣平地國小學童為例。國立新竹教育大學國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
邱怡薇(2000)。漂泊都市心:都市原住民的人際與社會心理。原住民文化與教育通訊,6,10-12。
周雯娟(1995)。都市原住民與非原住民兒童批判思考能力之比較研究。台北市立教育大學國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
周新富(1999)。國中生家庭背景、家庭文化資源、學校經驗與學習結果關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。
吳瓊洳(2000)。國中學生反學校文化之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育學系博士論文,未出版,台北市。
吳天泰、吳家瑩(1995)。原住民國小之教育革新-娑婆礑國小個案研究。花蓮縣:國立花蓮師範學院。
吳明隆、林慶信(2004)。原漢學童學習行為與學業成就之族群、性格因素的比較研究。高雄師大學報:教育與社會科學類,17,37-55。
邱達興(2001)。語文能力高低學生之間英語學習風格差異之比較。國立高雄師範大學英語學系碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
洪麗晴、高淑芳,(1998)。原住民與非原住民國小學童的推理表現差異性之分析。原住民教育季刊,10,1-27。
原住民學生加分35%!必看!(2007)。2008年11月10日,取自http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/070820/35/j27i.html
段德智、尹大貽、金常政(譯)(1999)。A. Angeles Peter著。哲學辭典(HarperCollins dictionary of philosophy)。台北市:貓頭鷹。
袁之琦、游恆山(主編)(1990)。心理學名詞辭典。台北市:五南。
浦忠成(1996)。國民小學語文科族群關係教材之研究。載於國立花蓮師範學院主辦「多元文化與原住民教育課程發展學術研討會論文集」(頁176-184),國立花蓮師範學院。
國立編譯館(主編)(2001)。教育大辭書。台北市:文景。
張如慧(2002)。民族與性別之潛在課程。台北市:師苑。
張慧如(2005)。原住民學童與一般學童空間能力之調查。國立台北教育大學數學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
張建成(2002)。批判的教育社會學研究。台北市:學富。
張惠妹藍天+梁文音MV(2008)。2008年11月10日,取自http://mxie.gotdns.com/star-eng2.htm
畢恆達(1996)。詮釋學與質性研究。載於胡幼慧(主編),質性研究(頁27-45)。台北市:巨流。
畢恆達(2005)。教授為什麼沒告訴我:論文寫作的枕邊書。台北市:學富。
陳黎(1990)。小丑畢費的戀歌。台北市:圓神。
陳枝烈(1997)。都市原住民兒童適應問題之探討:兩個兒童的晤談。原住民教育季刊,1,33-55。
陳向明(2000)。質的研究法與社會科學研究。北京市:教育科學出版社。
陳順利(2001)。原、漢青少年飲酒行為與學業成就之追蹤調查─以台東縣關山地區為例。教育與心理研究,24(上),67-98。
許木柱(1990)。台灣原住民的認同運動:心理文化研究途徑的初步探討。載於徐正光、宋文里,台灣新興社會運動(頁127-156)。台北市:巨流。
歐用生(1989)。質的研究。台北市:師大書苑。
黃毅志(2001)。都市原住民階層變遷史。載於蔡明哲(主編),臺灣原住民史. 都市原住民史篇(頁51-89)。南投市:台灣省文獻委員會。
黃瑞琴 ( 2003 ) 。質的教育研究法。台北市:心理。
黃冠盈(2001)。從文化差異面向探討原住民國中新生之學校適應—以三位泰雅族學生為例。國立花蓮教育大學多元文化研究所碩士班論文,未出版,花蓮縣。
黃鴻文(2003)。國民中學學生文化之民族誌研究。台北市:學富。
黃光雄(主譯)(2001)。R. C. Bogdan & S. K. Biklen著(1998/2001)。質性教育研究:理論與方法(Qualitative Research for Education : An Introduction to Theory and Methods)。嘉義市:濤石。
黃怡文(2002)。不同分組方式對常態分班下國中學生口語能力的影響。私立淡江大學英文學系碩士論文,未出版,台北縣。
黃約伯(1999)。台灣高等院校原住民學生生涯選擇及其相關因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版。
黃薇靜(2000)。都市原住民青少年的生涯建構--以大台北地區阿美族青少年為例。國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
傅仰止(2001)。都市原住民概說。載於蔡明哲(主編),臺灣原住民史. 都市原住民史篇(頁1-50)。南投市:台灣省文獻委員會。
鄒理民(譯)(1991)。P. Berger & T. Luckmann 著。社會實體的建構(The Social construction of reality)。台北市:巨流。
葉淑美(2001)。合作故事圖解教學法對國小低閱讀能力學生閱讀理解成效之研究。國立台中師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台中市。
楊瑩(1988)。台灣地區教育擴張過程中不同家庭背景子女受教機會差異之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育學系博士論文,未出版,台北市。
甄曉蘭(1996)。從典範轉移的再思論質的研究崛起的意義。嘉義師院學報,1 0 ,119-146。
潘慧玲(主編)(2003)。教育研究的取徑:概念與應用。台北市:高等教育。
蔡敏玲 ( 1996 ) 。教育質性研究者請在文本中現身:兩項重要思慮。國民教育,37(2),21-30。
蔡麗芬(1999)。宜蘭縣國小教師智能信念與教學信念之研究。國立花蓮師範學院國民教育所碩士論文,未出版,花蓮縣。
蔡慧君(2003)。原住民知識精英之學校經驗與族群認同。國立台灣師範大學教育學系碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
駱賢穎、王延煌(2002)。從能力概念的發展看九年一貫課程。師友,425,41-44。
廖永堃(2001)。原住民學生多元才能探尋模式之研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育學系博士班論文,未出版,台北市。
韓世芬(1995)。台灣原住民語言能力及語言使用之調查研究。國立清華大學語言學系碩士論文,未出版,新竹市。
魏美惠(1996)。智能新探。台北市:心理。
顏慶祥、湯維玲(1994)。教育百科辭典。台北市:五南。
蘇船利(2006)。當原住民學生遇到漢族老師。師友,468,40-43。
譚光鼎(1995)。台灣土著青少年文化認同與學習行為之研究。教育研究資訊,
3(6),102-114。
譚光鼎(2002)。台灣原住民教育─從廢墟到重建。台北市:師大書苑。
譚光鼎(2007)。批判種族理論及其對臺灣弱勢族群教育之啟示。教育資料集刊,36,1-24。
貳、英文部分
Arnot, M. (2002). Gender relations and schooling in the new century: Conflicts and challenges. In M. Arnot (Ed.), Reproducing gender? : Essays on educational theory and feminist politics (pp. 256-266). London: Routledge.
Anderson, E. (1990). Streetwise: Race, class, and change in an urban community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ball, S. (1981). Beachside comprehensive : A case study of secondary schooling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
Bernstein, B. (1971). On the classification and framing of educational knowledge. In M. F. D. Young (Ed.), Knowledge and control: New directions for the sociology of education (pp. 47–69). London: Collier-Macmillan.
Beynon, J. (2002). What is masculinity? In J. Beynon (Ed.), Masculinities and culture (pp.1-25). Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods. (2nd ed.). Boston : Allyn & Bacon.
Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in capitalist America: Educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. New York: Basic Books.
Brotsaert,H. (1999). Coeducation and gender identity formation: A comparative analysis of secondary schools in Belgium. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 20(3), 343-357.
Brophy, J. E., & Good, T. L. (1970). Teachers’ communication of differential expectations for children’s classroom performance: Some behavioral data. Journal of Educational Psychology, 61(5), 365-374.
Butler, J. E. (1989). Transforming the curriculum: Teaching about women of color. In J. A. Banks & C. A. M. Banks (Eds.), Multicultural education: Issues and perspective (pp.149-167). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Cain, K. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1989). The development of children’s conceptions of intelligence: A theoretical framework. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Advances in the psychology of human intelligence (pp. 47–82). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Carey, S., & Spelke, E. (1994). Domain-specific knowledge and conceptual change. In L. A. Hirschfeld & S. A. Gelman (Eds.), Mapping the mind (pp. 169–200). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cerulo, K.A. (1997). Technologically generated communities, reframing sociological concepts for a brave new (virtual?) world. Sociological Inquiry, 67 (1), 48-58.
Cicourel, A. V., & Kitsuse J. I. (1963). The educational decision-makers. Indianapolis, IN : Bobbs-Merrill.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120.
Connell, R. W. (1977). Ruling class, ruling culture: Studies of conflict, power and hegemony in Australian. London: Cambridge University Press.
Connell, R. W., Ashenden, D. J., Kessler, S., & Dowsett,G. W. (1982). Making the difference: Schools families and social division. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Conneclly, P. (1995). Racism, masculine peer-group relations and the schooling of African/Caribbean infant boys. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 16(1), 74-92.
Denscombe, M. (1980). ‘Keeping’ em quiet’: The significant of noise for the practical activity of teaching. In P. Woods (Ed.), Teacher strategies (pp.61-83). London: Croom Helm.
Dreeben, R. (1968). On what is learned in school. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., Harold, R. D., & Blumenfeld, P. (1993). Age and gender differences in children’s self and task perceptions during elementary school. Child Development, 64, 830–847.
Fetterman, D. M. (1989). Ethnography: Step by step. London: Sage.
Feagin, J. (1991). The continuing significance of race: Antiblack discrimination in public places. American Sociological Review, 56, 101-117.
Fordham, S. (1993). “The loud black girls”: Women, slience, and gender “passing” in the academy. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 24(1), 3-32.
Foschi, M. (2000). Double standards for competence: Theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 21–42.
Freedman-Doan, C., Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S., Blumenfeld, P., Arbreton, A., & Harold, R. D. (2000). What am I best at? Grade and gender differences in children's beliefs about ability improvement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21, 379–402.
Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36, 217- 223.
Gopnik, A., & Wellman, H. M. (1994). The theory theory. In L. A. Hirschfeld & S. A. Gelman (Eds.), Mapping the mind (pp. 257–293). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gaine, C., & George, R. (1999). Gender, race and class in schooling: A new introduction. London: Falmer Press.
Gillborn, D., & Youdell, D. (2001). The new IQism: Intelligence, ”ability” and the rationing of education. In J. Demaine (Ed.), Sociology of education today (pp.65-99). New York: Palgrave Press.
Glenn, E. N. (2002). Unequal freedom: How race and gender shaped American citizenship and labor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Horner, M. S. (1972). The motive to avoid success and changing aspirations of college women. In J. Bardwick (Ed.), Readings on the psychology of women (pp. 62-67). New York: Harper and Row.
Heath, S. B. (1983). Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classroom. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Herrnstein, R.J., & Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve. New York: Free Press.
Hamilton, L. (2002). Constructing pupil identity: Personhood and ability. British Educational Research Journal, 28(4), 591-602.
Harre, R. (1998). The Singular self: An introduction to the psychology of personhood. London: Sage.
Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 347–480). Chicago: Rand McNally.
Keddie, N. (1971). Classroom knowledge. In M. F. D. Young (Ed.), Knowledge and control: New directions for the sociology of education (pp. 133-160). London: Collier-Macmillan.
Kinlaw, C.R., & Kurtz-Costes, B. (2003). The development of children’s beliefs about intelligence. Developmental Review, 23, 125-161.
Kurtz-Costes, B., McCall, R. J., Kinlaw, C. R., Wiesen, C. A., & Joyner, M. H. (2005). What does it mean to be smart? The development of children’s beliefs about intelligence in Germany and the United States. Applied Developmental Psychology, 26, 217–233.
Leahy, R. L., & Hunt, T. M. (1983). A cognitive developmental approach to the development of conceptions of intelligence. In R. L. Leahy (Ed.), The child’s construction of social inequality (pp. 135–160). New York: Academic Press.
Luttrell W. (1989). Working-class women’s ways of knowing: Effect of gender, race, and class. Sociology of Education, 62(1), 33-46.
Ladson-Billings, G., & Tate, W. F. (1995). Toward a critical race theory of education. Teachers College Record, 97(1), 47-68.
Lareau, A., & Horvat. E. M. (1999). Moments of social inclusion and exclusion: Race, class, and cultural capital in family-school relationships. Sociology of Education, 72(1), 37-53.
Mishler, E. G. (1986). Research interviewing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Marsh, H. W. (1989). Age and sex effects in multiple dimensions of self-concept: Preadolescence to early adulthood. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 417–430.
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mickelson, R. A. (1989). Why does Jane read and write so well? The anomaly of women's achievement. Sociology of Education, 62(1), 47-63.
Nicholls, J. G. (1990). What is ability and why are we mindful of it? A developmental perspective. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Kolligian, Jr. (Eds.), Competence considered (pp. 11–40). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Nash, R. (2001). Class, “ability” and attainment: A problem for the sociology of education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 22(2), 189-201.
Oakes, J., Wells A. S., Jones M., & Datnow, A. (1997). Detracking: The social construction of ability, cultural politics, and resistance to reform. Teachers College Record, 98(3), 320-426.
Oakes, J., & Wells, A. S. (1998). Detracking for high students achievement. Educational Leadership, 55(6), 38-41.
Ogbu, J. U. (1983). Minority status and schooling in plural societies. Comparative Education Review, 27(2), 168-190.
Ortiz, F. I. (1988). Hispanic-American children’s experiences in classrooms: A comparison between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children. In L. Weis (Ed.), Race, class and gender in American education (pp. 63-86). Albany: State University of New York Press.
Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review and research. Psychology Bulletin, 3, 499-514.
Piaget, J. (1965). The moral judgment of the child (M. Gabain, Trans.). New York: The Free Press.
Piaget, J. (1970). The child's conception of movement and speed. London: Routledge & Kegan.
Pring, R. & Walford, G. (1997). Affirming the comprehensive ideal. London: Falmer Press.
Rist, R. C. (1973). The urban factory for failure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Rosenbaum, J. E. (1986). Institutional career structures and the social construction of ability. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 139-171). New York: Greenwood Press.
Rosenholtz, S. J., & Rosenholtz, S. H. (1981). Classroom organization and the perception of ability. Sociology of Education, 54(2), 132-140.
Rosenholtz, S. J., & Simpson, C. (1984). The formation of ability conceptions: Developmental trend or social construction? Review of Educational Research, 54(1), 31-63.
Rosenholtz, S. J., & Wilson, B. (1980). The effect of classroom structure on shared perceptions of ability. American Educational Research Journal, 17(1), 75-82.
Ruble, D. N. (1994). A phase model of transitions: Cognitive and motivational consequences. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 163–214.
Rury, J. L., & Mirel, J. E. (1997). The political economy of urban education.. In M. Apple (Ed.), Review of Research in Education, 22,49-110. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
Reay, D., & Wiliam, D. (1999) ‘I’ll be a nothing’: Structure and agency and the construction of identity through assessment. British Educational Research Journal, 25(3), 343–354.
Spradley, J.P. (1980). Participant observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Simpson, C. (1981). Classroom structure and the organization of ability. Sociology of Education, 54(4), 120-132.
Simpson, C. H., & Rosenholtz, S. J. (1986). Classroom structure and the social construction of ability. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp.113-138). New York: Greenwood Press.
Sadker, M., & Sadker, D. (1994). Failing at fairness: How our schools cheat girls. New York:Touchstone.
Swim, J. K., & Sanna, L. J. (1996). He’s skilled, she’s lucky: Ametaanalysis of observers’ attributions for women’s and men’s successes and failures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 507–519.
Skeggs, B. (1997). Formations of class and gender: Becoming respectable. London: Sage.
Tomlinson, S. (2001). Education in a post-welfare society. Buckinghham, UK: Open University Press.
Willis, P. (1977). Learning to labour: How working class kids get working class jobs. Farnborough, UK: Saxon House.
Woods, P. (1983). Sociology and the school: An interactionist viewpoint. London: Roltledge & Kegan Paul.
Wells, A. S., & Serna, I. (1997). The politics of culture: Understanding local political resistance to detracking in racially mixed schools. In A. H. Halsey, H. Lauder, P. Brown, & A. S. Wells (Eds.), Education: Culture, economy, and society (pp.718-735). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Yussen, S. R., & Kane, P. T. (1985). Children’s concept of intelligence. In S. R. Yussen (Ed.), The growth of reflection in children (pp. 207–241). New York: Academic Press.
Yonezawa, S., Wells, A. S., & Serna, I. (2002). Choosing tracks: “Freedom of choice” in detracking schools. American Educational Research Journal, 39(1), 37-67.