簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 馬萳希
Nancy Carolina Martinez Madrid
論文名稱: Work Stress, Organizational Commitment and Personality of Employees at the Maquila Industry in Honduras
Work Stress, Organizational Commitment and Personality of Employees at the Maquila Industry in Honduras
指導教授: 張媁雯
Chang, Wei-Wen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 82
中文關鍵詞: Work stressOrganizational commitmentPersonalityMaquila Industry
英文關鍵詞: Work stress, Organizational commitment, Personality, Maquila Industry
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:216下載:14
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • Nowadays, work stress and organizational commitment has become an important issue for the organizations all over the world, because of the effect that these ones have on the employees’ well being and their performance in the organization. Due to the importance of it this study explored and discussed the relationship between employee’s work stress and organizational commitment. Moreover, it also analyzed the moderator effect that the employee personality has on the relationship between work stress and organizational commitment. In order to reach this goal the present study was focused in the important Maquila Industry at Central America, which represents a 17.3% of the total economic activity of Honduras. Despite of, the importance and influence that this industry has on the Honduran economy, still the research using as an object of analysis the employees that work on the production department of this industry is really limited. On this study the SPSS software was used to analyze that data gathered among the production department employees at the Maquila Industry in Honduras. The correlation and hierarchical regression gave evidence that work stress and its variables have an effect on the employees overall organizational commitment. On the other hand, work stress is negatively related to the affective and continuance commitment but it showed no relation to normative commitment. Finally, only one of the five personality traits: conscientiousness show to have a moderator effect on the relationship between work stress and organizational commitment. This study contributes and gives more information to the organizations in the Maquila Industry in order to help them to know more in deep the real situation of their employees at the production department.

    Nowadays, work stress and organizational commitment has become an important issue for the organizations all over the world, because of the effect that these ones have on the employees’ well being and their performance in the organization. Due to the importance of it this study explored and discussed the relationship between employee’s work stress and organizational commitment. Moreover, it also analyzed the moderator effect that the employee personality has on the relationship between work stress and organizational commitment. In order to reach this goal the present study was focused in the important Maquila Industry at Central America, which represents a 17.3% of the total economic activity of Honduras. Despite of, the importance and influence that this industry has on the Honduran economy, still the research using as an object of analysis the employees that work on the production department of this industry is really limited. On this study the SPSS software was used to analyze that data gathered among the production department employees at the Maquila Industry in Honduras. The correlation and hierarchical regression gave evidence that work stress and its variables have an effect on the employees overall organizational commitment. On the other hand, work stress is negatively related to the affective and continuance commitment but it showed no relation to normative commitment. Finally, only one of the five personality traits: conscientiousness show to have a moderator effect on the relationship between work stress and organizational commitment. This study contributes and gives more information to the organizations in the Maquila Industry in order to help them to know more in deep the real situation of their employees at the production department.

    ABSTRACT I TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF TABLES V LIST OF FIGURES VII CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 4 Purpose of the Study 6 Significance of the Study 6 Delimitations of the Study 7 Definition of Terms 7 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Work Stress 9 Maquila Industry 14 Organizational Commitment 16 Personality 20 Work Stress and Organizational Commitment 21 Work Stress, Organizational Commitment and Personality 21 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS 25 Research Framework 25 Research Hypotheses 26 Data Collection 27 Research Procedure 28 Research Sample 30 Research Instrument 30 Control Variables 35 Instrument Validity 37 Data Analysis 40 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 41 Reliability 41 Descriptive Statistics 42 Correlation among Work Stress, Organizational Commitment and Personality 44 Relationship between Work Stress and Organizational Commitment 50 Moderating Effect of Personality 56 Discussions 59 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 63 Conclusions 63 Implications 66 Suggestions for Further Study 67 Research Limitations 67 REFERENCES 69 APPENDIX A. QUESTIONNAIRE ENGLISH/SPANISH VERSION 75 APPENDIX B. PEER AND EXPERT REVIEW SUGGESTIONS 81 LIST OF TABLES Table 2. 1 Diverse Findings on the Relationship between Stress and Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment 22 Table 3. 1 Work Stress Measurement 31 Table 3. 2 Organizational Commitment Measurement 32 Table 3. 3 The Big Five Inventory (BFI) 34 Table 3. 4 Reliability for Work Stress Scale (N=44) 39 Table 3. 5 Reliability for Organizational Commitment Scale (N=44) 40 Table 4. 1 Reliability for Work Stress Scale (N=116) 41 Table 4. 2 Reliability for Organizational Commitment Scale (N=116) 42 Table 4. 3 Demographic Information of the Sample (N=116) 44 Table 4. 4 Mean, Standard Deviation and Correlation of the Control, Work Stress, Organizational Commitment and Personality Variables 46 Table 4. 5 Hypothesis Pearson Correlation Results 50 Table 4. 6 Results of Regression Analysis for Work Stress and Organizational Commitment (N=116) 51 Table 4. 7 Results of regressions analysis for Control Variables and Work Stress Variables on Organizational Commitment (N=116) 53 Table 4. 8 Results of Regressions Analysis for Control Variables and Work Stress on Organizational Commitment Variables (N=116) 55 Table 4. 9 Results of Regressions Analysis for the Moderating effect of Personality on the Relationship between Work Stress and Organizational Commitment (N=116) 57 Table 4. 10 Hypothesis Regression Analysis Results 58 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3. 1. Research framework 26 Figure 3. 2. Research procedure 29

    Abell, H. (1999). Endangering women's health for profit: Health and safety in Mexico's
    maquiladoras. Development in Practice, 9(5), 595-600. doi: 10.1080/09614529952729

    Allen, N., & Meyer, J. (1996). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the
    organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49,
    252-276.

    Asociación Hondureña de Maquiladores [Honduran Manufacturers Association]
    (2007, October/ November/December). Historia de la Maquila [History of the Maquila]. Zip Podemos Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.ahm-honduras.com/mercadeo/revistas/Revista_Zipodemos_Q4_07.pdf

    Awang, M., Dollard, M. F., & Winefield, A. H. (2009). Lay theory explanations of occupational
    stress: the Malaysian context. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 17(2), 135-153.

    Bhatti, N., Hussain, A., Shaikh, F. M., & Suhail, M. (2010).Causes of Stress in Organization, a
    Case Study of Sukkur. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(11), 3-14.

    Banco Central de Honduras [Central Bank of Honduras] (2001). La actividad maquiladora en
    Honduras [Maquiladora Activity in Honduras]. Retrieved from http://www.bch.hn

    Banco Central de Honduras [Central Bank of Honduras] (2001). La actividad maquiladora en
    Honduras [Maquila Industry in Honduras]. Retrieved from http://www.bch.hn

    Banco Central de Honduras [Central Bank of Honduras] (2005) Actividad maquiladora en
    Honduras 2005 y expectativas 2006 [Maquila Industry in Honduras 2005 and expectations 2006]. Retrieved from http://www.bch.hn

    Banco Central de Honduras [Central Bank of Honduras] (2009) Comportamiento de la industria
    de bienes transformación (Maquila) y actividades conexas en Honduras [Behavior of the transformation goods industry (maquila) and related activities in Honduras]. Retrieved
    from http://www.bch.hn

    Barr, C. D., Spitzmuller, C., & Stuebing, K. K. (2008). Too stressed out to participate?
    Examining the relation between stressors and survey response behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 13(3), 232–243.

    Bersamin, K. K. (2006). Moderating job burnout: An examination of work stressors and
    organizational commitment in a public sector environment (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

    Bogarin, M. (2007, Novemver/December).Central American Free Zones: An overview of
    regulatory frameworks. A Trade and Investment Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.nassarabogados.com

    Bowling, N. A., & Eschleman, K. J. (2010). Employee Personality as a Moderator of the
    Relationships Between Work Stressors and Counterproductive Work Behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 91–103.

    Burger, J. M. (2011). Personality. United States: Cengage Learning.

    Briggs, S. R., & Cheek, J. M. (1986). The role of factor analysis in the evaluation of personality scales. Journal of Personality, 54, 106-148.
    Brunborg, G. S. (2008). Core Self-Evaluations A Predictor Variable for Job Stress. European
    Psychologist, 13(2), 96–102. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.13.2.96

    Chang, S. C., & Lee, M. S. (2006). Relationships among personality traits, job characteristics,
    job satisfaction and organizational commitment an empirical study in Taiwan. The Business Review, Cambridge, 6 (1), 201-207.

    Cousins, R., Mackay, C. J., Clarke, S. D., Kelly, C., Kelly, P. J., & McCaig, R. H. (2004).
    Management Standards and work-related stress in the UK: Practical development. Work & Stress, 18(2), 113-136. doi: 10.1080/02678370410001734322

    DeYoung, C.G., Quilty, L.C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between Facets and Domains: 10
    Aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 880-896. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880.

    Eatough, E. M., Chang, C. H., Miloslavic, S. A. & Johnson, R. E. (2011). Relationships of role
    stressors with organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0021887

    Edwards, J. A., Webster, S., Laar, D.V., & Easton, S. (2008). Psychometric analysis of the UK
    Health and Safety Executive’s Management Standards work-related stress indicator tool. Work & Stress, 22 (2), 96-107. doi: 10.1080/02678370802166599

    Elloy, D. F., & Smith, C.R. (2003). Patterns of stress, work-family conflict, role conflict, role
    ambiguity and overload among dual-career and single-career couples: An Australian study. Cross Cultural Management, 10(1),55-66.

    European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2007). Work-
    related stress. Retrieved from http://www.eurofound.europa.eu

    Gerber, A. S., Huber, G. A., Doherty, D., Dowling, C. M., & Ha, S. E. (2010). Personality
    and political attitudes: relationships across issue domains and political contexts. American Political Science Review, 104(1). doi: 10.1017/S0003055410000031.

    Glazer, S. (2005). Six of one, half a dozen of the other: problems with working fixed and rotating
    shifts. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(2), 142-163.
    doi: 10.1037/1072-5245.12.2.142.

    Griffin, R. W., & Moorhead, G. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Managing people and
    organizations. Canada: South-Western Cengage Learning.

    Guendelmen, S., & Silberg, M. J. (1993). The health consequences of maquiladora work:
    Women on the US-Mexican border. American Journal of Public Health, 83(1), 37-44.

    Hoyos, R. E., Bussolo, M., & Nuñez, O. (2008). Can Maquila booms reduce poverty? Evidence
    from Honduras. Development Prospect Group, the World Bank, p. 1-24.

    Ivancevich, J. M., Matteson, M. T., Freedman, S. M., & Phillips, J. S. (1990). Worksite stress
    management interventions. American Psychologist, 45(2), 252-261.

    John, O. P., Robins, R. W., & Pervin, L. A. (2008). Handbook of personality: Theory and
    research. New York: The Gilford Press.

    John, O. P. & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and
    Theoretical Perspectives. In L. Pervin and O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed.).(pp.2-71). New York: Guilford Press.

    Kerr, R., McHugh, M., & McCrory, M. (2009). HSE Management standards and stress-related
    work outcomes. Occupational Medicine, 59,574–579. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqp146

    Khatibi, A., Asadi, H., & Hamid, M. (2009). The relationship between job stress and
    organizational commitment in National Olympic and Paralympic Academy. World Journal of Sport Sciences 2(4), 272-278

    Kline, P. (1999). The Handbook of Psychological Testing. London: Routledge.

    Ledesma, B. M., Pulido, M., & Villegas, J. (2009).Working conditions, stress and adverse health
    effects among female maquiladora workers in Honduras. Salud de los trabajadores, 17(1), 23-31.

    LeFevre, M., Kolt, G. S., & Matheny, J. (2006). Eustress, distress and their interpretation in
    primary and secondary occupational stress management interventions: which way first?. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(6), 547-565. doi: 10.1108/02683940610684391

    Maquiladora. (2011, April 30). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from
    http://en.wikipedia.org

    Martinez, N. C., & Chang, W. W. (2011). Work stress in the Maquila Industry: A study of
    middle-level managers for the production department in Honduras. Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Resource Development, Taiwan.

    Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance,
    and normative commitment to the organization: a meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20–52.
    doi: 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842

    Michael, O., Court, D., & Petal, P. (2009). Job stress and organizational commitment among
    mentoring coordinators. International Journal of Educational Management, 23 (3),
    266-288. doi: 10.1108/09513540910941766.

    Mount,M.K., & Barrick,M.R.(1998). Five reasons why the "Big Five" article has been frequently
    cited. Personnel Psychology, 51(4), 849-857.

    Naquin, S.S., & Holton, E. F. (2002). The effects of personality, affectivity, and work
    commitment on motivation to improve work through learning. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 13(4), 357-376.

    Nasr, L. (2010). The relationship between the three components model of commitment,
    workplace stress and career path application to employees in medium size organization in Lebanon. Proceedings of the Academy of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 15(2), 13-27.

    Neelamegam, R., & Asrafi, S. (2010). Work stress among employees of Dindigul District
    Central Cooperative Bank, Tamil Nadu: A Study. The IUP Journal of Management Research, 9(5), 57-69.

    Ongori, H., & Agolla, J. E. (2008).Occupational stress in organizations and its effects on
    organizational performance. Journal of Management Research, 8(3), 123-135.

    Ornelas, S., & Klainer, B. H. (2003). New developments in managing job related stress. Equal
    Opportunities International, 22(5), 64-70.

    Otto, K., & Schmidt, S. (2007). Dealingwith stress in theworkplace compensatory effects of
    belief in a just world. European Pshychologist, 12(4), 272-282. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.12.4.272.

    Peterson, M. F., Smith, P. B., Akande, A., & Ayestaran, S.; et al (1995). Role conflict,
    ambiguity, and overload: A 21-nation study. Academy of Management Journal 38 (2), 429-452.

    Posig, M., & Kickul, J. (2003). Extending our understanding of burnout: test of an integrated
    model in nonservice occupations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 8(1), 3–19. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.8.1.3

    Rahim, M. A. (2011). Managing conflicts in organizations. New Brunswick, New Jersey:
    Transaction Publishers.
    Raquel, A. P. (2011). The relationships of previous international experience, pre-departure cross
    cultural preparation, personality, social support and multicultural competence. National Taiwan Normal University. Taipei, Taiwan.

    Safaria, T., Othman, B. A., & Abdul, M. N. (2011). The role of leadership practices on job stress
    among Malay academic staff: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. International Education Studies, 4(1),90-100.

    Samgnanakkan, S. (2010). Mediating role of organizational commitment on HR practices and
    turnover. Journal of Management Research, 10 (1), 39-61.

    Sawyerr, O. O., Srinivas, S., & Wang, S. (2009). Call center employee personality factors and
    service performance. Journal of Services Marketing, 23(5), 301–317.
    doi: 10.1108/08876040910973413.

    Schabracq, M. J., & Cooper, C. L. (2000). The changing nature of work and stress. Journal of
    Managerial Psychology, 15(3), 227-241.

    Schmidt, K. H., (2007). Organizational Commitment: A Further Moderator in the Relationship
    Between Work Stress and Strain?. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(1), 26–40. doi: 10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.26

    Siu, O., Cooper, C. L., Spector, P. L., & Donald, I. (2001). Age Differences in Coping and
    Locus of Control: A Study of Managerial Stress in Hong Kong. Psychology and Aging, 16(4), 707-710.

    Srivastava, S. (2009). Locus of control as a moderator for relationship between organizational
    role stress and managerial effectiveness. The Journal of Business Perspective, 13(4),
    49-61.

    Tariverdi, H. (2008). Organizational Commitment, Intellectual Capital and Organizational
    Competitiveness. The Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 14(1),
    152-163.

    The American Institute of Stress (2001). Attitudes in the American Workplace VII. Retrieved
    from http://www.stress.org

    The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (1999). Stress at Work.
    Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov

    Tuzun, I. K. (2010). The impact of identification and commitment on job satisfaction.
    Management Research News, 32(8), 728-738.

    Ulu, I. P., & Tezer, E. (2010). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, adult attachment, and
    big five personality traits. The Journal of Psychology, 144(4), 327–340.

    Vakola, M., & Nikolaou, I. (2005). Attitudes towards organizational change: What is the role of
    employees' stress and commitment?. Employee Relations, 27(2), 160-174.

    Velasquez, L., Munguia, N., Navarrete, M.A., & Zavala, A. (2006). An overview of
    sustainability practices at the maquiladora industry in Mexico. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 17(4), 478-489.
    doi: 10.1108/14777830610670535.

    Werner, J. M., & Desimone, R. L. (2009). Employee counseling and wellness services. In, J. W.
    Calhoun, D. Shaut, J. Sabatino, L. Elizabeth, K. Meere & T. Lawrence. Human Resource Development (pp.344-378). United States: South-Western Cengage Learning .

    Zain, A. Y., & Gill, R. (1999). A psychometric assessment of the Malay version of Mayer and
    Allen’s organizational commitment measure. Malaysian Management Review. p. 2-22. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/7842892/Organizational-Commitment-Scale

    Ziauddin, Khan, M. R., Jam, F. A., & Hijazi, S. T. (2010). The Impacts of Employees Job Stress
    on Organizational Commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences, 13 (4), 617-622.

    Zhao, L., & Rashid, H. (2010). The mediating role of work-leisure conflict on job stress and
    retention of it professionals. Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal, 13(2), 25-40.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE